Fair Test
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•2,865 views
This document discusses what constitutes a fair test in a science experiment. It provides two examples, one that is not a fair test and one that is. The first example compares the speed of two cars going down a slope but gives one car a push for a head start, violating the principle of changing only one factor at a time. The second example plants seeds in pots with varying soil and fertilizer but ensures all other conditions are equal, making it a fair test. A fair test requires keeping all conditions the same except for the one factor being examined.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Transfer of heat: Conduction & Convection - Class 7
Heat is transferred in three ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of heat between objects in direct contact through particle collisions without particle movement. Good conductors like metals easily conduct heat, while insulators like plastics and wood do not. Convection refers to the transfer of heat by the circulation of fluids like air and water, where heated parts become less dense and rise, and colder, denser parts take their place, circulating heat. Examples are convection currents in air above a candle and in water.
Properties of Mixtures and Pure Substances
Matter can be classifies as a pure substance or mixture. They differ based from their properties and arrangement of particles.
Biological levels of organization for Grade 7
The document discusses the levels of organization in biology from the smallest to largest. It begins with cells, which are the basic unit of life, and discusses tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, ecosystems, and finally the biosphere. Key characteristics of life are also defined, including being composed of cells, reproduction, growth and development, obtaining and using energy through metabolism, responding to the environment through homeostasis, having DNA as the universal genetic code, and evolving through adaptation.
Elements and compounds grade 7 (first quarter)
Elements are substances that cannot be broken down further and are made of only one type of atom. There are currently 118 known elements, many of which are represented by chemical symbols. Compounds are formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together and have properties different from their constituent elements. The periodic table arranges the elements in order of atomic number and provides information about each element. Hydrogen and oxygen are the most abundant elements in the universe and on Earth, while carbon and other elements make up living things and common substances.
SCIENCE7: Components of Scientific Investigation
This will really help students in knowing Components of Scientific Method. It has examples, explanations, exercises and activities.
Elements and Compounds
- Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down further without losing their identity, and there are currently 118 known elements, with 88 occurring naturally.
- In the universe, hydrogen makes up 75% and helium 20%, while on Earth oxygen is the most abundant element in the crust at 46.6% and silicon is second most at 27.7%.
- Compounds are pure substances made of two or more chemically bonded elements, with properties different from the individual elements, and can be represented by chemical formulas showing the elements and their ratios.
Heat (grade 8)
“HEAT”
Heat is a form of energy that flows from warmer bodies to colder bodies.
It is viewed as a form of energy that is transferred from one body to another due to a difference in temperature.
The SI unit of heat is joule (J).
Common unit of heat is calorie.
CALORIE the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of one gram of water from the pressure of the atmosphere.
TEMPERATURE
LAYMAN’S TERM
- It is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
Molecular level
- A measure of the average kinetic energy of these molecules.
Based from our sensory experiences:
“Can we use our senses to determine temperature?”
THERMOMETER
TYPES OF THERMOMETER
The most common type of the thermometer.
THERMOCOUPLE
-two different metals (usually copper and iron) that are twisted together
INFRARED THERMOGRAMS
-a device (camera) that measures the amount of radiant energy given off by an object
TEMPERATURE SCALES
TEMPERATURE SCALES
Recommended
Transfer of heat: Conduction & Convection - Class 7
Heat is transferred in three ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of heat between objects in direct contact through particle collisions without particle movement. Good conductors like metals easily conduct heat, while insulators like plastics and wood do not. Convection refers to the transfer of heat by the circulation of fluids like air and water, where heated parts become less dense and rise, and colder, denser parts take their place, circulating heat. Examples are convection currents in air above a candle and in water.
Properties of Mixtures and Pure Substances
Matter can be classifies as a pure substance or mixture. They differ based from their properties and arrangement of particles.
Biological levels of organization for Grade 7
The document discusses the levels of organization in biology from the smallest to largest. It begins with cells, which are the basic unit of life, and discusses tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, ecosystems, and finally the biosphere. Key characteristics of life are also defined, including being composed of cells, reproduction, growth and development, obtaining and using energy through metabolism, responding to the environment through homeostasis, having DNA as the universal genetic code, and evolving through adaptation.
