This document reviews graphene reinforced aluminium matrix composites prepared by spark plasma sintering. It discusses aluminium 7055 alloy and graphene materials, composite materials, the spark plasma sintering process, and applications. The scope is to study the effect of graphene reinforcement in aluminium and different fabrication processes. Spark plasma sintering allows for low-temperature, fast fabrication of composites with a strong interface between graphene and aluminium. Potential applications include satellites, automobiles, capacitors, and more. Further studies on mechanical and electrical properties are promising areas for future work.
Composites are made by combination of two or more natural or artificial materials to maximize their useful properties and minimize their weaknesses.
Example: The oldest and best-known composites,
Natural: Wood combination of cellulose fibre provides strength and lignin is the "glue" that bonds and stabilizes. Bamboo is a very efficient wood composite structure.
o is a very efficient wood composite structure
Artificial: The glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GRP), combines glass fiber (which are strong but brittle) with plastic (which is flexible) to make a composite material that is tough but not brittle.
70 to 90% of load carried by fibers
Provide structural properties to the composite
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal stability
Provide electrical conductivity or insulation
Example: Glass, Carbon, Organic Boron, Ceramic, Metallic
Function of Fiber/Dispersion phase
We illustrate the application of composite material in aerospace industry. Composites are highly efficient to make the parts and structure of aircrafts. We found the characteristics of the composite material make it very suitable material for aerospace industry. Composites like carbon fiber, carbon epoxy, and glass epoxy are very light and high strength which is mostly used in aircraft industries. In addition, our study takes the first step to highlight the uses of composite material to manufacture the different parts of aircrafts.
Composites are made by combination of two or more natural or artificial materials to maximize their useful properties and minimize their weaknesses.
Example: The oldest and best-known composites,
Natural: Wood combination of cellulose fibre provides strength and lignin is the "glue" that bonds and stabilizes. Bamboo is a very efficient wood composite structure.
o is a very efficient wood composite structure
Artificial: The glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GRP), combines glass fiber (which are strong but brittle) with plastic (which is flexible) to make a composite material that is tough but not brittle.
70 to 90% of load carried by fibers
Provide structural properties to the composite
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal stability
Provide electrical conductivity or insulation
Example: Glass, Carbon, Organic Boron, Ceramic, Metallic
Function of Fiber/Dispersion phase
We illustrate the application of composite material in aerospace industry. Composites are highly efficient to make the parts and structure of aircrafts. We found the characteristics of the composite material make it very suitable material for aerospace industry. Composites like carbon fiber, carbon epoxy, and glass epoxy are very light and high strength which is mostly used in aircraft industries. In addition, our study takes the first step to highlight the uses of composite material to manufacture the different parts of aircrafts.
Metal matrix composites with high specific stiffness and strength could be used in applications in which saving weight is an important factor. Included in this category are robots, high-speed machinery, and high-speed rotating shafts for ships
or land vehicles. Good wear resistance, along with high specific strength, also favors MMC use in automotive engine and brake parts. Tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity make them good candidates for lasers, precision machinery, and electronic packaging.
However, the current level of development effort appears to be inadequate to bring about the commercialization of any of these in the next 5 years, with the possible exception of diesel engine
pistons.
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including highspecific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. Among various discontinuous dispersoids used, fly ash is one of the most inexpensive and low density reinforcement available in large quantities as solid waste by-product during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Hence, composites with fly ash as reinforcement are likely to overcome the cost barrier for wide spread applications in automotive and small engine applications.
Image result for metal matrix composites
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A metal matrix composite (MMC) is composite material with at least two constituent parts, one being a metal necessarily, the other material may be a different metal or another material, such as a ceramic or organic compound. When at least three materials are present, it is called a hybrid composite.
A STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM 6063 BASED HYBRID COMPOSITESSuryamech5
1.Hybrid metal matrix composites were successfully fabricated using stir casting method.
