This work deals with fabricating or producing aluminum based metal matrix composite and then studying its mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and wear behavior of produced test specimen. In this conditions Aluminum Alloy (LM6) –Boron Carbide and graphite metal matrix composite were fabricated by liquid metallurgy technique with different particulate weight fraction ( Gr 2% and B4C 3 %, 5%). Mechanical properties such as hardness test and compression strength are determined and tribological behavior of the composite is studied using wear test. The composite were characterized by Hardness and tensile strength tests. With the increase the amount of boron carbide, the density of the composite decreased whereas the hardness is increased. The tensile strength of the composite was increased with increase in the weight percentage of the boron carbide and Gr in the composite.
Machining of Sic - Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) by Polycrystalline Diamond (P...ijsrd.com
In this paper, wear of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tools and the surface integrity during machining of SiC – Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) is discussed. An attempt is made to establish relation between the hardness of the tool and the flank wear. A newly developed PCD tool, which is superior in hardness with lower flank wear than the conventional tools is introduced. During machining with PCD tools, the severity of transfer material on the tools increased significantly with cutting distance and cutting speed. The superior surface finish obtained with the PCD tools cannot be merely explained by their low wear. The low degree of adhesion that these tools had with the work material appeared to be the main reason for the superior surface obtained at both low and high cutting speeds. At low cutting speed, when the use of coolant resulted in a marked reduction in the amount of work material on the machined work pieces, high Ra and P-V values can be obtained.
This lecture provides understanding of the state-of-the-art of aluminium matrix composite materials; it outlines the properties of aluminium matrix composite materials as a basis
for materials selection; it explains the limits of useful applications; it demonstrates the various types of aluminium matrix composites. Knowledge in metallurgy, materials science, materials engineering is assumed.
Machining of Sic - Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) by Polycrystalline Diamond (P...ijsrd.com
In this paper, wear of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tools and the surface integrity during machining of SiC – Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) is discussed. An attempt is made to establish relation between the hardness of the tool and the flank wear. A newly developed PCD tool, which is superior in hardness with lower flank wear than the conventional tools is introduced. During machining with PCD tools, the severity of transfer material on the tools increased significantly with cutting distance and cutting speed. The superior surface finish obtained with the PCD tools cannot be merely explained by their low wear. The low degree of adhesion that these tools had with the work material appeared to be the main reason for the superior surface obtained at both low and high cutting speeds. At low cutting speed, when the use of coolant resulted in a marked reduction in the amount of work material on the machined work pieces, high Ra and P-V values can be obtained.
This lecture provides understanding of the state-of-the-art of aluminium matrix composite materials; it outlines the properties of aluminium matrix composite materials as a basis
for materials selection; it explains the limits of useful applications; it demonstrates the various types of aluminium matrix composites. Knowledge in metallurgy, materials science, materials engineering is assumed.
Metal matrix composites with high specific stiffness and strength could be used in applications in which saving weight is an important factor. Included in this category are robots, high-speed machinery, and high-speed rotating shafts for ships
or land vehicles. Good wear resistance, along with high specific strength, also favors MMC use in automotive engine and brake parts. Tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity make them good candidates for lasers, precision machinery, and electronic packaging.
However, the current level of development effort appears to be inadequate to bring about the commercialization of any of these in the next 5 years, with the possible exception of diesel engine
pistons.
Composites have been part of new advances and their importance is remarkable over the years.
Apart from their limited research in aeronautical and laboratories, they have to be included in general applications extensively so as to get more effectiveness , strength,performance.
this seminar gives general idea on Metal Matrix Composites their production processes and types and their applications.
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including highspecific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. Among various discontinuous dispersoids used, fly ash is one of the most inexpensive and low density reinforcement available in large quantities as solid waste by-product during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Hence, composites with fly ash as reinforcement are likely to overcome the cost barrier for wide spread applications in automotive and small engine applications.
APPLICATION OF ALUMINIUM HYBRID COMPOSITES IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRYBlaza Stojanovic
Strict requirements that are put on mechanical constructions from the aspect of increase of exploitation periods and reduction of their weights, therefore of their prices as well, implicate developments and applications of new composite materials with matrices of lightweight metals. Composite materials with metal matrices are used for engine cylinders, pistons, disc and drum brakes, Cardan shafts and for other elements in automotive and aviation industry. The most important type of metallic materials is composite materials with matrices of aluminium alloys due to a set of their beneficial properties. Improvement of mechanical, especially tribological properties of hybrid composites were provided by the use of certain reinforce materials such as SiC, Al2O3 and graphite in defined weight or volumetric share. New developed hybrid composites with aluminium matrices have significantly higher resistance to wear, higher specific stiffness and higher resistance to fatigue. By the increase of quantities of produced elements made of hybrid composites, decrease of their prices is induced that even further enlarge their applications. The applications of aluminium hybrid composites are considered from the aspect and with the focus on automotive industry.
