This document defines occupational health according to WHO and ILO as promoting physical, mental, and social well-being of workers. It identifies various workplace hazards including physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial hazards. It also discusses the health effects of different hazards such as noise, vibration, radiation, and chemicals. Preventive measures for occupational health include periodic health examinations, health education, engineering controls, and legislation like the Factories Act.

2. DEFINITION

3. According to WHO & ILO
“The promotion and maintenance of the highest
degree of physical, mental and social
well-being of workers in all occupations –
total health of all at work”

4.  RISK
- the chance or probability that a
person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
hazard.

5. Physical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Biological Hazards
Mechanical Hazards
Psychosocial Hazards

6.  HEAT
 COLD
 LIGHT
 NOISE
 VIBRATION
 RADIATION

7. CHEMICAL
HAZARD
PHYSICAL
HAZARD
BIOLOGICAL
HAZARD
ERGONOMIC
HAZARD

8. HEAT
causes heat
stroke,cramps,burns,
increased
fatigue,decreased
efficiency
:

9. COLD :
Chilblains,frost
bite,immersion
foot,cutaneous
vasoconstricion,erythrocy
anosis & hypothermia

10. Poor illumination leads to eye
strain, headache,congesion around
cornea & minor’s nystagmus.
Excessive brightness leads to
blurring of vision & visual fatigue.

11. Auditory effects:
Temporary or permanent hearing loss.
Non-auditory effects:
Nervousness , fatigue & decreased efficiency of the
worker.

12. Causes white
fingers(spasm of fine
blood vessels of the
hand),injuries of joints.

13. UV radiation exposure causes
welder’s flash(intense
keratoconjuctivitis),eye pain
and lachrymation.
Ionising radiation causes
skin cancers , genetic changes
and sterility .

14.  LOCAL ACTION
 DUSTS
 INGESION

15. Causes dermatitis,ulcers and
eczema by primary irritant
action.

16. Enters through
inhalation and causes
pneumoconiosis.

17. Causes abdominal colic
,loss of apetite,anemia and
constipation.

18. VIRUSES
FUNGI
BACTERIA PARASITES

19. Bacterial-
leptospirosis,anthhrax,tuberculosis&
tetanus.
Viral- encephalitis & hepatitis A & E
Parasitic- schistosomiasis &
hydatidosis.

20. Machines and
moving parts leads
to accidents in the
industries.

21. Stress , aggressiveness ,
lack of job satisfaction ,
insecurity , poor human
relations undermines both
physical and mental health
of the workers.

23.  SILICOSIS
 ANTHRACOSIS
 BYSSANOSIS
 BAGGASOSIS
 ASBESTOSIS
 FARMER’S LUNG DISEASES

24. Occurance – mining ,pottery ,ceramic , metal
grinding , iron & steel industry.
Pathology-nodular fibrosis ranging from 3-4
mm mainly in the upper lobes.
C/F-irritant cough ,dyspnea , chest pain &
decreased lung capacity.

25. Occurrence-coal mines
Pathology-fibrosis of the lung
C/F-respiratory disability and
ventilatory impairment

26. Occurrence-spinning mills and textile industry.
Pathology-chronic bronchitis and empysema.
C/F- chronic cough and dyspnea

27. Occurrence-sugar cane industry .
Organism-themoactinomycetes sachari
Pathology-acute bronchiolitis& fibrosis of the
lung.
C/F-hemoptysis,cough and breathlessness.

28. Occrence-cement factories, fireproofs,break
lining and roof tiling.
Pathology-pulmonary fibrosis,carcinoma of
bronchus and mesothelioma of lung.
C/F-cough and dyspnea.,
sputum shows asbestos bodies.

29. Occure due to inhalation of hay or grain dust.
Organism-micropolyspora faeni
C/F-pulmonary fibrosis and cor pulmonale.

30. Occurrence-battery industries,ship
building,printing& potteries,rubber industry &
automobiles.
Mode of absorption-inhalation
ingesion
absorption through skin
C/F-abdominal colic,anemia,basophilic
stipulation,blue line on gums,mental confusion
and delirium.
Diagnosis-coproporphyrin& aminolevulinic
acid in urine and lead level in blood& urine.

31.  SKIN CANCER
 LUNG CANCER
 BLADDER CANCER
 LEUKEMIA

32. Human factors- age
sex
time
experience
psychological factors
Environmental factors-noise
poor illumination
unsafe machines

34. 1.PRE-PLACEMENT EXAMINATION
2.PERIODICAL EXAMINATION
3.MEDICAL AND HEALTH CARE SERVICES
4.NOTIFICATION
5.MAINTENANCE & ANALYSIS OF RECORDS
6.HEALTH EDUCATION & COUNSELLING

35. 1.DESIGN OF BUILDING
2.GOOD HOUSE-KEEPING
3.GOOD VENTILATION
4.SUBSTITUTION
5.ISOLATION
6.LOCAL EXAUST VENTILATION
7.CONTROL OF DUSTS
8.PROTECTIVE DEVICES

36. Factories act(1948):
 Health,safety,welfare
 Employment of young
 Hours of work
 Leave with wages
 Notifible diseases
 Employment in hazardous area

37.  MEDICAL BENEFIT
 SICKNESS BENEFIT
 MATERNITY BENEFIT
 DISABLEMENT BENEFIT
 DEPENDANT’S BENEFIT
 FUNERAL EXPENSES
 REHABITILATION