Elements and compounds grade 7 (first quarter)
Elements are substances that cannot be broken down further and are made of only one type of atom. There are currently 118 known elements, many of which are represented by chemical symbols. Compounds are formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together and have properties different from their constituent elements. The periodic table arranges the elements in order of atomic number and provides information about each element. Hydrogen and oxygen are the most abundant elements in the universe and on Earth, while carbon and other elements make up living things and common substances.
SCIENCE7: Components of Scientific Investigation
This will really help students in knowing Components of Scientific Method. It has examples, explanations, exercises and activities.
Elements and Compounds
- Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down further without losing their identity, and there are currently 118 known elements, with 88 occurring naturally.
- In the universe, hydrogen makes up 75% and helium 20%, while on Earth oxygen is the most abundant element in the crust at 46.6% and silicon is second most at 27.7%.
- Compounds are pure substances made of two or more chemically bonded elements, with properties different from the individual elements, and can be represented by chemical formulas showing the elements and their ratios.
Heat (grade 8)
“HEAT”
Heat is a form of energy that flows from warmer bodies to colder bodies.
It is viewed as a form of energy that is transferred from one body to another due to a difference in temperature.
The SI unit of heat is joule (J).
Common unit of heat is calorie.
CALORIE the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of one gram of water from the pressure of the atmosphere.
TEMPERATURE
LAYMAN’S TERM
- It is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
Molecular level
- A measure of the average kinetic energy of these molecules.
Based from our sensory experiences:
“Can we use our senses to determine temperature?”
THERMOMETER
TYPES OF THERMOMETER
The most common type of the thermometer.
THERMOCOUPLE
-two different metals (usually copper and iron) that are twisted together
INFRARED THERMOGRAMS
-a device (camera) that measures the amount of radiant energy given off by an object
TEMPERATURE SCALES
TEMPERATURE SCALES
Properties of Matter (7th grade)
This document provides an introduction to concepts of matter and chemistry. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and discusses the properties of atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures, and various physical and chemical properties of substances. Key topics covered include the differences between elements and compounds, and between physical and chemical changes. The document is presented as teaching notes for a chemistry course.
Fair tests
The document discusses the key variables in a fair experiment: the independent variable that is changed, the dependent variable that is measured as a result, and the control variables that are kept the same. Specifically:
- The independent variable is what is deliberately changed, such as the amount of water given to plants.
- The dependent variable is what is measured as a result of changing the independent variable, such as the growth of the plants.
- Control variables are kept the same between trials, like the amount of sunlight, type of pot, and potting mix used for the plants.
SCIENCE7: Concentrations of a Solution
This will really help students in knowing Concentration of Solution. It has examples, explanations, exercises and activities.
Solution, Solute and Solvent Grade 7
A solution is a mixture of two or more substances, with a solvent dissolving a solute. Water is an example of a common solvent that can dissolve soluble solutes like sugar, salt, and coffee. There are two types of solutes - soluble substances that can dissolve in water, and insoluble substances that cannot dissolve in water and remain as particles, like sand, paper, oil, and rubber. Students are assigned to make a list of at least 10 soluble and 10 insoluble substances found in their house.
Levels of organization
1. The document discusses the different levels of biological organization from atoms to the biosphere.
2. It provides descriptions and examples for each level, from the smallest levels of atoms and molecules, to organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere.
3. The levels of organization show how simple structures combine to form more complex living things, with implications that harm at one level can affect higher levels of organization.
Ecological relationships
This document discusses ecological relationships between organisms in a forest reserve. It defines key terms like symbiosis, trophic levels, and food chains. The goal is to have students name plant and animal species in the forest, and identify an ecological relationship between two species that promotes a healthy environment. Students will learn about different types of symbiotic relationships like mutualism and how energy is transferred between trophic levels in a food chain.
Grade 8 Forces Presentation
The document summarizes key concepts about forces and motion from a grade 8 science textbook. It discusses Aristotle's early theories of motion, which proposed that objects naturally move in circles and at constant speeds. It then covers Galileo and Newton's discoveries that disproved Aristotle, including that all objects accelerate at the same rate when falling and that forces cause accelerations described by Newton's Three Laws of Motion. The document also explains the difference between mass and weight, and how to calculate weight on different planets using gravitational acceleration.