Image result for metal matrix composites
www.slideshare.net
A metal matrix composite (MMC) is composite material with at least two constituent parts, one being a metal necessarily, the other material may be a different metal or another material, such as a ceramic or organic compound. When at least three materials are present, it is called a hybrid composite.
Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composites for Aerospace Application: A Literatu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Evaluation of Mechanical properties of Aluminium based MMCBishal Bhandari
The aluminum 6061 MMC with Graphite,Fly ash and Magnesium used as reinforcement has got the higher value of hardness, toughness,less wear rate and less ductility compared to pure aluminium. Hence this composite can be deployed to make an piston rods,bush,aircraft body and automotive body parts.
Seminar on tribological behaviour of alumina reinfoeced composite material na...Sidharth Adhikari
THIS SEMINAR IS ON TRIBOLOGY BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINA REINFOCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND BRAKE DISK MATERIAL
MTECH SECOND SEMESTER SEMINAR ,CENTRE FOR ADVANCE POST-GRADUATE STUDIES,BPUT,ROURKELA
Composite Materials are widely used in day today life and as well as in automotive and aerospace industry which are monolithic composites.but most of the monolithic composites are not able to achieve required mechanical properties,so to achieve those mechanical properties Metal Matrix composites widely used in different sectors.some of Compiled information on MMC are presented in this presentation.
Editor: Eng. Mohamadreza Govahi
Mentor: Dr. Ehsan Borhani
Date of Presentation: Apr 2016, Semnan PN Univeristy
*Contents
~Introduction to MMCs
~Introduction to Aluminum MMCs (AMMCs)
~Ceramic Reinforcements in AMMCs
~Types and Morphology of Reinforcements
~Aluminum Nano-composites
~Producing Methods
~Comparison in Different Procedures
~Reviews of some Experiments And Researches
Metal matrix composites with high specific stiffness and strength could be used in applications in which saving weight is an important factor. Included in this category are robots, high-speed machinery, and high-speed rotating shafts for ships
or land vehicles. Good wear resistance, along with high specific strength, also favors MMC use in automotive engine and brake parts. Tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity make them good candidates for lasers, precision machinery, and electronic packaging.
However, the current level of development effort appears to be inadequate to bring about the commercialization of any of these in the next 5 years, with the possible exception of diesel engine
pistons.
Composites have been part of new advances and their importance is remarkable over the years.
Apart from their limited research in aeronautical and laboratories, they have to be included in general applications extensively so as to get more effectiveness , strength,performance.
this seminar gives general idea on Metal Matrix Composites their production processes and types and their applications.
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including highspecific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. Among various discontinuous dispersoids used, fly ash is one of the most inexpensive and low density reinforcement available in large quantities as solid waste by-product during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Hence, composites with fly ash as reinforcement are likely to overcome the cost barrier for wide spread applications in automotive and small engine applications.
APPLICATION OF ALUMINIUM HYBRID COMPOSITES IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRYBlaza Stojanovic
Strict requirements that are put on mechanical constructions from the aspect of increase of exploitation periods and reduction of their weights, therefore of their prices as well, implicate developments and applications of new composite materials with matrices of lightweight metals. Composite materials with metal matrices are used for engine cylinders, pistons, disc and drum brakes, Cardan shafts and for other elements in automotive and aviation industry. The most important type of metallic materials is composite materials with matrices of aluminium alloys due to a set of their beneficial properties. Improvement of mechanical, especially tribological properties of hybrid composites were provided by the use of certain reinforce materials such as SiC, Al2O3 and graphite in defined weight or volumetric share. New developed hybrid composites with aluminium matrices have significantly higher resistance to wear, higher specific stiffness and higher resistance to fatigue. By the increase of quantities of produced elements made of hybrid composites, decrease of their prices is induced that even further enlarge their applications. The applications of aluminium hybrid composites are considered from the aspect and with the focus on automotive industry.