2.Reinforcement particles such as Silicon carbide and graphite were uniformly distributed in Al matrix.
3.The hardness and tensile strength of the composite is greatly increased with increasing of graphite particles in Aluminium matrix.
4.When adding constant 5% of Sic carbide, the tensile strength is increased.
Metal matrix composites with high specific stiffness and strength could be used in applications in which saving weight is an important factor. Included in this category are robots, high-speed machinery, and high-speed rotating shafts for ships
or land vehicles. Good wear resistance, along with high specific strength, also favors MMC use in automotive engine and brake parts. Tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity make them good candidates for lasers, precision machinery, and electronic packaging.
However, the current level of development effort appears to be inadequate to bring about the commercialization of any of these in the next 5 years, with the possible exception of diesel engine
pistons.
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including highspecific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. Among various discontinuous dispersoids used, fly ash is one of the most inexpensive and low density reinforcement available in large quantities as solid waste by-product during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Hence, composites with fly ash as reinforcement are likely to overcome the cost barrier for wide spread applications in automotive and small engine applications.
Image result for metal matrix composites
www.slideshare.net
A metal matrix composite (MMC) is composite material with at least two constituent parts, one being a metal necessarily, the other material may be a different metal or another material, such as a ceramic or organic compound. When at least three materials are present, it is called a hybrid composite.
A STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM 6063 BASED HYBRID COMPOSITESSuryamech5
1.Hybrid metal matrix composites were successfully fabricated using stir casting method.
2.Reinforcement particles such as Silicon carbide and graphite were uniformly distributed in Al matrix.
3.The hardness and tensile strength of the composite is greatly increased with increasing of graphite particles in Aluminium matrix.
4.When adding constant 5% of Sic carbide, the tensile strength is increased.
Editor: Eng. Mohamadreza Govahi
Mentor: Dr. Ehsan Borhani
Date of Presentation: Apr 2016, Semnan PN Univeristy
*Contents
~Introduction to MMCs
~Introduction to Aluminum MMCs (AMMCs)
~Ceramic Reinforcements in AMMCs
~Types and Morphology of Reinforcements
~Aluminum Nano-composites
~Producing Methods
~Comparison in Different Procedures
~Reviews of some Experiments And Researches
If we mix a group of oils with insect repellent nature with some of the pungent smell of plants and the formation of a homogeneous mixture of them will be able to repel insects with the preservation of the environment and the security of the human.
The fabrication methodology of a composite part depends mainly on three factors:
(i) the characteristics of matrices and reinforcements,
(ii) the shapes, sizes and engineering details of products, and
(iii) end uses.
The composite products are too many and cover a very wide domain of applications ranging from an engine valve to an aircraft wing.
The fabrication technique varies from one product to the other.
Seminar on tribological behaviour of alumina reinfoeced composite material na...Sidharth Adhikari
THIS SEMINAR IS ON TRIBOLOGY BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINA REINFOCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND BRAKE DISK MATERIAL
MTECH SECOND SEMESTER SEMINAR ,CENTRE FOR ADVANCE POST-GRADUATE STUDIES,BPUT,ROURKELA
EFFECT OF GRAPHITE ON MECHANICAL AND MACHINING PROPERTIES OF Al-BRONZE PREPAR...IAEME Publication
Aluminum bronzes are the highest strength standard copper based alloys. For their combination of high strength, excellent corrosion and wear resistance these alloys have a wide
acceptance in engineering applications, so studying their improvement still important. In the present study, a base aluminum bronze alloy with a chemical composition of (Cu – 11%Al) is prepared basing on powder metallurgy technique with a determined suitable compacting pressure of 400MPa,
sintering for 1 hour in 920°C in a vacuum furnace (10-4 tor), and then quenching from 950°C in cold water and tempered at 4500C for 2hrs.