Biotic & Abiotic Factors + Biomes (Grade 7)
Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment. Organisms are affected by biotic factors like other living things as well as abiotic factors like temperature, sunlight, and rocks that are non-living. A biome is a large geographic region defined by the plants and animals living there. There are two main types of biomes - terrestrial biomes like tropical forests, tundras, and deserts, as well as aquatic biomes including freshwater ecosystems like lakes and rivers, and marine ecosystems like coral reefs and oceans. Biomes provide habitat for many interconnected species but are threatened by human impacts like climate change and habitat destruction.
Speed and velocity
Speed refers to how fast an object moves over a period of time, while velocity also considers the direction of motion. When describing storms, forecasters provide both the speed and direction it is moving, as well as the circular speed of the winds. The circular wind speed determines the storm's strength. Instantaneous speed refers to an object's speed at a single moment, while average speed considers the total distance and time over multiple moments. Motion is considered constant if the instantaneous speed remains the same over time.
Science 7 - Describing Motion
This document defines and explains key concepts related to motion, including:
- Motion is defined as a change in position over time. A point of reference is used to measure an object's changing position.
- Displacement refers to the straight line distance and direction between two positions, while distance is the total path traveled.
- Speed is defined as distance divided by time and can be measured in units like km/h or m/s. Speed with direction is called velocity.
- Instantaneous speed is an object's speed at a moment in time, which may vary, while average speed represents the speed over the entire journey. Constant speed means the instantaneous speed does not change.
- A
Periodic Table of Elements Grade 7 1st Quarter
This document provides instructions for an activity to familiarize students with the periodic table. It asks students to complete a table by identifying the symbols for various elements using their periodic table. It also asks students to identify the group number each element belongs to. The objectives are for students to demonstrate familiarity with the layout of the periodic table, recognize information about elements, and identify element group numbers. Students are directed to write the activity name and date in their notebook before answering questions using their periodic table to identify element symbols and group numbers.
COT Grade 7 Biotic and Abiotic Components of Ecosystem
This document outlines a lesson plan on biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem. The objectives are to differentiate between biotic and abiotic components, give examples of each, and discuss their relationship and importance. There are several classroom activities, including identifying characteristics of living vs non-living things, explaining relationships between example biotic and abiotic factors, and a discussion of how pollution affects the ecosystem relationship. A take-home assignment involves reading about plastic pollution's effects on Philippine rivers and river life.
SCIENCE7:Types of Solutions
This will really help students in knowing Types of Solutions. It has examples, explanations, exercises and activities.
Constellations powerpoint
The document provides an introduction to constellations visible in the night sky, including how to find them and their histories. It begins by explaining how people have observed patterns in the stars for millennia and then describes how to start identifying constellations such as the Big Dipper and Polaris. The rest of the document discusses specific constellations like Orion's Belt, Ursa Major, and zodiac signs including Taurus and Pisces. Brief summaries are given about the mythology and stories associated with each constellation.
Classifications of Matter
This document defines the classification of matter. There are two main categories: pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances include elements, which are made of only one type of atom, and compounds, which are two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures contain two or more pure substances mixed together without chemical bonding. Mixtures can be either heterogeneous, where the parts can be seen, or homogeneous, where the parts cannot be seen. Heterogeneous mixtures are less pure than homogeneous mixtures.
Speed - Physics- Grade 7
Speed is a measure of the distance covered by an object in a certain time, usually measured in m/s and km/h. There are several ways to measure speed, including using a speedometer, speed trap gun, stopwatch, and light gates. A distance/time graph can also be used, where the slope of the line represents speed - a constant slope means constant speed, an increasing slope means increasing speed, and a decreasing slope means decreasing speed. Several land speed records have been set by drivers trying to beat previous top speeds between two markers.
Chap 3 locating places
1. The document discusses latitude and longitude lines on Earth and how they are used to locate places. It provides details on the prime meridian, equator, tropics, polar circles and how to write latitude and longitude coordinates.
2. Methods for determining distances between locations and solving problems involving latitude, longitude, time zones and universal time are presented.