Image result for metal matrix composites
www.slideshare.net
A metal matrix composite (MMC) is composite material with at least two constituent parts, one being a metal necessarily, the other material may be a different metal or another material, such as a ceramic or organic compound. When at least three materials are present, it is called a hybrid composite.
Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composites for Aerospace Application: A Literatu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Evaluation of Mechanical properties of Aluminium based MMCBishal Bhandari
The aluminum 6061 MMC with Graphite,Fly ash and Magnesium used as reinforcement has got the higher value of hardness, toughness,less wear rate and less ductility compared to pure aluminium. Hence this composite can be deployed to make an piston rods,bush,aircraft body and automotive body parts.
Seminar on tribological behaviour of alumina reinfoeced composite material na...Sidharth Adhikari
THIS SEMINAR IS ON TRIBOLOGY BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINA REINFOCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND BRAKE DISK MATERIAL
MTECH SECOND SEMESTER SEMINAR ,CENTRE FOR ADVANCE POST-GRADUATE STUDIES,BPUT,ROURKELA
Composite Materials are widely used in day today life and as well as in automotive and aerospace industry which are monolithic composites.but most of the monolithic composites are not able to achieve required mechanical properties,so to achieve those mechanical properties Metal Matrix composites widely used in different sectors.some of Compiled information on MMC are presented in this presentation.
Editor: Eng. Mohamadreza Govahi
Mentor: Dr. Ehsan Borhani
Date of Presentation: Apr 2016, Semnan PN Univeristy
*Contents
~Introduction to MMCs
~Introduction to Aluminum MMCs (AMMCs)
~Ceramic Reinforcements in AMMCs
~Types and Morphology of Reinforcements
~Aluminum Nano-composites
~Producing Methods
~Comparison in Different Procedures
~Reviews of some Experiments And Researches
POTENTIAL IN INDIA FOR USE OF SOLAR PV IN CHARGING OF ELECTRIC 2 & 3-WHEELERSJournal For Research
Changeover from fossil fuels to Solar PV is a need in today’s world to limit emissions & protect the environment. India is blessed with good potential for Solar PV. The target of 100GW of Solar Power by 2022 has been set by Govt. of India. Transportation sector in India is a major consumer of imported petroleum products leading to emissions & a drain in foreign exchange. Electric vehicles are one of the ways to overcome this. As numerically 2 & 3-wheelers make up around 84% of all vehicles in India, impact of changeover to e-vehicles in this segment is significant. This paper attempts to analyse the potential of Solar PV for charging the electric 2 & 3-wheelers in India. It also studies the impact, advantages & challenges related to the concept.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CAMERA-BASED INTERACTIVE TOUCH SCREENJournal For Research
Camera-based Interactive Touch Screen is a touch detection technique that uses a camera to provide a large display with very high spatial and temporal resolutions. The conventional touch screen technology and presentation methods face a range of restrictions. However, the camera-based touch detection can overcome all these restrictions and turn projection screens into interactive touch displays, creating a through-window experience. It uses a coated sheet of glass as the projection surface to form a two-dimensional display. The camera captures images of the projection surface continuously, which are processed by the Atmega16 microcontroller. A UART module connected to the microcontroller, provides asynchronous serial communication with external devices, synchronisation of the serial data stream and recovery of data characters. This technology has several advantages over other touch detection technologies, such as its low cost, simple design and scalable structure. The applications of this technology include advertising, presentations and outdoor displays.
ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL AND MICRO STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF AL BASED METAL MATRI...IAEME Publication
In recent years Metal matrix composites have been considered as one of the most important materials which offer excellent wear resistance and stiffness, low weight, economic and high
strength to weight ratio. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with ball milled nano particles ,also called metal matrix –nano composite, are spreading rapidly in worldwide due to their various demands in the field of engineering and science like automobiles, aerospace, energy, defence,materials, electronics and bio technology.
Disciplina Organizacao de Eventos (I) (IFSP Campus Cubatao) (aulas 04 e 05)Aristides Faria
Material de apoio elaborado pelo Prof. Me. Aristides Faria Lopes dos Santos (aristidesfaria@ifsp.edu.br) para as disciplinas "Ecoturismo e Turismo de Aventura", "Gestão Pública", "Marketing e Turismo", "Organização de Eventos (I)" e "Fundamentos do Turismo (I)" do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Gestão de Turismo do IFSP Campus Cubatão.
Shri Krishna Display & Promotion is a "one stop solution provider" and a well known name for Signage Supplier in Indian Sign Industry . We are Manufacturer & Supplier of Back-lit & Non-lit Sign and are capable of offering total solution for Signage & Display items for all sorts of Indoor & outdoor Applications, right from Designing to fabricate - Customized Sign for these various applications.