Synthesis And Characterization of Aluminum –Silicon-Fly Ash Composite By Stir...IRJESJOURNAL
Abstract :- In this work aluminium 7075 as matrix and silicon carbide and fly ash as reinforcements has been used. The %wt of reinforcement are varied to study the difference in aluminium property. Following are the samples are aluminium 7075 as 100%, aluminium 7075 90% + 10% SiC, and aluminium 7075 90% + 10% fly ash. The materials are obtained by stir casting technique. During casting 300 grams of aluminium has been taken as sample 1. 270grams of aluminium has been taken with 30grams of SiC as sample 2. The third sample is the mixture of 270grams of aluminium with 30grams of fly ash. Then the materials are made in the form of cylindrical rod of 30mm diameter and max length of 70mm. The composites are analysed for the mechanical study and the results are obtained based on hardness and the work has been extended to study the micro structure of the specimen by SEM analysis and Chemical Conformation.
DEVELOPMENT AND TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DUAL PARTICLE AND TRIPLE PAR...ijmech
The this work the study on hardness and wear behaviour of dual particle and triple particle size Alumina (Al2O3) reinforced aluminium alloy based metal matrix composite (Al2O3-Al MMC) was carried out. AlMMCs were prepared using 10 vol% Al2O3 reinforcement into aluminium metal matrix and developed using stir casting process. Stir casting is a most suitable process for the production of particulate MMC in which the reinforcement is introduced in to the molten matrix material with simultaneous stirring. The reinforcement in the range of particle size with Dual particle and Triple particle at 10% olume fraction with range from coarse to fine size were used (210µ, 180µ, 80µ & 10µ).The hardness of the composite was
determined by Vickers hardness tester and Brinell Hardness Tester. Tensile strength was determined by Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The wear rate was found by pin-on-disc type wear testing machine with steel disc of 60HRC hardness in dry sliding condition. Wear test was conducted on all the samples
at speeds of 300,600 and 900 rpm by varying the load (2kg, 4kg, 6kg & 8kg) at a constant sliding distance of 55mm. The wear track studies were carried out by optical microscope .The test results showed that Dual particle composite and triple particle composite exhibited better hardness compared to as cast AL- 7075. Strength of Triple particle reinforced MMC was found to be higher than that of dual particle reinforced composite material. The wear resistance properties of dual particle MMC was higher compared to triple particle reinforced MMC. The secondary process will further enhances the wear resistance of the composite and also that heat treatment will promote the wear resistance.
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Metal Matrix Co...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : In the present investigation, the study on mechanical properties of Aluminum Hybrid Matrix Composites (AMCs) reinforced with alumina (Al2O3), silicon carbide (Sic) and graphite (Gr) particles. Al6063 alloy is used as the matrix material with varying the reinforcement of alumina at fixed quantity of 5 wt% SiC and 5 wt% of graphite. The composites were fabricated by stir casting equipment methodology with controlled speed and feed parameters. Hardness is measured by using Brinell hardness equipment and tensile properties were measured by using universal testing machine and it is compared with aluminum alloy. There was a great advancement in hardness and tensile properties by changing the compositions. The Sic and Al2O3 resulted in improving the hardness and density of their respective composites. Further, the changing the compositions of these reinforcements contributed in increased hardness and density of the composites
HEAT TREATMENT EFFECT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SEM ANALYSIS OF AL6061/WC/...IAEME Publication
Recent developments in material technology help to find and fabricate new materials which may replace existing materials for various applications. Among those, composite materials play a vital role which is combination of two or more materials with different physical and chemical properties. Aluminum plays a vital role in the automotive, aerospace and marine industries this for its strength, less weight, flexibility and cost. The present study is to cast a metal matrix composite of al 6061 with the selected reinforcing materials. The reinforcing material used here are titanium (Ti), tungsten carbide (Wc), boron carbide (B4C) and chromium (Cr) in the form of particles.
