Cerebrovascular disease

1. Diseases of nose and
paranasal sinuses

3. 1) the respiratory function
2) the olfactory function
3) the resonance function
4) nasal reflex functions
Physiology of nose and paranasal
sinuses

19. Traumatic injuries: (open and closed)
The clinical picture:
Nasal haemorrhage, appearance of pains
in this area, a deformity of the external
nose, a haemorrhage into the friable fatty
tissue of the orbit (“spectacles”) and
difficult nasal breathing.
Diagnosis: palpation, x-ray, radiography.
Diseases of the external nose

28. Clinically
Pains in the area of the vestibule
and the nose tip
Swelling of the tissues in the
vestibule of the nose, upper lip
Oedema of the eyelids
Elev.of the body temper up to 39 C
chills
A nasal furuncle

29. Invasion of a staphylococcus into
a hair follicle, sebaseous glands
It rapidly infiltrates the soft
tissues
Results in thrombosis of
the veins
Pathogenesis of complications

30. The facial veins have ho
valves and are connected
with the cavernous sinus
Thrombosis of cavernous
sinus
Development of
rhinogenous sepsis or
meningitis

31. Classification of rhinitis
1 acute rhinitis
2 chronic rhinitis-
catarral(simple), hypertrophic
(true and false), atrophic, coryza
foetida (ozena), vasomotor
rhinitides ( allergic and
neuroautonomic)
Diseases of the nasal mucosa

58. Acute and chronic
inflammatory diseases
of paranasal sinuses

59. The inflammatory process in the sinuses
is interpreted as sinusitis. Depending
upon the fact which of the sinuses is
affected sinusititides have their concrete
names
-inflam. of the maxillary sinus-maxillitis
-inflam. of the ethmoidal-ethmoiditis
-Inflam. of the frontal sinus-frontal
sinusitis
-Inflam. of the sphenoid sinus-
sphenoiditis

60. The pathologoanatomic picture of
changes in the sinus makes it
possible to isolate the following
kinds of inflammation-catarrhal,
purulent, hemorrhagic, necrotic

61. Elevation of the body temperat. up to 38-39
Headache
Loss of appetite and sleep
Tension and pains in the area of the sinus
affected
Unilateral or bilateral disturbance of the
nasal breathing
Appearance of some discharge from the nose
Clinical features

62. A change in the voice
Affected olfaction
Photophobia and lacrimation
Oedema of the eyelids (upper
eyelids – frontal sinusitis, lower
eyelids – maxillitis, both –
ethmoiditis or pansinusitis )

63. Diseases of the teeth
Disruption of the drainage
function of the sinuses
Injuring of the sinus when it is
infected from outside
A change in the general
immunological reactivity
Chronic sinusitis, etiology

64. exudative
catarrhal
purulent
serous
productive
Parieto-hyperplastic
polypous
atrophic
cholesteatomic
necrotic
classification

65. 1 anamnesis
2 anterior and posterior rhinoscopy
3 diaphanoscopy
4 X-ray examination
5 an exploratory puncture
6 CT, MRI
The diagnosis

66. local ( mucocele of paranasal
sinuses, osteomyelitis)
Orbital ( inflammatory oedema of
lids, subperiosteal abscess, orbital
abscess)
Intracranial ( meningitis,
extradural abscess, subdural
abscess, brain abscess, cavernous
sinus thrombosis)
Complications

67. Conservative
- antibiotics
- desensitizing drugs – antihistamine
- vasoconstricting drugs into the nose
 - physiotherapy
Surgical
- antral lavage
- trephination of frontal sinus
 - endoscopic surgery
Treatment