The document describes an experimental investigation into the mechanical properties of hybrid metal matrix composites reinforced with alumina, graphite, and silicon carbide. Aluminum 6063 alloy was used as the matrix material. Composites with varying compositions of the reinforcements were fabricated via stir casting. Testing showed that hardness and tensile strength increased with the addition of reinforcements. In particular, a composite with 5% silicon carbide, 5% alumina, and 5% graphite exhibited the highest hardness of 49.6 HBW and tensile strength of 133 MPa, representing an improvement over the matrix material alone.
FRACTOGRAPHY OF CRYOGENIC CHILL CASTED ASTM A 494 M GRADE NICKEL ALLOY METAL ...IAEME Publication
ASTM A 494 M grade Ni–Garnet composites containing four different weight percentages 3%, 6%,9% and 12% of Garnet samples have been fabricated by using cryogenically cooled copper chill stir
casting method. Effects of volume percent of Garnet particles on tensile strength, and fracture surfacesof Nickel Garnet composites have been investigated. The highest tensile strength was achieved in the specimen containing 9 Wt. % garnet produced with 25 mm chill thickness which shows an increase of14% in comparison to the no chill cast reinforced alloy. Microscopic investigations of fracture surfacesrevealed that fracture in a brittle manner with little or no necking happening. By increasing garnetcontent and chill thickness, the composites fracture goes in a more severely brittle manner. The fracturebehavior of the composites was altered significantly by the presence of garnet particles and the crack
propagation through the matrix and the reinforcing particle clusters resulted in the final fracture.
Studies on Al8081-B4C Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by Stir Casting MethodIJMER
Aluminium MMCs are preferred in the fields of aerospace, military, automotive, marine and
in many other domestic applications. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop and
study the, Mechanical properties of Al-8081/B4C reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites. The
composite was prepared by using Liquid Metallurgy Route (Stir Casting Technique). Liquid state has
some important advantages such as better matrix particle bonding, easier control of matrix structure,
simplicity, low cost of processing, nearer to net shape and wide selection of material. Al-8081 alloy
was taken as the base matrix to which B4C particulates are used as reinforcements. Al8081-B4C
composites were prepared by varying weight percentage of B4C i.e 0 to 6 %, in steps of two. The
objective is to study the effect of B4C particulates on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile
strength, yield strength and hardness of Al8081 alloy composites. The results of this study revealed
that, as the B4C content was increased, there were significant increases in the ultimate tensile strength,
yield strength and hardness in the composites as compared to the base matrix
Aluminum-lithium alloys used in the aerospace industry as structural components
and strengthened by age-hardening. This study aims to improve properties of Al-Li
alloys such as strength, behavior hot rolling and addition element, i.e. Mg and Cu to
this alloy. Several tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of alloy, such as
hardness, tensile, and microstructure by OP, SEM and XRD. Result showed that
addition 3.2% Cu to base alloy improve strength from (62MPa) to (78MPa) when
aging at 175°C.and improve hardness from (97.3 Hv) to (119.79Hv) At the same
temperature. But the improvement is great when addition 0.6% Mg to base alloy
improve tensile strength from (62MPa) to (124MPa) at the same time improved
hardness from (119.79Hv) to (152.96Hv) at the same temperature.
FRACTOGRAPHY OF CRYOGENIC CHILL CASTED ASTM A 494 M GRADE NICKEL ALLOY METAL ...IAEME Publication
ASTM A 494 M grade Ni–Garnet composites containing four different weight percentages 3%, 6%,9% and 12% of Garnet samples have been fabricated by using cryogenically cooled copper chill stir
casting method. Effects of volume percent of Garnet particles on tensile strength, and fracture surfacesof Nickel Garnet composites have been investigated. The highest tensile strength was achieved in the specimen containing 9 Wt. % garnet produced with 25 mm chill thickness which shows an increase of14% in comparison to the no chill cast reinforced alloy. Microscopic investigations of fracture surfacesrevealed that fracture in a brittle manner with little or no necking happening. By increasing garnetcontent and chill thickness, the composites fracture goes in a more severely brittle manner. The fracturebehavior of the composites was altered significantly by the presence of garnet particles and the crack
propagation through the matrix and the reinforcing particle clusters resulted in the final fracture.