As per our company motto of providing "One stop solution for all your Display & promotional needs" to our clients, we always try to give our customers a complete brand promotion solutions through the use of various material like Aluminium, SS, MS, Iron, Acrylic, LED, ACP or other metals etc. We always try to satisfy our esteemed clients by supporting them also in other all sorts of material like moulded Sign, thermoforming sign, and other sorts of P.O.P and merchandising solution.
This paper proposes smart monitoring of automobiles using IoT, which has the same functionality of conventional scanner-automobile diagnostic device. It consists of a Raspberry pi, Arduino Uno board, Web page for the service centre and also various sensors. The sensors attached in the car are connected with the Arduino board and the output is given to the raspberry pi and the Ethernet field uploads these readings to the server. If any variation in the readings, the server will send SMS to the users mobile to inform about the particular condition. And also it is possible to check the current status of the vehicle and there is special facility called emergency request that is requested by the user to inform about the accident or sudden breakdown to the service centre. It also has an obstacle sensor to sense any obstacles within a particular distance. Dust sensor fixed inside the car monitors the dust content, which can cause health problems to passengers. If there occurs any such scenarios, an SMS will be sent to the user. The vehicle will not get started if the seat belt is not worn by the driver. Detection of fire or water can result to automatic unlocking of the seat belts.
The efficiency and quality of a feature descriptor are critical to the user experience of many computer vision applications. However, the existing descriptors are either too computationally expensive to achieve real-time performance, or not sufficiently distinctive to identify correct matches from a large database with various transformations. In this paper, we propose a highly efficient and distinctive binary descriptor, called local difference binary (LDB). LDB directly computes a binary string for an image patch using simple intensity and gradient difference tests on pair wise grid cells within the patch. A multiple-gridding strategy and a salient bit-selection method are applied to capture the distinct patterns of the patch at different spatial granularities. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the existing state-of-the-art binary descriptors, primarily designed for speed, LDB has similar construction efficiency, while achieving a greater accuracy and faster speed for mobile object recognition and tracking tasks.
IMPLEMENTATION OF LEAN MANUFACTURING TOOLS FOR IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY: A CASE...Journal For Research
Present research focuses on the quality improvement at Himachal Pradesh based manufacturing unit a precision machining company for two and three wheeler components. The objective of present research focuses on current Quality Management System (QMS) implemented and to identify the current quality problems that the company faces and to study. Present research is divided into two parts Ethnographic and Qualitative research design. Recommendations and solutions to the problem faced will be suggested to the heads and supervisors, to improve the current quality system, as well as increase efficiency and reduce non conformities. This research only focuses on problem faced in the production section of the company. In the ethnographic part study is focused on plunging of workers and qualitative part research is focused on various causes of rejection. Lean manufacturing tools is considered as the pilot project to solve the problem. Various tools were used such as Multiple activity charts, Pareto chart, PDCA cycles, cause and effect diagram and control chart. With the help of lean tools, plunging of workers come to zero, better working environment is provided to workers, rejection has reduced o 12000ppm from 29000ppm and reduced the loss of organization from 4.02% to 2.79%. Retention of worker saves the training cost. Tool life also increased.
