Fate of embryonic layers and structures develope from it. Embryonic layers ectoderm mesoderm and endoderm form different structures during embryonic development.
How 3 germ layers are formed in Chick that are endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.As Chick are polylecithal so cell movements are somewhat restricted and gastrulation is modified as compared to frog.
Polyspermy describes an egg that has been fertilized by more than one sperm. Diploid organisms normally contain two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent. The cell resulting from polyspermy
The first issue that an egg and a sperm of any organism type face in successfully producing an embryo is the possibility of polyspermy. Polyspermy is the fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm, and the results of such unions are lethal.
If multiple sperm fertilize an egg, the embryo inherits multiple paternal centrioles. This causes competition for extra chromosomes and results in the disruption of the creation of the cleavage furrow, thus causing the zygote to die. As an important model organism in the study of fertilization and embryonic development, polyspermy in sea urchins has been studied in detail. The sea urchin’s methods of polyspermy prevention have been broken down into two main pathways. These two primary pathways are known as the fast block and the slow block to polyspermy
After the sperm’s receptors come into contact with the egg’s jelly layer and the acrosomal enzymes are released and break down the jelly layer, the sperm head comes into contact with the vitelline and plasma membranes of the egg. When the two plasma membranes contact one another, signals in the egg are initiated.
First, Na+ channels in the egg open, allowing Na+ to flood into the egg. This causes a depolarization of the egg from it’s normal resting potential of -70 mV.
While depolarization is occurring, the remainder of the jelly layer is dissolving. With the dissolution of the jelly layer and the depolarization of the plasma membrane, the first block to preventing fertilization by multiple sperm is put into place.
These two simple changes are part of the first block to polyspermy, known as the fast block. Within 1/10th of a second of contact, the fast block t
presentation on oogenesis of fertilisation process full details about it u will never find it anywhere else have full details about the ovum formation polar bodies and everything . so explore here
1. DEFINITION
These are the membranes which do not form any part of
the embryo proper but performs various functions which
assist in the development of the embryo . These are
discarded at the time of hatching. These membranes
formed outside the embryo.
2. Types of Extra Embryonic Membranes
Yolk Sac
Amnion
Chorion
Allantois
3.Discussed Their
At Time of ORIGIN
It's FUNCTION
After HATCHING
4. AMNIOTIC CAVITY
............................END......................................................
How 3 germ layers are formed in Chick that are endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.As Chick are polylecithal so cell movements are somewhat restricted and gastrulation is modified as compared to frog.
Polyspermy describes an egg that has been fertilized by more than one sperm. Diploid organisms normally contain two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent. The cell resulting from polyspermy
The first issue that an egg and a sperm of any organism type face in successfully producing an embryo is the possibility of polyspermy. Polyspermy is the fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm, and the results of such unions are lethal.
If multiple sperm fertilize an egg, the embryo inherits multiple paternal centrioles. This causes competition for extra chromosomes and results in the disruption of the creation of the cleavage furrow, thus causing the zygote to die. As an important model organism in the study of fertilization and embryonic development, polyspermy in sea urchins has been studied in detail. The sea urchin’s methods of polyspermy prevention have been broken down into two main pathways. These two primary pathways are known as the fast block and the slow block to polyspermy
After the sperm’s receptors come into contact with the egg’s jelly layer and the acrosomal enzymes are released and break down the jelly layer, the sperm head comes into contact with the vitelline and plasma membranes of the egg. When the two plasma membranes contact one another, signals in the egg are initiated.
First, Na+ channels in the egg open, allowing Na+ to flood into the egg. This causes a depolarization of the egg from it’s normal resting potential of -70 mV.
While depolarization is occurring, the remainder of the jelly layer is dissolving. With the dissolution of the jelly layer and the depolarization of the plasma membrane, the first block to preventing fertilization by multiple sperm is put into place.
These two simple changes are part of the first block to polyspermy, known as the fast block. Within 1/10th of a second of contact, the fast block t
presentation on oogenesis of fertilisation process full details about it u will never find it anywhere else have full details about the ovum formation polar bodies and everything . so explore here
1. DEFINITION
These are the membranes which do not form any part of
the embryo proper but performs various functions which
assist in the development of the embryo . These are
discarded at the time of hatching. These membranes
formed outside the embryo.
2. Types of Extra Embryonic Membranes
Yolk Sac
Amnion
Chorion
Allantois
3.Discussed Their
At Time of ORIGIN
It's FUNCTION
After HATCHING
4. AMNIOTIC CAVITY
............................END......................................................