3. Information is given on sidereal and solar days, time zone conversions, and examples of solving problems involving time differences around the world.
Weather instruments
Westly Whithers, a meteorologist, introduces the tools used to study and measure weather conditions. He explains that as a meteorologist he went to school to learn how to use instruments like a thermometer, barometer, anemometer, weather vane, rain gauge to measure air temperature, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation. He quizzes the viewer on identifying the instruments and their purposes before concluding that learning about weather can be fun.
Photosynthesis introduction for Advanced Biology 9th grade
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil into glucose and oxygen. It occurs in two stages: in the light reactions, light energy, water, and carbon dioxide are used to produce ATP, NADPH, and oxygen; and in the Calvin cycle, ATP, NADPH, and carbon dioxide are used to produce glucose.
Module 2 atom inside out (grade 8)
J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through his cathode ray experiment and proposed the "plum pudding" model of the atom in 1904. Later experiments provided evidence that atoms are made of even smaller subatomic particles. In the 1910s, Rutherford discovered the nucleus through his gold foil experiment and proposed a nuclear model of the atom. In 1932, Chadwick discovered the neutron through experiments bombarding beryllium with alpha particles. Atoms are now understood to have a small, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbit.
Chapter 1 Slides
This document discusses measurement in chemistry, including units and apparatus used to measure mass, volume, temperature, and time. It describes common laboratory tools like balances, measuring cylinders, burettes, pipettes, thermometers, and stopwatches that are used to measure the mass of substances, volumes of liquids and gases, temperature of substances, and time taken for reactions according to standard SI units. The objectives are to name appropriate measurement apparatus and suggest suitable equipment for simple experiments involving collection of gases.
Chemistry equipment slides
This document lists and describes common laboratory equipment including tools for crushing and grinding solids like mortar and pestles, containers for holding liquids and solutions such as test tubes, Erlenmeyer flasks and beakers, supports for holding equipment over heat sources like ring stands, and tools for transferring, measuring and cleaning liquids including pipettes, graduated cylinders, and test tube brushes.
More Related Content
What's hot
Properties of Matter (7th grade)
This document provides an introduction to concepts of matter and chemistry. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and discusses the properties of atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures, and various physical and chemical properties of substances. Key topics covered include the differences between elements and compounds, and between physical and chemical changes. The document is presented as teaching notes for a chemistry course.
Fair tests
The document discusses the key variables in a fair experiment: the independent variable that is changed, the dependent variable that is measured as a result, and the control variables that are kept the same. Specifically:
- The independent variable is what is deliberately changed, such as the amount of water given to plants.
- The dependent variable is what is measured as a result of changing the independent variable, such as the growth of the plants.
- Control variables are kept the same between trials, like the amount of sunlight, type of pot, and potting mix used for the plants.
SCIENCE7: Concentrations of a Solution
This will really help students in knowing Concentration of Solution. It has examples, explanations, exercises and activities.
Solution, Solute and Solvent Grade 7
A solution is a mixture of two or more substances, with a solvent dissolving a solute. Water is an example of a common solvent that can dissolve soluble solutes like sugar, salt, and coffee. There are two types of solutes - soluble substances that can dissolve in water, and insoluble substances that cannot dissolve in water and remain as particles, like sand, paper, oil, and rubber. Students are assigned to make a list of at least 10 soluble and 10 insoluble substances found in their house.
Levels of organization
1. The document discusses the different levels of biological organization from atoms to the biosphere.
2. It provides descriptions and examples for each level, from the smallest levels of atoms and molecules, to organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere.
3. The levels of organization show how simple structures combine to form more complex living things, with implications that harm at one level can affect higher levels of organization.
Ecological relationships
This document discusses ecological relationships between organisms in a forest reserve. It defines key terms like symbiosis, trophic levels, and food chains. The goal is to have students name plant and animal species in the forest, and identify an ecological relationship between two species that promotes a healthy environment. Students will learn about different types of symbiotic relationships like mutualism and how energy is transferred between trophic levels in a food chain.