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
Evaluation Of Factors Affecting Sliding Wear Behaviour Of Al-Flyash Metal Mat...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Studies on Al8081-B4C Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by Stir Casting MethodIJMER
Aluminium MMCs are preferred in the fields of aerospace, military, automotive, marine and
in many other domestic applications. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop and
study the, Mechanical properties of Al-8081/B4C reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites. The
composite was prepared by using Liquid Metallurgy Route (Stir Casting Technique). Liquid state has
some important advantages such as better matrix particle bonding, easier control of matrix structure,
simplicity, low cost of processing, nearer to net shape and wide selection of material. Al-8081 alloy
was taken as the base matrix to which B4C particulates are used as reinforcements. Al8081-B4C
composites were prepared by varying weight percentage of B4C i.e 0 to 6 %, in steps of two. The
objective is to study the effect of B4C particulates on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile
strength, yield strength and hardness of Al8081 alloy composites. The results of this study revealed
that, as the B4C content was increased, there were significant increases in the ultimate tensile strength,
yield strength and hardness in the composites as compared to the base matrix
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Metal Matrix Co...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : In the present investigation, the study on mechanical properties of Aluminum Hybrid Matrix Composites (AMCs) reinforced with alumina (Al2O3), silicon carbide (Sic) and graphite (Gr) particles. Al6063 alloy is used as the matrix material with varying the reinforcement of alumina at fixed quantity of 5 wt% SiC and 5 wt% of graphite. The composites were fabricated by stir casting equipment methodology with controlled speed and feed parameters. Hardness is measured by using Brinell hardness equipment and tensile properties were measured by using universal testing machine and it is compared with aluminum alloy. There was a great advancement in hardness and tensile properties by changing the compositions. The Sic and Al2O3 resulted in improving the hardness and density of their respective composites. Further, the changing the compositions of these reinforcements contributed in increased hardness and density of the composites
Microstructure and Hardness of Aluminium Alloy- Fused Silica Particulate Comp...AM Publications
Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) refer to the class of light weight high performance aluminum centric
material systems. The reinforcement in AMCs could be in the form of continuous/discontinuous fibers, whiskers or particulates,
in volume fractions. Properties of AMCs can be tailored to the demands of different industrial applications by suitable
combinations of matrix, reinforcement and processing route. This work focuses on the fabrication of aluminum alloy (LM13)
matrix composites reinforced with 9%, 12% &15% fused silica particulates using stir casting route. The microstructure and
hardness of the fabricated composite were analyzed and reported.
Corrosion Characterization of Aluminium 356 Hybrid Composites in Neutral Chlo...ijtsrd
Hybrid composites are the composites which contain two different reinforcements in them. One of the reinforcements will be added in different quantities and another one will be added with same quantity. In this work hybrid composites of aluminium 356 are manufactured by adding fly ash and silicon carbide particulates. Composites are manufactured by liquid melt metallurgy technique using vortex method. Composites containing 2% fly ash and 2, 4 and 6 weight percentages of SiC particulates were manufactured. Matrix alloy was also casted in the same way for comparison. Static weight loss corrosion test and potentiodynamic polarization tests were conducted in different concentrated solutions of neutral chloride like sodium chloride. In both the tests the hybrid composites exhibited decreased corrosion rate with increase in reinforcement content. Hence hybrid composites are more suitable than the matrix alloy for applications. V. Bheema Raju | S. Kusuma | P. V. Krupakara | H. C. Ananda Murthy"Corrosion Characterization of Aluminium 356 Hybrid Composites in Neutral Chloride Medium" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8253.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/physical-chemistry/8253/corrosion-characterization-of-aluminium-356-hybrid-composites-in-neutral-chloride-medium/v-bheema-raju
EFFECT OF GRAPHITE ON MECHANICAL AND MACHINING PROPERTIES OF Al-BRONZE PREPAR...IAEME Publication
Aluminum bronzes are the highest strength standard copper based alloys. For their combination of high strength, excellent corrosion and wear resistance these alloys have a wide
acceptance in engineering applications, so studying their improvement still important. In the present study, a base aluminum bronze alloy with a chemical composition of (Cu – 11%Al) is prepared basing on powder metallurgy technique with a determined suitable compacting pressure of 400MPa,
sintering for 1 hour in 920°C in a vacuum furnace (10-4 tor), and then quenching from 950°C in cold water and tempered at 4500C for 2hrs.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy (LM6) Reinforced with SiC...IOSR Journals
This work deals with fabricating or producing aluminium based metal matrix composite and then
studying its microstructure and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength and wear
behavior of produced test specimen. In the present study a modest attempt has been made to develop aluminium
based MMCs with reinforcing material, with an objective to develop a conventional low cast method of
producing MMCs and to obtain homogeneous dispersion of reinforced material. To achieve this objective stir
casting technique has been adopted. Aluminium Alloy (LM6) and SiC, Fly Ash has been chosen as matrix and
reinforcing material respectively. Experiment has been conducted by varying weight fraction of Fly Ash ( 5%
and 15%) while keeping SiC constant(5%). The result shown that the increase in addition of Fly Ash increases
the Tensile Strength, Impact Strength, Wear Resistance of the specimen and decreases the percentage of
Elongation
Similar to FABRICATION OF LM6/B4C/GR ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE (20)
Design and Analysis of Hydraulic Actuator in a Typical Aerospace vehicle | J4...Journal For Research
An Aerospace Vehicle is capable of flight both within and outside the sensible atmosphere. An Actuation System is one of the most important Systems of an Aerospace vehicle. This paper study involves detailed study of various controls Actuation System and Design of a typical Hydraulic Actuation Systems. An actuator control system concerned with electrical, electronic or electro mechanical. Actuator control systems may take the form of extremely simple, manually-operated start-and-stop stations, or sophisticated, programmable computer systems. Hydraulic Actuation System contains Electro Hydraulic Actuators, Servo Valves, Feedback Sensing elements, Pump Motor package, Hydraulic Reservoir, Accumulator, various safety valves, Filters etc. The main objective of this study involves design of Hydraulic Actuator and selection of various other components for the Actuation Systems of an Aerospace Vehicle. Design of the system includes design of Hydraulic actuator and also the Modeling and Analysis of actuator using sophisticated Software.