e-mail [email protected]Effect of Heat Treatment on Some M.docxkanepbyrne80830
*e-mail: [email protected]
Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Mechanical Properties of 7075 Aluminium Alloy
Adeyemi Dayo Isadarea, Bolaji Aremob, Mosobalaje Oyebamiji Adeoyec,
Oluyemi John Olawalec*, Moshood Dehinde Shittuc
aPrototype Engineering Development Institute Ilesa, Nigeria
bCentre for Energy Research and Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
cDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Received: April 14, 2012; Revised: September 3, 2012
This paper reports the effects of annealing and age hardening heat treatments on the microstructural
morphology and mechanical properties of 7075 Al alloy. The material was cast in the form of round
cylindrical rods inside green sand mould from where some samples were rapidly cooled by early
knockout and others gradually cooled to room temperature. From the samples that were gradually
cooled some were annealed while others were age hardened. Both the as-cast in each category and
heat treated samples were subjected to some mechanical tests and the morphology of the resulting
microstructures were characterised by optical microscopy. From the results obtained there is formation
of microsegregations of MgZn
2
during gradual solidification which was not present during rapid
cooling. It was also found out that age hardening and annealing heat treatment operation eliminated
these microsegregations and improve mechanical properties of 7075 Al alloy. It is concluded that
microsegregation can be eliminated by rapid solidification and appropriate heat treatment process.
Keywords: 7075 aluminium, microsegregation, precipitation hardening, annealing, magnesium alloy,
strength
1. Introduction
Aluminium and its alloys are used in a variety of cast and
wrought forms and conditions of heat treatment. For over
70 years, it ranks next to iron and steel in the metal market.
The demand for aluminium grows rapidly because of its
unique combination of properties which makes it becomes
one of the most versatile of engineering and construction
material1-3.
The optimum properties of aluminium are achieved by
alloying additions and heat treatments. This promotes the
formation of small hard precipitates which interfere with
the motion of dislocations and improve its mechanical
properties4-7. One of the most commonly used aluminium
alloy for structural applications is 7075 Al alloy due to its
attractive comprehensive properties such as low density, high
strength, ductility, toughness and resistance to fatigue8-11. It
has been extensively utilized in aircraft structural parts and
other highly stressed structural applications12-16.
But aluminium-zinc alloy as it is in 7075 Al alloy is
susceptible to embrittlement because of microsegregation
of MgZn
2
precipitates which may lead to catastrophic
failure of components produced from it17,18. The alloy is also
susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking19,20. This is .
THE EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT PARAMETERS AND GRAIN REFINEMENT ON MICROSTRUCTUR...dbpublications
Aluminium A357 alloy is widely used
at automobile and aircraft industries in the form of
cast component with varying section size. This study
investigates how the microstructure and mechanical
properties of A357 alloy before and after heat
treatment processes. Solutionising at 5000C-5h
followed quenching in water at room temperature
and Ageing at 1700C-3h alloy. Aluminium ingot is
melted using a furnace and poured in to the mold
having mold cavities of varying dimensions. In
order to investigate the effect of heat treatment and
aging processes microstructure and mechanical
properties such as hardness, and tensile strength
were analyzed as-cast condition and after solution
treatment process. The aim of present study is to
evaluate the effect on the microstructure and
mechanical properties of Combined Grain Refined
and Modified aluminum alloy A357
Study of the Tribological behavior of as cast Al-4.2%Cu-Al2O3 compositeIOSR Journals
The research work is carried out on the study of tribological property of aluminium based metal matrix composite material, which is fabricated by using sol-gel technique. The composite material is prepared through liquid metallurgy method by using varying percentage of Alumina and aluminium and fixed percentage of copper 4.2%. Test sample billet is fabricated through casting method and has been examined the different mechanical behaviour such as Vickers Hardness Number, Ultimate Tensile Strength, 0.2% Proof Stress, etc.