Studies on Al8081-B4C Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by Stir Casting MethodIJMER
Aluminium MMCs are preferred in the fields of aerospace, military, automotive, marine and
in many other domestic applications. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop and
study the, Mechanical properties of Al-8081/B4C reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites. The
composite was prepared by using Liquid Metallurgy Route (Stir Casting Technique). Liquid state has
some important advantages such as better matrix particle bonding, easier control of matrix structure,
simplicity, low cost of processing, nearer to net shape and wide selection of material. Al-8081 alloy
was taken as the base matrix to which B4C particulates are used as reinforcements. Al8081-B4C
composites were prepared by varying weight percentage of B4C i.e 0 to 6 %, in steps of two. The
objective is to study the effect of B4C particulates on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile
strength, yield strength and hardness of Al8081 alloy composites. The results of this study revealed
that, as the B4C content was increased, there were significant increases in the ultimate tensile strength,
yield strength and hardness in the composites as compared to the base matrix
Aluminum-lithium alloys used in the aerospace industry as structural components
and strengthened by age-hardening. This study aims to improve properties of Al-Li
alloys such as strength, behavior hot rolling and addition element, i.e. Mg and Cu to
this alloy. Several tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of alloy, such as
hardness, tensile, and microstructure by OP, SEM and XRD. Result showed that
addition 3.2% Cu to base alloy improve strength from (62MPa) to (78MPa) when
aging at 175°C.and improve hardness from (97.3 Hv) to (119.79Hv) At the same
temperature. But the improvement is great when addition 0.6% Mg to base alloy
improve tensile strength from (62MPa) to (124MPa) at the same time improved
hardness from (119.79Hv) to (152.96Hv) at the same temperature.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum, Rice Husk and Silicon Carbide M...ijsrd.com
Aluminium is an abundant element of 8% on earth’s crust and normally found in Aluminum oxide i.e. bauxite. In the present work the mechanical behavior of pure aluminium reinforced with Silicon Carbide and Rice Husk ash fabricated by liquid metallurgical (stir casting) method was investigated. The reinforcements were added in varying weight percentages of (3% - 6%). Tests were conducted for tensile test, impact test and hardness test. The results reveal that higher tensile strength with increase in rice husk content and higher impact strength & hardness of the hybrid composite with increased SiC content.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash and Alumina Reinforced Aluminium ...IOSR Journals
The results of an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of fly ash and Alumina
reinforced aluminium alloy (LM25) composites samples, processed by stir casting route are reported in this
paper. Three sets of composites with constant weight fraction of fly ash (particle size of 3-100 μm) and
Al2O3(particle size of 150 μm) with different wt% were used. Composite samples have the reinforcement weight
fractions of constant 3% fly Ash and varying %wt of 5, 10 and 15% Al2O3 . The main mechanical properties
studied were the tensile strength,ductilityimpact strength & hardness. Unreinforced LM25 samples were also
tested for the same properties. It was found that the tensile strength & hardness of the aluminium alloy (Lm25)
composites increases with the increase in %wt of Al2O3 upto certain limit. in addition of more amount of
reinforcement the Tensile strength decrease due to poor wettability of the reinforced material with metal
aluminium matrix .And the charpy test shows decrease in impact load absorption with increase in %weight
reinforcement.The Microstructure study of the samples indicated near uniform distribution of the fly ash and
Al2O3 particles in the matrix. LM25 alloy is mainly used where good mechanical properties are required in
castings of a shape or dimensions requiring an alloy of excellent castability in order to achieve the desired
standard of soundness.The alloy is also used where resistance to corrosion is an important consideration
particularly where highstrength is also required.
Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMC’s) are widely used in aerospace, automotive,
structural and marine applications due to their high strength to weight ratio, corrosion
resistance. In AMC one of constituent is aluminium or its alloy which forms a network
called as matrix phase and other constituent is embedded in matrix made of harder material
generally ceramic or non metallic material called as reinforcement. Various processing
techniques are available for manufacturing of AMC’s. Stir casting is one of the economical
and extensively used methods to enhance attractive properties of AMC’s. This paper
presents an overview of stir casing process, process parameter and preparation of AMC
using aluminium alloy as matrix phase and alumina (Al2O3) as reinforcement by varying
their proportion.
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Characterization of Graphite and Zirconium Oxide on Al 7075 Metal Matrix Comp...ijtsrd
This work investigates the mechanical properties of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites reinforced with Zirconium Oxide and Graphite. The composite material has been prepared by Stir casting technique. Al 7075 as matrix metal, Zirconium oxide and graphite as reinforcements. Zirconium Oxide and Graphite both have been mixed in different proportions in the Aluminium Matrix. Both reinforcement constituents were added in different combinations, so as to investigate the effect of each of these two and their individual effects. Density test, Micro hardness test and Compression test were carried out on the developed hybrid composites to study the mechanical properties of composites. Micro structural studies were carried out on Al 7075 and all composites. Samples were prepared and tested as per ASTM standards. Significant improvement in micro hardness and Compressive strength was found with an increase in Zirconium dioxide in weight percentage of composites. Micro structural study reveals the uniform distribution of reinforcements ZrO2 and graphite in as cast and Al 7075 metal matrix composites. Vijay Kumar Navuluri | Prasanna Nagasai Bellamkonda | Srikanth Sudabathula "Characterization of Graphite and Zirconium Oxide on Al-7075 Metal Matrix Composites (MMCS) Fabricated by Stir Casting Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26513.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26513/characterization-of-graphite-and-zirconium-oxide-on-al-7075-metal-matrix-composites-mmcs-fabricated-by-stir-casting-technique/vijay-kumar-navuluri
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy (LM6) Reinforced with SiC...IOSR Journals
This work deals with fabricating or producing aluminium based metal matrix composite and then
studying its microstructure and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength and wear
behavior of produced test specimen. In the present study a modest attempt has been made to develop aluminium
based MMCs with reinforcing material, with an objective to develop a conventional low cast method of
producing MMCs and to obtain homogeneous dispersion of reinforced material. To achieve this objective stir
casting technique has been adopted. Aluminium Alloy (LM6) and SiC, Fly Ash has been chosen as matrix and
reinforcing material respectively. Experiment has been conducted by varying weight fraction of Fly Ash ( 5%
and 15%) while keeping SiC constant(5%). The result shown that the increase in addition of Fly Ash increases
the Tensile Strength, Impact Strength, Wear Resistance of the specimen and decreases the percentage of
Elongation
Fabrication and Study of the Mechanical Properties of AA7129 Alloy Reinforced...ijtsrd
In the present work Al7129 metal matrix reinforced with Titanium carbide TiC and Boron carbide B4C powder is fabricated through stir casting route. Metal matrix composites were manufactured by altering percent weight fraction 5 to 25 wt. in steps of 5 weight with average particle size. The importance of composites as engineering materials is considered by the fact that out of over 1600 engineering materials available in the market today consists of 200 composites. These composites initially to many experiments and the wear behavior of these composites were traversed to a maximum extent and were reported by number of research scholars for the past 25 years. In the present study based on the literature review, the effect Carbide on Stir Cast Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites is discussed. aluminum hybrid composites are a new generation of metal matrix composites that have the potentials of satisfying the demands of advanced engineering applications such as in used in the aircraft manufacturing sector, aerospace, automobile, space, underwater and transportation applications. This is mainly due to upgraded mechanical and tribological properties like stiff, strong, abrasion and impact resistant and is not easily corroded. This paper attempts to review the different combination and configuration of reinforcing materials used in processing of hybrid aluminum matrix composites and how it effects the mechanical, corrosion and wear performance of the materials. M. Rajesh | Dr. G. Naga Malleswara Rao | Dr. B. Chandra Mohana Reddy "Fabrication and Study of the Mechanical Properties of AA7129 Alloy Reinforced with B4C &TiC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31626.