Experimental Verification and Validation of Stress Distribution of Composite ...Journal For Research
Now a day in all sector weight reduction is most important criteria for lowering the cost & high performance. For weight reduction composite material is good option to solve weight related problems. In this paper we describe analysis of composite glass fibre material with mild steel material comparison. For analysis purpose we can use FEA software. The objective of this paper is compare things like different loading conditions stress distribution etc.
Image Binarization for the uses of Preprocessing to Detect Brain Abnormality ...Journal For Research
Computerized MR of brain image binarization for the uses of preprocessing of features extraction and brain abnormality identification of brain has been described. Binarization is used as intermediate steps of many MR of brain normal and abnormal tissues detection. One of the main problems of MRI binarization is that many pixels of brain part cannot be correctly binarized due to the extensive black background or the large variation in contrast between background and foreground of MRI. Proposed binarization determines a threshold value using mean, variance, standard deviation and entropy followed by a non-gamut enhancement that can overcome the binarization problem. The proposed binarization technique is extensively tested with a variety of MRI and generates good binarization with improved accuracy and reduced error.
A Research Paper on BFO and PSO Based Movie Recommendation System | J4RV4I1016Journal For Research
The objective of this work is to assess the utility of personalized recommendation system (PRS) in the field of movie recommendation using a new model based on neural network classification and hybrid optimization algorithm. We have used advantages of both the evolutionary optimization algorithms which are Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Bacteria foraging optimization (BFO). In its implementation a NN classification model is used to obtain a movie recommendation which predict ratings of movie. Parameters or attributes on which movie ratings are dependent are supplied by user's demographic details and movie content information. The efficiency and accuracy of proposed method is verified by multiple experiments based on the Movie Lens benchmark dataset. Hybrid optimization algorithm selects best attributes from total supplied attributes of recommendation system and gives more accurate rating with less time taken. In present scenario movie database is becoming larger so we need an optimized recommendation system for better performance in terms of time and accuracy.
IoT based Digital Agriculture Monitoring System and Their Impact on Optimal U...Journal For Research
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FABRICATION OF LM6/B4C/GR ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE
1. Journal for Research| Volume 02 | Issue 07 | September 2016
ISSN: 2395-7549
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 12
Fabrication of LM6/B4C/Gr Hybrid Aluminium
Metal Matrix Composite
Sarath S Nair Faisal M H
M. Tech. Student Assistant Professor
ICET, Muvattupuzha, India ICET, Muvattupuzha, India
Abstract
This work deals with fabricating or producing aluminum based metal matrix composite and then studying its mechanical
properties such as tensile strength, hardness and wear behavior of produced test specimen. In this conditions Aluminum Alloy
(LM6) –Boron Carbide and graphite metal matrix composite were fabricated by liquid metallurgy technique with different
particulate weight fraction ( Gr 2% and B4C 3 %, 5%). Mechanical properties such as hardness test and compression strength are
determined and tribological behavior of the composite is studied using wear test. The composite were characterized by Hardness
and tensile strength tests. With the increase the amount of boron carbide, the density of the composite decreased whereas the
hardness is increased. The tensile strength of the composite was increased with increase in the weight percentage of the boron
carbide and Gr in the composite.