Grade 8 Forces Presentation
The document summarizes key concepts about forces and motion from a grade 8 science textbook. It discusses Aristotle's early theories of motion, which proposed that objects naturally move in circles and at constant speeds. It then covers Galileo and Newton's discoveries that disproved Aristotle, including that all objects accelerate at the same rate when falling and that forces cause accelerations described by Newton's Three Laws of Motion. The document also explains the difference between mass and weight, and how to calculate weight on different planets using gravitational acceleration.
Biotic & Abiotic Factors + Biomes (Grade 7)
Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment. Organisms are affected by biotic factors like other living things as well as abiotic factors like temperature, sunlight, and rocks that are non-living. A biome is a large geographic region defined by the plants and animals living there. There are two main types of biomes - terrestrial biomes like tropical forests, tundras, and deserts, as well as aquatic biomes including freshwater ecosystems like lakes and rivers, and marine ecosystems like coral reefs and oceans. Biomes provide habitat for many interconnected species but are threatened by human impacts like climate change and habitat destruction.
Speed and velocity
Speed refers to how fast an object moves over a period of time, while velocity also considers the direction of motion. When describing storms, forecasters provide both the speed and direction it is moving, as well as the circular speed of the winds. The circular wind speed determines the storm's strength. Instantaneous speed refers to an object's speed at a single moment, while average speed considers the total distance and time over multiple moments. Motion is considered constant if the instantaneous speed remains the same over time.
Science 7 - Describing Motion
This document defines and explains key concepts related to motion, including:
- Motion is defined as a change in position over time. A point of reference is used to measure an object's changing position.
- Displacement refers to the straight line distance and direction between two positions, while distance is the total path traveled.
- Speed is defined as distance divided by time and can be measured in units like km/h or m/s. Speed with direction is called velocity.
- Instantaneous speed is an object's speed at a moment in time, which may vary, while average speed represents the speed over the entire journey. Constant speed means the instantaneous speed does not change.
- A
Periodic Table of Elements Grade 7 1st Quarter
This document provides instructions for an activity to familiarize students with the periodic table. It asks students to complete a table by identifying the symbols for various elements using their periodic table. It also asks students to identify the group number each element belongs to. The objectives are for students to demonstrate familiarity with the layout of the periodic table, recognize information about elements, and identify element group numbers. Students are directed to write the activity name and date in their notebook before answering questions using their periodic table to identify element symbols and group numbers.
COT Grade 7 Biotic and Abiotic Components of Ecosystem
This document outlines a lesson plan on biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem. The objectives are to differentiate between biotic and abiotic components, give examples of each, and discuss their relationship and importance. There are several classroom activities, including identifying characteristics of living vs non-living things, explaining relationships between example biotic and abiotic factors, and a discussion of how pollution affects the ecosystem relationship. A take-home assignment involves reading about plastic pollution's effects on Philippine rivers and river life.
SCIENCE7:Types of Solutions
This will really help students in knowing Types of Solutions. It has examples, explanations, exercises and activities.
Constellations powerpoint
The document provides an introduction to constellations visible in the night sky, including how to find them and their histories. It begins by explaining how people have observed patterns in the stars for millennia and then describes how to start identifying constellations such as the Big Dipper and Polaris. The rest of the document discusses specific constellations like Orion's Belt, Ursa Major, and zodiac signs including Taurus and Pisces. Brief summaries are given about the mythology and stories associated with each constellation.
Classifications of Matter
This document defines the classification of matter. There are two main categories: pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances include elements, which are made of only one type of atom, and compounds, which are two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures contain two or more pure substances mixed together without chemical bonding. Mixtures can be either heterogeneous, where the parts can be seen, or homogeneous, where the parts cannot be seen. Heterogeneous mixtures are less pure than homogeneous mixtures.
Speed - Physics- Grade 7
Speed is a measure of the distance covered by an object in a certain time, usually measured in m/s and km/h. There are several ways to measure speed, including using a speedometer, speed trap gun, stopwatch, and light gates. A distance/time graph can also be used, where the slope of the line represents speed - a constant slope means constant speed, an increasing slope means increasing speed, and a decreasing slope means decreasing speed. Several land speed records have been set by drivers trying to beat previous top speeds between two markers.
Chap 3 locating places
1. The document discusses latitude and longitude lines on Earth and how they are used to locate places. It provides details on the prime meridian, equator, tropics, polar circles and how to write latitude and longitude coordinates.