Neurulation, Formation of Nervous System.pptxInshaPervaiz
Neurulation is the process by which the neural tube forms in the embryo. It is a critical stage in the development of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord.
Here are the key points about neurulation:
1. *Neural plate formation*: The neural plate is a flat sheet of cells that forms from the ectoderm layer of the embryo.
2. *Folding and invagination*: The neural plate folds inwards to form a groove, which then deepens and closes to form a tube.
3. *Neural tube formation*: The neural tube is formed by the fusion of the neural folds.
4. *Closure of the neural tube*: The neural tube closes at both ends, forming the anterior (head) and posterior (spinal cord) neuropores.
5. *Brain and spinal cord development*: The neural tube differentiates into the brain and spinal cord.
Neurulation occurs around 3-4 weeks after fertilization and is a complex process that involves the coordination of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Abnormalities in neurulation can lead to neural tube defects (NTDs), such as spina bifida and anencephaly, which are birth defects that affect the CNS.
Here are some key terms related to neurulation:
- *Neural plate*: A flat sheet of cells that forms from the ectoderm layer of the embryo.
- *Neural fold*: A fold in the neural plate that forms during neurulation.
- *Neural groove*: A groove that forms in the neural plate during neurulation.
- *Neural tube*: A tube formed by the fusion of the neural folds.
- *Neuropore*: An opening at either end of the neural tube.
- *Neural crest*: A group of cells that form from the neural tube and migrate to other parts of the embryo to form various tissues.
This is a slide for complete development in chick ,as chick is a vertebrate so with the help of the development in a chick we can we can understand development in vertebrates .
This topic explains the whole process of growth and development in animal the processes include
Fertilization and incubation
Cleavage
Morula
Blastula
Gastrulation
Notochord And Mesoderm Formation
Neurulation
Order hemiptera and their generalized and specialized characteristics. Their Anatomy physiology habit habitat about food reproduction where they live. Aphids cicades hoppers with diagrams. Leaf hoppers bed bugs water bugs.
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Evolutionary tree or physlogenetic tree and it's types like rooted and unrooted labeled or unlabelled. How to construct physlogenetic tree and limitations of physlogenetic tree.
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Fate of embryonic layers and structures develope from them
1. Fate of embryonic layers and
structures developed from it
Nizad sultana ch
Department of zoology
Faculty of science
University of Gujrat
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Establishing the neural cell
• Neural cell becomes specified through their interaction with other cells there
are four stages through which pluripotent cells of blastula become
neuroblasts.
• Competence where multipotent cell become neuroblasts if they are exposed
to appropriate signals.
• Specification where cell have received appropriate signal to become
neuroblasts but neural differentiation pathway can still be repressed.
• Commitment where in neuroblasts enter neural differentiation pathway and
will become neurons even in presence of inhibitory signal.
• Differenciation wherein neuroblasts leave mitotic cycle and express gene
characters of neurons.
8.
9. Formation of neural tube
• There are two major of converting neural plate into neural tube.
• Primary neurulation
• Neural plate cell proliferate invaginate and pinch off from surface to
form hollow tube.
• Secondary neurulation
• Neural tube arise from coalescence of mesenchyme cells into solid
cord that form cavity that coalescence to create a hollow tube.
10. Primary neurulation
• Primary neurulation divide original ectoderm into three sets of cell
• Neural tube which will form brain and spinal cord.
• Externally positioned epidermis of skin.
• Neural crest cell form in region that connects neural tube and
epidermis but they will migrate into new place where they will form
neuron and ganglia pigment cell of skin.
11. Neurulation in amphibian
• Shortly after neural plate formed it’s edges thickens and move
upward to form neural fold.
• U-shaped neural groove apears in center of plate dividing future right
and lest side of embryo.
• Neural fold migrate towards midline fuses to form neural tube
beneath ectoderm.
• Cells at dorsal most portion of neural tube.
12.
13. Four steps in primary neurulation
• Formation and folding of neural plate
• Shaping and elevation of neural plate
• Convergence of neural folds creating a neural groove
• Closure of neural groove to form neural tube
14.
15.
16. Differentiation of Neural tube 4-5 weak
• Neural tube and it’s lumen bulge and constrict to form chambers of
brain and spinal cord.
• Neuroepethelial cell differenciate to form to numerous type of cell
nerve cells.
• Anterior portion of tube undergo drastic changes balloons to form
forebrain midbrain and hindbrain
• Posterior of neural tube closes secondary bulge the optic vesicle
which will become rating extended laterally from each side of
developing forebrain.