Keywords: Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite, Tribological, LM6, Boron Carbide, Graphite
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
Aluminum is the familiar matrix for the metal matrix composites (MMCs). The Al alloys are quite useful due to their low
density, good corrosion resistance, high Thermal and electrical conductivity, and high damping capacity. They offer a large
variety of mechanical properties depending on the chemical composition of the Al-matrix. There are two principal
classifications, namely casting alloys and wrought alloys. About 85% of aluminum is used for wrought products. Aluminum
alloys are used extensively in aircraft due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. On the other hand, pure aluminum metal is much
too soft for such uses, and it does not have the high tensile strength that is needed for airplanes and helicopters. Copper is one of
the best alloying elements since the beginning of the aluminum metal matrix composites. In the cast alloys the basic structures
consists of dentritic in nature and possesses aluminum solid solution, with a variety of particles at the grain boundaries or inter
dendritic spaces, forming brittle components with eutectics in nature. Most alloying elements can improve the modulus of
elasticity of aluminum, but the increase is not remarkable for the aluminum-copper alloys. The modulus of elasticity at room
temperature is of the order of 70-75 G Pa and practically the same in tension and in compression. It changes regularly with
temperature from a value of 76-78 G Pa at 70 K to a value of the order of 60 G Pa at 500 K. The Poisson ratio is of the order of
0.32-0.34. The Poisson ratio increases with increasing temperature. Many of the cast alloys and of the aluminum-copper-nickel
alloys are used for high-temperature applications, where creep resistance is important[1].
Aluminum metal matrix composites provide both light weight, courtesy of the aluminum matrix, and enhanced strength,
stiffness and wear resistance through the reinforcement which is added to produce the composite, although this is achieved at the
expense of ductility. While commonly used reinforcements include SiC and Al2O3, the more recently used B4C is both the
lightest and the hardest of the three, making it a viable choice with respect to the reduced weight criterion. Additionally, the
capacity of boron for high neutron capture has created much interest in using B4C reinforced aluminum composites in strategic
applications. The enhanced elevated-temperature strength and favorable neutron absorption characteristics of Al-B4C composites
are strong points which justify investigating their suitability for use in both current and emerging applications.
Aluminum/graphite composites have been used as self-lubricating materials due to the superior lubricating effect of graphite
during sliding. The greatest challenge in introducing aluminum graphite composites in industrial components is the negative
effect of graphite on mechanical properties of composites[2].
II. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE
Scope
Aluminum/graphite composites have been used as self-lubricating materials due to the superior lubricating effect of graphite
during sliding. The greatest challenge in introducing aluminum graphite composites in industrial components is the negative
effect of graphite on mechanical properties of composites. There are many approaches to reducing the damaging effect of
graphite particles on the deterioration of mechanical properties. For example, using hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites
containing ceramic particles and graphite particles shows better tribological behavior compared to aluminum alloys or Al/Gr
2. Fabrication of LM6/B4C/Gr Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 07 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 13
composites. In these hybrid composites, graphite acts as a solid lubricant and ceramic particles have load bearing ability, which
leads to decrease in wear rate.
Objectives
Fabrication of a hybrid aluminium metal matrix composite to improve the characteristics of self lubricating composites.
Evaluation of wear characteristics and other mechanical properties of hybrid aluminium metal matrix composite.
III. METHODOLOGY
Literature Review
Procurement of Materials
LM6, boron carbide, graphite
Casting of hybrid aluminium composite
Specimen Preparation
Specimens were prepared with desired composition.
They are machined to the required dimensions.
Tests
To determine mechanical properties tensile test and hardness test were done.
Wear is determined using pin on disc testing.
IV. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
LM 6
LM6 alloy was used in this study
Table – 1
Properties of LM6
Density(Kg/m3
) 2680
Elastic Modulus(Gpa) 71
Poisons Ratio 0.33
Boron Carbide
Table – 2
Properties of Boron Carbide
Density(Kg/m3
) 2550
Elastic Modulus(Gpa) 460
Poisons Ratio 0.17
Melting Point(ᵒC) 2763
Thermal conductivity(W/mk) 90
Graphite
Table – 3
Properties of Graphite
Density(Kg/m3
) 1950
Elastic Modulus(Gpa) 12
Poisons Ratio 0.21
Melting Point(ᵒC) 3800
Thermal conductivity(W/mk) 90
Stir Casting
This is the layout of the stir casting apparatus. It consist of cylindrical shaped graphite crucible is used for fabrication of AMCs,
as it withstands high temperature which is much more than required temperature [680°C].Along that graphite will not react with
aluminum at these temperature. This crucible is placed in muffle which is made up of high ceramic alumina.
Stir casting process starts with placing empty crucible in the muffle. At first heater temperature is set to 500°C and then it is
gradually increased up to 900°C.High temperature of the muffle helps to melt aluminum alloy quickly, reduces oxidation level,
enhance the wetability of the reinforcement particles in the matrix metal. Aluminum alloy LM6 is used as matrix material.
