Bandura demonstrated that children learn behaviors through observation and imitation of other people. In his famous Bobo doll experiment, children observed an adult acting aggressively towards a Bobo doll. When later given the opportunity, the children imitated the aggressive behaviors they had observed. Albert Bandura proposed social learning theory, which explains human behavior as the result of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. According to the theory, people learn from one another via observation, imitation, and modeling.

2.  Factors affecting on growth and
development
 Social Learning Theory By Albert
Bandura

4. Growth
• Refers to quantitative changes
in size, include physical
changes, in height, weight,
internal organs, etc

5. Development
• Refers to qualitative changes taking
place simultaneously with quantitative
changes of growth.
• Such as Gross and fine motor development,
capacity to speak, able to eat, draw picture,
cognitive and thinking ability, understanding
and problem solving capacity, social interaction
with others, making new friends, having sympathy
for others etc.

6. Factors affecting on
Growth and Development
Heredity
Environment

7. o Heredity is a biological process through which the transmission of
physical and social characteristics takes place from parents to offspring.
o It greatly influences the different aspects of growth and development,
i.e. height, weight and structure of the body, color of hair and eye,
intelligence and aptitude.
oIt is the sum total of all the traits present in an individual at the time of
birth.
Hereditary Disorders
Hemophilia:
A condition in which blood does not clot
normally. This results in severe bleeding from
minor wounds.
It is always associated with a defective gene.

8. An inherited disorder resulting from an
extra chromosomal material on pair number
twenty one, which causes mental retardation
and distinct physical features
Myopia or Short-Sightedness:
Myopia is an eye condition that causes distant
object appearing blurred, while close objects
seen clearly.
Diabetes:
It is a metabolic disorder in which the person has high blood
glucose either because insulin production is inadequate or
because the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin or
both

9.  Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of
more than 30 inherited diseases.
 They all cause muscle weakness and
muscle loss.
 All forms of muscular dystrophy
grow worse as the person’s muscles get
weaker.
 Most people with muscular dystrophy
eventually lose the ability to walk.

10. Physical Environment:
 All outer factors such as food, clothing,
shelter, weather and climate etc
Social Environment:
 Society individuals and institutions, social
laws, customs by which human behavior is regulated
Psychological Environment:
 The individual’s reaction with an object.
 One’s love, affection and fellow feeling attitude
strengthen human bonds.

11. Emotional factors:
• Emotional disturbances, insecurity,
sibling rivalry, jealousy, loss of parents,
inadequate schooling etc. have a negative
effect on growth and development
• Some of these factors coming under
environmental factors are hereditary or
with the nature of both hereditary and
environmental..

12. Nutrition:
Growth and Development of the child mainly
depend on his food habits & nutrition.
The malnutrition has adverse effect on the
structural and functional development of the child.
This condition cannot be rectified with quality diet
in later
period of life.

13.  Physiological substances having the power to raise or lower
the activity level of the body or certain organs of the body.
For instance: Thyroxin produced by the thyroid gland is
essential for the physical and mental development,
Deficiency during the growing years results in stunted growth
(cretinism).

14. The second, third or
fourth child within
a family generally
develops more quickly
than the first born,
because of the fact that
the younger children
learn from imitating their
elder brothers and sisters.

15. Sex acts as an important factor of growth and
development.
There is difference in growth and development of boys
and girls.
 The boys in general taller, courageous than the girls but
Girls show rapid physical growth in adolescence and excel
boys.
 In general the body constitution and structural growth of
girls are different from boys.

16.  Physical defects like visual,
auditory defects and orthopedic
disabilities affect the normal
development of children.
The developmental status of a
child suffering from a physical
defect child is usually below that
of the normal child.

17.  Canadian psychologist Albert Bandura proposed
one of the most influential theory of “SLT”.(Bandura, 2007, p.69).
It is often referred to as a bridge
behaviorist and cognitive learning
theories because it encompasses attention,
memory and motivation.

18. KEY CONCEPTS
 SLT states that people learn from
one another via Observation, Imitation and Modeling
“Most human behavior is learned observationally through
modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how
new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded
information serves as a guide for action.”
Social learning theory explains human behavior in terms of
continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive,
behavioral, and environmental influences.

19. Social learning
theory explains human
behavior in terms of
continuous reciprocal
interaction between
cognitive, behavioral,
and environmental
influences.

23. Bandura demonstrated that children learn and imitate
behaviors they have observed in other people.
The children in Bandura’s studies observed an adult acting
violently toward a Bobo doll. When the children were later
allowed to play in a room with the
Bobo doll, they began to imitate the
aggressive actions they had previously
observed.As shown in video

24. It also known as:
 Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)
or
 Social Learning Theory (SLT)
or
 Observational Learning Theory
or
 Modeling Theory
Albert Bandura SLT :

25. Attention:
For behaviors to be successfully
learned, the individual/learner must pay
sufficient attention.
If the model is interesting or there is a
novel aspect of the situation,
individuals are more likely to dedicate
full attention to learning.

26.  Retention:
• Storing the information so that it may be used at a later date is
important to the observational learning process.
• Retention can be affected by a number of factors, but the ability to pull
up information later and act on it is vital to observational learning.
 Reproduction
• Once a learner paid attention to the model and retained the
information, it is time to actually perform the behavior which observed.
• Practice of the learned behavior leads to improvement and skill skills

27.  Motivation:
 The individual must be motivated
to repeat the learned behavior.
• Finally, in order for observational learning to be
successful, individual must be motivated to imitate the
learned behavior that has been modeled.
• Reinforcement and punishment play an important
role in motivation.