2. Methods for determining distances between locations and solving problems involving latitude, longitude, time zones and universal time are presented.
3. Information is given on sidereal and solar days, time zone conversions, and examples of solving problems involving time differences around the world.
Weather instruments
Westly Whithers, a meteorologist, introduces the tools used to study and measure weather conditions. He explains that as a meteorologist he went to school to learn how to use instruments like a thermometer, barometer, anemometer, weather vane, rain gauge to measure air temperature, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation. He quizzes the viewer on identifying the instruments and their purposes before concluding that learning about weather can be fun.
Photosynthesis introduction for Advanced Biology 9th grade
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil into glucose and oxygen. It occurs in two stages: in the light reactions, light energy, water, and carbon dioxide are used to produce ATP, NADPH, and oxygen; and in the Calvin cycle, ATP, NADPH, and carbon dioxide are used to produce glucose.
Module 2 atom inside out (grade 8)
J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through his cathode ray experiment and proposed the "plum pudding" model of the atom in 1904. Later experiments provided evidence that atoms are made of even smaller subatomic particles. In the 1910s, Rutherford discovered the nucleus through his gold foil experiment and proposed a nuclear model of the atom. In 1932, Chadwick discovered the neutron through experiments bombarding beryllium with alpha particles. Atoms are now understood to have a small, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbit.
What's hot (20)
COT Grade 7 Biotic and Abiotic Components of Ecosystem
COT Grade 7 Biotic and Abiotic Components of Ecosystem
Photosynthesis introduction for Advanced Biology 9th grade
Photosynthesis introduction for Advanced Biology 9th grade
Viewers also liked
Chapter 1 Slides
This document discusses measurement in chemistry, including units and apparatus used to measure mass, volume, temperature, and time. It describes common laboratory tools like balances, measuring cylinders, burettes, pipettes, thermometers, and stopwatches that are used to measure the mass of substances, volumes of liquids and gases, temperature of substances, and time taken for reactions according to standard SI units. The objectives are to name appropriate measurement apparatus and suggest suitable equipment for simple experiments involving collection of gases.
Chemistry equipment slides
This document lists and describes common laboratory equipment including tools for crushing and grinding solids like mortar and pestles, containers for holding liquids and solutions such as test tubes, Erlenmeyer flasks and beakers, supports for holding equipment over heat sources like ring stands, and tools for transferring, measuring and cleaning liquids including pipettes, graduated cylinders, and test tube brushes.
Metals
This is a summary of the topic "metals" in the GCE O levels subject: Chemistry. Students taking either the combined science (chemistry/physics) or pure chemistry will find this useful. These slides are prepared according to the learning outcomes required by the examinations board.
Class 12 Chemistry Practical File
This document is a chemistry demonstration file that summarizes an experiment on the electrolysis of potassium iodide. It includes an index, certificate of completion, acknowledgements, aim, apparatus used, theory on electrolysis and Faraday's laws of electrolysis. It describes the reactions involved including the preferential oxidation of iodide ions at the anode and hydrogen evolution at the cathode. Observations of violet color at the anode due to iodine and pink color at the cathode due to hydroxide ions are reported. Precautions for the experiment and conclusions that match the observations are provided.
Carboxylic acids (O Levels Chemistry)
This is a summary of the topic "Carboxylic Acids" in the GCE O levels subject: Chemistry. Students taking pure chemistry will find this useful. These slides are prepared according to the learning outcomes required by the examinations board.
Purification Of Substances 1
The document discusses various methods of purifying substances, including filtration, crystallization, and evaporation. It provides details on the principles and procedures of these purification techniques. Filtration is used to separate insoluble solids from liquids or solutions. Crystallization produces pure solids from solutions and is used if the solid decomposes upon strong heating. Evaporation removes the solvent from a solution, leaving behind the pure solid, and is used if the solid does not decompose with heat.
Lab equipment
This document describes various pieces of lab equipment including beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks, volumetric flasks, graduated cylinders, test tubes, tongs, test tube holders, test tube brushes, scoopulas, thermometers, forceps, medicine droppers, test tube racks, stirring rods, Bunsen burners, retort stands, C-clamps, burettes, wire mesh, clay triangles, crucibles, funnels, filter paper, mortar and pestles, spot plates, evaporating dishes, Petri dishes, and watch glasses. Each item is briefly described in terms of its common laboratory uses and characteristics.