Required quantity of aluminum alloy is cut from the raw material which is in the form of rectangular pieces. Aluminum alloy is
cleaned to remove dust particles, weighed and then poured in the crucible for melting. Powder of boron carbide (B4C) and
graphite are used as reinforcement [3].
3. Fabrication of LM6/B4C/Gr Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 07 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 14
Fig. 1: Stir Casting Setup
It consists of two processes:
Process 1: (LM 6, B4C 3% AND GR 2%): sample 1
Total 500 g
16g of B4C
10g of Gr
Process 2: (LM 6, B4C 5% AND GR 2%): sample 2
Total 500 g
26g of B4C
10g of Gr
Fig. 2: Casting Fig. 3: Casted Specimens Fig. 4: Test Specimens
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Mechanical testing plays an important role in evaluating fundamental properties of engineering materials as well as in
developing new materials and in controlling the quality of materials for use in design and construction. If a material is to be used
as part of an engineering structure that will be subjected to a load, it is important to know that the material is strong enough and
rigid enough to withstand the loads that it will experience in service. As a result engineers have developed a number of
experimental techniques for mechanical testing of engineering materials subjected to tension, compression, bending or torsion
loading.
Tensile Test
Sample 1
a) Output Data
Yield stress : 130 N/mm2
Tensile strength : 168 N/mm2
Elongation : 2.9%
4. Fabrication of LM6/B4C/Gr Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite
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All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 15
Fig. 5: Sample 1 Output Graph
Sample 2
a) Output Data
Yield stress : 140 N/mm2
Tensile strength : 175 N/mm2
Elongation : 2.2%
Fig. 6: Sample 2 Output Graph
Hardness Test
Rock well hardness test was done according to ASTM E18:2014. Specimen size is 22 mm diameter and 27 mm length.
Table – 4
Hardness Test
Sl. No Sample Id
Observed values, HRB Average,
HRB1 2 3
1 Sample 1 80 79 80 80
2 Sample 2 93 92 93 93
Wear Test
As outlined by ASTM G99-04, pin-on-disk testing consists of a rotating disk in contact with a fixed pin with a spherical top. A
schematic is shown below.
Fig. 7: Layout of Wear Test
F: Applied normal load
R: Radius of the wear track that is produced
d: Diameter of the spherical top of the pin
D: Diameter of the disk
w: Rotational speed
5. Fabrication of LM6/B4C/Gr Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 07 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 16
Table - 5
Specifications
Parameter Units
Pin size 3, 6, 10 & 12 mm diameter
Disc Size 165 x 8 mm
Disc Rotation Speed 0 – 2950 RPM
Wear Track dia. Mean 50 – 100 mm
Load 1 – 200 N (any steps possible)
Sliding Speed Range 0 to 10 m/s
Frictional Force 0 – 200 N
Wear Measurement 0 – 2000 micrometer (1 µm LC)
Temperature ambient to 300 deg C
Power 230V, 50 Hz S phase
Table – 6
Wear Test
Sl. No. Material Wear in microns COF Frictional Force (Average) N
1 Sample 1 117 0.4586 9
2 Sample 2 105 0.3807 7.5
Load : 20 n
RPM : 300
Sliding Velocity : 1.885 m/s
Time Duration : 20 mins
VI. CONCLUSIONS
1) Specimens were prepared with varying percentages of B4C.
2) AMC’s are far much superior to aluminium alloys due to enhanced properties and ability to possess functional properties by
variety of reinforcements.
3) With the stir casting technique setup attached with mechanical stirrer assembly, it is possible to develop MMC with
uniform distribution of reinforced particulates on aluminum matrix.
4) With the increase the amount of boron carbide, the density of the composite decreased whereas the hardness is increased.
5) The tensile strength of the composite was increased with increase in the weight percentage of the boron carbide and Gr in
the composite.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I take this opportunity to thank God Almighty for his immense blessing on my effort.
I extend my sincere thanks to my internal guide Asst.Prof. Faisal M H for his valuable guidance and constant encouragement
for showing me the right way.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. T. Shaafi, HOD of Mechanical Department, for his guidance and
support. I also thank all staff members of Mechanical Engineering Department of ICET.
Last but not least, I thank all my friends and family members who were always a source of encouragement and helped me in
the successful completion of the thesis.
REFERENCES
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[10] F. Toptan, A. Kilicarslan , “The Effect of Ti Addition on the Properties of Al-B4C Interface: A Microstructural Study”, Materials Science Forum, PP 192-
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