17.
18. • Telencephlon will eventually form cerebral hemisphere.
• Diencephalon will form optic vesicles as well thalamus and
hypothalamus
• Mesencephalon does not become subdivided it’s lumen become
cerebral aqueduct
• Hindbrain(rhombencephalon) become subdivided into posterior
myelencephalan that become medula oblongata. And
metencephalon give rise to cerebellum part that is associated with
coordinating movements posture and balance.
19. Differenciation of neurons in brain
• Human brain consists of 36 billion neurons Associated with gangalin
cells.
• Neuroepethelial cell give rise to three type of cells.
• First Ventricular cells release cerebrospinal fluid.
• Second Precursors of neurons conduct electrical signal and
coordinate our body functions Our sensation of world.
• Third they give rise to precursors of glial cell that add in construction
of nervous system.
20. Spinal cord organization
• Cell adjacent to lumen continue to divide.
• Migrating cells form second layer around original tube.
• This layer become thicker to form mental zone.
• Germinal epithelium is now called as ventricular zone.
• Three zone pattern of spinal cord is as follows
• Gray matter (mantle) gradually become butterfly shape structure
surrounded by white matter both encased in connective tissue.
• Logitudinal groove form dorsal and ventral half.
21.
22.
23.
24. Development of vertebrate eye 4-
• Major sensory organs of head developed by interaction of neural tube
with with cranial ectoderm placoid.
• Two placoid form form olfactory placoid.
• Two form otic placoid that invaginate to form inner ear labriyanth
which cells form acoustic ganglia that unable us to hear.
• Lens placoid form transparent lens that allow light to impringe on
rating.
• Interaction between lens placoid and ratina structure form complex
organ.
25.
26. Origin of epidermis
• Epidermis originate from ectodermal cells.
• Ectoderm is induce to form epidermis by action of BMPs.
• Epidermis is only one cell layer thick but in some animals it becomes
two layered structure.
• Outer layer give rise to periderm it then differenciate to form true
epidermis.
• Inner layer called basal layer or stratum germinativum.
• Cell division form younger cells and pushes older cell to border of
skin.
27.
28.
29. Mesoderm
• Central tissue in region of trunk mesoderm will form Notochord.
• Flaking Notochord on both side is somite mesoderm.
• cells from somitic mesoderm will form Muscle and connective tissue.
• Intermediate region form urogenetial system kidney, gonads and
associated organs.
• Lateral plate mesoderm give rise to heart blood vessels blood cells of
circulatory system.
30.
31. Roll of proteins
• Two proteins have critical role for formation of somite and it’s
separation from mesoderm.
• Eph A4 and Eph tyrosine kinase proteins.
• Somite form cervical vertebrae of neck and lumber vertebrae of
abdomen.
• Somite forming thoracis vertebrae form ribs.
• Myf5 and MyoD proteins involves in formation of muscles.
• Runx2 transcription factor involve in ossification.
• Glial derived Neuro trophic factor in formation of metanephric kidney.
32.
33. Progression of kidney type
• Mamalian kidney developer through three major steps.
• Pronephric duct arises in intermediate mesoderm
• Cell of duct migrate caudally.
• Anterior region of duct induce mesenchyme cells to form
pronephrous of kidney.
• Metanephric kidney of mamals is by interaction of intermediate
mesodermal tissues.
• Ureteric bud (secrete WNT9 and WNT6)
• Metanephric mesenchyme
37. Heart development
• Heart progenitor cells are located in two small patches on epiblast
close to primitive streak.
• These cells migrate two type of cells formed:-
• Conus arteriosus
• truncus arteriosus
• That will form base of aorta and pulmonary artery and right ventricle
these cells present medially close to primitive streak.
• These cells are specified but not determined.
38.
39. • Heart development (also known as cardiogenesis) refers to
the prenatal development of the heart.
• This begins with the formation of two endocardial tubes which
merge to form the tubular heart, also called the primitive heart
tube.
• The heart is the first functional organ in vertebrate embryos,
and in the human, beats spontaneously by week 4
of development
40.
41.
42.
43. Formation of gut from endoderm
• Mamalian Embryo form pharyngeal pouches.
• first pair of pharyngeal pouch will form auditary cavity.
• second pair will form tonsils
• Third pair will form thymus and parathyroid gland.
• Fourth Other pair of parathyroid gland.
• Pocket of endoderm mesenchyme Bud off and migrate into neck to
form thyroid gland
• Respiratory tube sprouts to from pharyngeal Floor to form lungs.