Assessment Of Student Learning
The document provides an overview of student assessment for a high school. It discusses what assessment is, the assessment process, importance of assessment, functions of assessment, methods of assessment, criteria for choosing assessment methods, and who should be involved in assessment. It also summarizes different types of assessments including informal assessment, formal assessment, portfolios, rubrics, and concept mapping.
Seperation and purification techniques
This document discusses various techniques for purifying solid and liquid organic compounds. The common methods for purifying solids include crystallization, recrystallization, sublimation, and use of drying agents. Liquid organic compounds can be purified through distillation techniques like simple distillation, fractional distillation, and vacuum distillation. Other techniques mentioned are extraction, chromatography, and checking criteria like melting point and boiling point to confirm purity.
1.4 Laboratory Equipment: Names & Uses
This document provides descriptions and proper uses of common laboratory equipment used in chemistry labs. It describes various pieces of glassware like beakers, erlenmeyer flasks, test tubes, and funnels that are used to contain liquids and solids. It also outlines equipment for heating substances like burners, crucibles, and ring stands. Other tools described include balances, pipettes, clamps, and spatulas for accurately manipulating and transferring chemicals. Safety precautions are noted for several pieces of equipment.
Class 12 cbse chemistry practicals
These are the class 12 practicals held in cbse schools and it contains all the inorganic and organic salt tests in a simplified way and all the other experiments
Viewers also liked (11)
More from Cyrus Vincent Eludo
Conservation of Mass
Here are the steps to solve this practice problem:
A. C2H4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O
B. C2H4 = 28 g/mol, O2 = 32 g/mol, CO2 = 44 g/mol, H2O = 18 g/mol
C. If we want 2.25 mol CO2 and the ratio is 2:1, then we need 2.25 * 2 = 4.5 mol C2H4
4.5 mol C2H4 * 28 g/mol = 126 g of C2H4
D. The ratio of H2O to O2 is 2:3. If we have 12 g
Equations of State
1) An equation of state relates macroscopic variables like pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles that describe a substance. The ideal gas law is the equation of state for gases.
2) Standard temperature and pressure (STP) are defined as 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atmosphere (101.3 kPa). At STP, 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L of volume.
3) Experiments on gas behavior led to Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws, which combined form the ideal gas law: PV=nRT, relating pressure, volume, moles, and temperature.
Ray Tracing
Step by step procedure in doing Ray Tracing Diagram for Plane Mirrors, Curved Mirrors, and Lenses. Bonus: Corrective Lens and Optical Devices are included in the presentation as well. Enjoy!
Biodiversity and population
This document provides an overview of biodiversity, species interactions, and population dynamics. It begins with objectives and a pre-test on key concepts. It then defines biodiversity and explains the importance of species diversity. The main types of species interactions discussed are competition, predation, and symbiotic relationships like parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism. Population dynamics are also covered, including factors that influence population growth and the concept of carrying capacity. The relationship between species and their environment is a central focus.
Shelter
For survival today, it is important to consider factors that affect shelter selection and appreciate the sustaining capabilities of your current shelter. Some key factors in shelter selection include size, location, cost, and amenities. Shelters can range from expensive fully-furnished condominium units that cost 80,000/month to rent, to low-cost areas that rent for 450/month, to owner-occupied bungalow apartments costing 5,000/month to rent and 1.3 million to purchase. The commonality between different shelter types is that they all provide basic protection from the elements.
Renewable and nonrenewable resources
A comprehensive but not too detailed look at some of the world's common energy resources. The slides are hyperlinked within the presentation so please explore it well. Also, the Yes/No questions at the beginning can be used to clearly draw the line between renewable and nonrenewable (as it is always mistaken by the students). Enjoy!
Convex Mirror
This document discusses convex mirrors and how images are formed using ray tracing. It explains that a convex mirror's reflecting surface bulges outward and that images formed in convex mirrors are always virtual, upright, and smaller than the object. The document uses ray tracing diagrams to show how parallel, focal, and straight rays reflect off a convex mirror and locate the virtual image. Applications of convex mirrors mentioned include makeup/shaving mirrors and wide-angle mirrors used on cars or at blind intersections.
