This document summarizes nasal trauma, including a brief anatomy overview and definitions. It describes the causes of nasal trauma as both external (accidents, assaults) and internal (infections, inhaling irritants). The types of nasal trauma discussed are nosebleeds, swelling, bruising, and nasal fractures. Nosebleeds most often occur from the Kiesselbach's plexus. Nasal fractures present with pain, deformity and potentially complications like septal hematoma. Chemical injuries cause irritation of the nose and eyes. Foreign bodies in the nose cause symptoms like drainage and pain. Complications can include sinusitis or meningitis.

1. Nasal Trauma
Fatema Ali AlKhater
210007782
Dr.Kamal Abuelhamd

2. - Quick look on Anatomy
- Definition.
- Types.
- Causes.
- Clinical presentation of each
Objectives

3. Quick look on Anatomy

6. (1) Mostly By External Carotid Artery ,
through :
a) Sphenopalatine artery : Main Artery .
b) Greater Palatine Artery .
c) Superior Labial branch of Facial Artery.
(2) Internal Carotid , through :
a) Anterior Ethmoidal Artery.
b) Posterior Ethmoidal Artery .

7. What Is Nasal Trauma?

8. Nasal trauma is an injury to the nose
or the areas that surround and support
the nose.
Internal or external injuries .
-40% of facial traumas .

9. Causes
External
motor vehicle
accidents
sports injuries
physical assaults
Falls
Child abuse
Internal
infections
Inhaling irritating
substances
sniffing illegal
drugs
foreign objects
picking or
scratching

12. fractures chemical
injuries
Foreign
object
Types

13. Types
nosebleeds swelling and bruising

14. Nose
Bleed/Epistaxis

15. >90% of bleeds occur anteriorly and
arise from Little’s area,
where the Kiesselbach plexus forms
on the septum.
The Kiesselbach plexus is where
vessels from both the ICA and the ECA
. converge

16. -Nose picking .
-Nose blowing/sneezing.
-Nasal fracture .
-Nasogastric/nasotracheal intubation
-Trauma to sinuses, orbits, middle
ear, base of skull .
-Barotrauma.
Traumatic Underlying Causes

17. Nasal Fracture

18. -there is evidence of trauma to the mid
face.
-Pain and tenderness in the nose.
-Nasal obstructoin.
-Deformity of the nose .
-skin laceration,
ecchymosis, epistaxis (bleeding from
within the nose), and cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea.
Clinical presentation

19. -Septal hematoma.
-Blowout fractures : Orbital wall and orbital
floor.
- extraocular muscle dysfunction.
-diplopia.
-Nasolacrimal duct injury.
-Infection: Although rare.
-Fracture of the cribriform plate (leakage of
CSF).
Complications

23. Chemical
Injuries

24. - Exposure to toxic gas or fumes
produced by a fire, leak, evaporation of
solvent, chemical reaction, fermentation
of silage, etc.,

26. Complaining of some combination of :
- Coughing.
- wheezing.
- shortness of breath.
- irritation or running of eyes or nose.
- Loss of sense of smell.
- More severe symptoms include confusion
and narcosis.
Signs and Symptoms

27. Foreign Bodies

28. - frequently seen in the pediatric setting
- can also affect adults, especially those with
mental retardation or psychiatric illness

29. - The most common locations for NFBs
to lodge are just anterior to the middle
turbinate or below the inferior turbinate

30. - FB are either Organic or inorganic
- Inorganic materials are often
asymptomatic and may be discovered
incidentally.
- Organic foreign bodies, including food,
rubber, wood, tend to be more irritating to
the nasal mucosa and thus may produce
earlier symptoms.

31. The patient may have :
-unilateral nasal drainage
- Smell foul odor
- Sneezing
- Epistaxis
- pain.

32. Complications
- result in inflammation, mucosal damage,
and extension into adjacent structures.
Reported complications include :
- Sinusitis
- acute otitis media
- Nasal septal perforation
- periorbital cellulitis
- Meningitis
- Acute epiglottitis
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus

33. Complications

37. Thank you ..
Any question ?