From the study, it has been observed that with increase in the alumina content in matrix the ductility of composite show a contrary effect. The Pin-On-Disc test is used to evaluate the tribological property wear for composite material and it is observered that tendency of wear rate has improved. The weight losses of the specimen are measured and wear and friction characteristics are calculated with respect to time. Depth of wear track, sliding speed, bearing load friction coefficient and wear volume have been shown large sensitivity to the applied normal load and the testing time (or sliding distance). The XRD and SEM analysis are used to analyse the wear debris and track; and silent conclusion has been drawn
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy (LM6) Reinforced with SiC...IOSR Journals
This work deals with fabricating or producing aluminium based metal matrix composite and then
studying its microstructure and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength and wear
behavior of produced test specimen. In the present study a modest attempt has been made to develop aluminium
based MMCs with reinforcing material, with an objective to develop a conventional low cast method of
producing MMCs and to obtain homogeneous dispersion of reinforced material. To achieve this objective stir
casting technique has been adopted. Aluminium Alloy (LM6) and SiC, Fly Ash has been chosen as matrix and
reinforcing material respectively. Experiment has been conducted by varying weight fraction of Fly Ash ( 5%
and 15%) while keeping SiC constant(5%). The result shown that the increase in addition of Fly Ash increases
the Tensile Strength, Impact Strength, Wear Resistance of the specimen and decreases the percentage of
Elongation
Similar to A REVIEW ON GRAPHENE REINFORCED ALUMINIUM MATRIX COMPOSITE (20)
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy (LM6) Reinforced with SiC...
A REVIEW ON GRAPHENE REINFORCED ALUMINIUM MATRIX COMPOSITE
1. A REVIEW ON GRAPHENE REINFORCED
ALUMINIUM MATRIX COMPOSITE PREPARED BY
SPARK PLASMA SINTERING
NIRMAL CHANDRA DAS, ANUBHAV MAHAPATRA, SUBHADRA SAHOO
AND DINESH KUMAR MISHRA
Presented By:
DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING
VEER SURENDRA SAI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, BURLA
2. CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE OF PRESENT STUDY
LITERATURE REVIEW
COMPOSITE
SPARK PLASMA SINTERING
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATION
FUTURE PROSPECTIVE
REFERENCE
3. INTRODUCTION
ALUMINIUM7055Alloy:
Aluminium 7055 series alloys are heat treatable wrought alloys,
which are widely used in the aviation industry.
Aluminium 7055 is alloyed with the elements like Zn, Mg, Cu and
Zr. Its chemical composition mentioned below
Physical properties
Density 2.86g/cm3, Melting point: approx 580ºC
Mechanical Properties
Young’s modulus - (68-72)Gpa, Tensile Strength – (70-
360)Mpa, Hardness-Vickers – (30-100)Hv, Yield Strength – (30-286)
Mpa Compressive Strength – (30-286)Mpa, Elongation – (2-41)%
Elements Al Zn Mg Cu
wt% 88.9-88.5 7.6-8.4 1.8-2.3 2-2.6
4. GRAPHENE
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon in the form of a two-
dimensional, atomic-scale, honey-comb lattice in which one atom
forms each vertex.
It is about 100 times stronger than the strongest steel. It conducts
heat and electricity efficiently and is nearly transparent.
Graphene also shows a large and nonlinear diamagnetism, even
greater than graphite.
SP2 Hybridized Hexagonal Structure
5. The scope of our study is
To Study the effect of Graphene reinforcement
into the Aluminium matrix phase.
To study the effectiveness of various processes
over Aluminium 7055-Graphane composite
To study the mechanical, electrical, chemical
properties of the composite.
To study SPS process in fabrication of Al 7055-
Graphene composite.
6. PROCESS INVESTIGATOR REFERENCE
Fabricated a 0.1wt% aluminum–graphene
composite using ball milling, hot isostatic pressing.
Bartolucci
et al.
International
journal of mineral
and metallurgy
Adopted an improved fabrication technique, i.e.,
cryomilling (at 181°C), followed by hot isostatic
sintering and extrusion at a relatively lower
temperature (300°C).
Li et al.