Lenses in Optics
The document discusses the principles of image formation using lenses and how lenses are used in corrective lenses. It covers the basics of refraction, how converging and diverging lenses form images using ray tracing rules, and examples of how converging and diverging lenses can correct for nearsightedness and farsightedness by forming intermediate images at the appropriate focal points for the eye. Diagrams illustrate the ray tracing and image formation for different types of lenses. Exercises provide examples of using the ray tracing rules to locate images.
4 Pix 1 Werd
The document lists 15 fields of study in a crossword puzzle format. The fields include agriculture, biology, medicine, economics, chemistry, ecology, technology, physics, engineering, education, meteorology, culture, geology, politics, and robotics.
The SSS Framework
The document presents an SSS framework for analyzing issues related to science, society, and sustainability. The framework examines how science can help explain the issue, which aspects of society are affected and why, and how the issue impacts sustainability. It provides examples of using the framework to analyze how science can determine the causes and effects of human environmental impact, how government agencies work to preserve natural resources but responsibility belongs to all humans, and how sustainability is threatened by species extinction and pollution. The framework also explores the role of students in promoting sustainable living practices at home.
Genetically modified food
This document discusses genetically modified foods (GMFs) and outlines some of their potential risks and benefits. It begins by differentiating genetic engineering, which alters an organism's DNA, from traditional crossbreeding. The document then provides examples of GMFs like crops modified to be pesticide-resistant. Both the projected disadvantages of GMFs, like unpredictable genetic effects and increased resistant pests, and advantages, like higher yields and need for less water, are listed. It concludes by asking readers to evaluate the most important risks and benefits of GMFs.
Thermal expansion
This document discusses thermal expansion, which is the change in dimensions of materials due to changes in temperature. It defines linear expansion as the expansion in length and volume expansion as expansion in overall volume. The key factors that affect thermal expansion are the temperature change, material type, and original dimensions. Common materials and their coefficients of thermal expansion are provided. Examples of applications like loosening tight jar lids are given. Finally, several problems involving calculating dimensional changes due to temperature changes are presented.
Thermal equilibrium
The document discusses thermal equilibrium, which is achieved when two substances at different temperatures are kept together and heat continues to transfer between them until their temperatures are equalized. It provides an example of a thermometer placed on a person's forehead registering an increasing temperature over 5 minutes as it reaches equilibrium with the person's body. It then asks students to use their knowledge of thermal equilibrium to calculate how much ice is needed to cool a drink to a certain temperature.
Rubric for news reporting
This rubric evaluates presentations on several criteria including research, accuracy of facts, use of graphics, clear speaking, enthusiasm, and group work. For research, the top score is given for integrating 3 or more relevant facts. Accuracy requires all facts to be reported correctly. Effective graphics must be original and clearly related to the topic. Clear speaking without mispronounced words also scores highest. Enthusiasm is shown through facial expressions and body language demonstrating strong interest. The best group work has all members actively listening, sharing, and supporting each other while staying on task.
More from Cyrus Vincent Eludo (14)
Recently uploaded
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcHow to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Covered community pharmacy topic of the subject Social and preventive pharmacy for Diploma and Bachelor of pharmacy
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Recently uploaded (20)
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Fair Test
- 3. What is a Fair test?
- 4. “(…)You conduct a fair test by making sure that you change one factor at a time while keeping all other conditions the same.” -ScienceBuddies.org
- 6. Which one is faster going down a slope? • Car 1 (Green) • Good condition car body • (tires, engine, etc.) • Negligible friction on the ramp • Gently released from the starting line • Car 2 (Red) • Good condition car body (tires, engine, etc.) • Negligible friction on the ramp • Slightly pushed for a jump start Is that a fair test? NO!
- 7. We put seeds of the same kind in three pots with fertilizer and rich soil
- 8. But, we run out of soil so we put the seeds without fertilizer in three pots filled with sand.
- 9. We put all six pots in the same location and water each one with the same amount of water every other day
- 10. Now that’s fair! Thank you!