Physical and sensory disabilities as well as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be caused by various prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. Prenatal factors affecting development include maternal nutrition, genetics, and infections. Sensory disabilities like visual and hearing impairments can result from conditions present at birth or from accidents and aging. Learning disabilities are neurological disorders that can make it difficult to receive, process, recall, or express information. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most common behavioral disorder in children characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.

1. FACTORS AFFECTING
DEVELOPMENT:PHYSICAL AND
SENSORY
DISABILITIES;ATTENTION DEFICIT
HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

2. FACTORS
AFFECTING
DEVELOPMENT

3. Maternal nutrition
mother supplies all the
nutrients to the inborn fetus
through the food intake so that
she should take care of her
diet for her sake and that of
the fetus.

5. Child nutrition
adequate nutrition
contributes to a
continuous brain growth,
rapid skeletal and
muscular development.

7. Early sensory stimulation
children are starting to learn
on the things around them.

9. FACTORS
THAT
AFFECT
GROWTH

10. Genetic history

12. Nutrition

13. Medical condition

15. Exercise

16. Emotional well-being

17. Sleep

18. PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
Pertains to total or partial loss of a
person's bodily functions examples
is handicap.

19. What are the factors
causes handicaps?

20. 1) Prenatal factors-factors that
affect normal development before
and after conception virtually
lasting up to the first trimester or
the third trimester of life especially
genetic, prematurity, infections,
malnutrition, irradiation, metabolic
disturbances and drug abuse.

21. 2) Perinatal factors- relating to or
being the period around
childbirth, that cause crippling
includes birth injuries, difficult
labor, and hemorrhage.
3)Postnatal factors- the factors
causing crippling conditions after birth
such as infections, tumor, fractures,
tuberculosis of the bones,
cerebrovascular injuries, post seizure
and arthritis

22. SENSORY
DISABILITIES
The most common disabilities fitting
into the sensory disability category
are visual and hearing impairments.
Some people are born either with no
or significantly reduced vision or
hearing. Others may lose these senses
due to an accident or the natural
aging process

23. SOME CAUSES OF
VISUAL
IMPAIRMENT

24.  Cataracts
 Cortical Visual Impairment
 Glaucoma
 Malformations
 Ocular-muscle problems
 Ocular trauma
 Optic nerve defects
 Refractive errors
 Retinoblastoma
 Retinopathy of Prematurity

25. What are the
factors causes
deafness?

26. 1) Prenatal causes-includes toxic
conditions, viral disease and
congenital defects.
2) Perinatal causes- include injury
sustained during delivery, anoxia,
and heavy sedation due to overdose
of anesthesia and blockage of the
infant’s respiratory passage.
3) Postnatal causes- include diseases,
ailments, conditions and accidents.

27. LEARNING DISABILITIES
A condition giving rise to difficulties
is acquiring knowledge and skills to
the level expected of those the
same age.

28. DIFFERENT TYPES
OF LEARNING
DISABILITIES

29. Dyslexia- reading
Dyslexia As with other learning disabilities, dyslexia is a lifelong challenge.
Dysgraphia- writing
is a learning disability that affects writing, which requires a complex set of motor and
information processing skills.
Visual agnosia- sight
occurs when a child cannot receive, process, sequence, recall or express information in
an accurate and timely way.
Motor aphasia- speaking
Children who suffer from language-based disorders such as aphasia, dysphasia or
global aphasia have a hard time expressing themselves using words as well as
understanding spoken or written language.

30. Auditory agnosia- hearing
is an auditory disability, which means a child has
difficulty processing information he or she hears and
interpreting speech.
Olfactory agnosia-smelling
Inability to classify or identify an odorant, although
the ability to distinguish between or recognize
odorants may be normal; may be general, partial, or
specific.
Dyscalculia- math
Dyscalculia refers to a wide range of lifelong learning
disabilities involving math.

31. General causes of
learning disabilities

32.  Problematic pregnancies,
occurring before, during and after
delivery.
 Biochemical imbalance caused by
intake of food with artificial food
coloring.
 Environmental factors caused by
emotional disturbance, poor
quality of instruction and lack of
motivation.

34. ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY
DISORDER (ADHD)
Most common behavioral disorder that
starts during childhood. These symptoms
must begin by age of six to twelve and
persist for more than six months for a
diagnose to be made. Boys are much
more affected than girls.

35. 3 Types of ADHD

36.  Predominantly inattentive- it is
difficult for a person to organize or
finish tasks.
 Predominantly hyperactive
impulsive- children finds it hard to
keep still, they fidget and talk a lot.
 Combined type- a person whose
symptoms include all those in 1 and 2
and whose symptoms are equally
predominantly.

37. TREATMENT
FOR ADHD
• Education
• Medication
• Behavior modification
• Classroom/ workplace accommodations

38. SIGNS OF ADHD
• Restless
• Inattentive
• Cannot concentrate
• Keep on interrupting people

39. Nicotine
Heavy Metals
Alcohol
Food
Factors that can affect adhd