-do-
Studied the effects of milling time and hot isostatic
sintering time on the mechanical properties of
aluminum-graphene composites.
Pérez–
Bustamante
et al.
-do-
Prepared the graphene-reinforced copper matrix
composites using vacuum uniaxial hot pressing ball
milled mixtures and studied the effects of graphene
size on the mechanical properties of the composites.
Dutkiewicz
et al.
-do-
Developed a friction stir processing method to
fabricate metal-graphene composites and achieved
the improved thermal conductivity and better tensile
strength.
Jeon et al.
-do-
7. COMPOSITE
A composite material is a material which made from two or
more constituent materials with significantly different physical
or chemical properties that, when they combined, produce a
material with characteristics different from the individual
components, in general, one is matrix and other is reinforcement.
Design goal: obtain a more desirable combination of
properties (principle of combined action)
Ex: low density and high strength
Rule of mixture:
In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a
weighted mean used to predict various properties of a
composite material made up of continuous and unidirectional
fibers.
Transverse properties refer to properties of the composite in
the direction normal to, as opposed to parallel to the fibers.
8. LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION
In this case,
∈ 𝑐=∈ 𝑟=∈ 𝑚
𝐸𝑐=𝐸𝑟 𝑉𝑟+𝐸 𝑚(1-𝑉𝑟) ,
𝜎
𝐸
=∈
=𝐸𝑟 𝑉𝑟+𝐸 𝑚 𝑉𝑚
𝜎𝑐=𝜎𝑟 𝑉𝑟+𝜎 𝑚(1-𝑉𝑟)
∈ 𝑟=Elastic modulus of reinforcement
∈ 𝑐=Elastic modulus of composite
∈ 𝑚=Elastic modulus of matrix
9.
10. In SPS powder is directly fade into the graphite dice and the
die is enclosed with suitable punches . The entire assembly is put
into the SPS chamber , and the chamber is now closed and
atmosphere (vaccum) in which sintering is to carried out is applied
into the chamber.
The sample is heated by joule/heating and the sparking among
the particle of sintered material leads to faster heat and mass
transfer.
SPS is used to prepare graphene-reinforced 7055 aluminum alloy
composites.
Aluminum 7055 alloy powder with a diameter of 50 μm was used
as the metal matrix material.
A clean and strong interface by metallurgical bonding on an
atomic scale is formed between the graphene plates, and the
metal matrix due to the surface cleaning and electrical activation
effects of SPS, which is beneficial to improve the mechanical
properties of composites
12. ADVANTAGES OF SPARK PLASMA SINTERING
Spark plasma sintering (SPS) can provide a time-saving, low-
temperature, low-pressure and high-quality method for the
fabrication of composites.
Detrimental aluminum carbide (Al4C3) is not formed during
SPS processing because of the low sintering temperature and
non-milling blending process.
Uniform and Fast.
High energy efficiency.
13. DISADAVANTAGES OF SPARK PLASMA SINTERING
Only simple symmetrical shapes may be prepared.
Expensive pulsed D.C generator is required
16. 1. Wen-ming Tian, Song-mei Li, Bo Wang, Xin Chen, Jian-hua Liu,
and Mei Yu(2015) “Graphene-reinforced aluminium matrix
composites prepared by spark plasma
2. Sintering”,international Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and
Materials Volume 23, Number 6, June 2016, Page 723-729
3. C. Jeon, Y. Jeong, J. Seo, H.N. Tien, S. Hong, Y. Yum, S. Hur,
and K. Lee, Material properties of graphene/aluminum metal
matrix composites fabricated by friction stir processing, Int. J.
Precis. Eng. Manuf., 15(2014), No. 6, p. 1235.
4. B. Lee, M.Y. Koo, S.H. Jin, K.T. Kim, and S.H. Hong,
Simultaneous strengthening and toughening of reduced graphene
oxide/alumina composites fabricated by molecular-level mixing
process, Carbon, 78(2014), p. 212.