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31626/fabrication-and-study-of-the-mechanical-properties-of-aa7129-alloy-reinforced-with-b4c-andtic/m-rajesh
A Study on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 Rei...ijsrd.com
This work deals with fabricating or producing magnesium based metal matrix composite and then studying its mechanical and tribological properties such as microstructure, tensile strength, impact strength and wear behavior of produced test specimen. In the present study a modest attempt has been made to develop magnesium based MMCs with reinforcing material, with an objective to develop a conventional low cast method of producing MMCs and to obtain homogeneous dispersion of reinforced material. To achieve this objective stir casting technique has been adopted. An Alloy similar to commercially available composition of AZ31 and SiC, Al2O3 has been chosen as matrix and reinforcing material respectively. Experiment has been conducted by varying weight fraction of 3% SiC and 1% Al2O3 & 1% SiC and 3% Al2O3 in matrix metal. The result shown that tensile strength, impact strength, wear resistance is good in matrix metal as compared to used weight compositions of SiC and Al2O3 in the composites.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Compos...IJERA Editor
Present study is focused on the fabrication of aluminium 6061 based metal matrix composites, Reinforced with
silicon carbide and Al2O3 by stir casting technique. The percentage of one reinforcement particulate is kept
constant and varying other and vice versa, namely typeI and typeII composites. The various mechanical tests like
tensile strength test, hardness test, wear test and Impact strength performed on the samples obtained by stir
casting technique for comparison purpose. The result indicated that the developed method is quite successful and
there is an increase in the value of tensile strength, hardness value and Impact strength of newly developed
composite having (SiC + Al2O3) particulates in comparison to the Aluminium.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum, Rice Husk and Silicon Carbide M...ijsrd.com
Aluminium is an abundant element of 8% on earth’s crust and normally found in Aluminum oxide i.e. bauxite. In the present work the mechanical behavior of pure aluminium reinforced with Silicon Carbide and Rice Husk ash fabricated by liquid metallurgical (stir casting) method was investigated. The reinforcements were added in varying weight percentages of (3% - 6%). Tests were conducted for tensile test, impact test and hardness test. The results reveal that higher tensile strength with increase in rice husk content and higher impact strength & hardness of the hybrid composite with increased SiC content.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash and Alumina Reinforced Aluminium ...IOSR Journals
The results of an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of fly ash and Alumina
reinforced aluminium alloy (LM25) composites samples, processed by stir casting route are reported in this
paper. Three sets of composites with constant weight fraction of fly ash (particle size of 3-100 μm) and
Al2O3(particle size of 150 μm) with different wt% were used. Composite samples have the reinforcement weight
fractions of constant 3% fly Ash and varying %wt of 5, 10 and 15% Al2O3 . The main mechanical properties
studied were the tensile strength,ductilityimpact strength & hardness. Unreinforced LM25 samples were also
tested for the same properties. It was found that the tensile strength & hardness of the aluminium alloy (Lm25)
composites increases with the increase in %wt of Al2O3 upto certain limit. in addition of more amount of
reinforcement the Tensile strength decrease due to poor wettability of the reinforced material with metal
aluminium matrix .And the charpy test shows decrease in impact load absorption with increase in %weight
reinforcement.The Microstructure study of the samples indicated near uniform distribution of the fly ash and
Al2O3 particles in the matrix. LM25 alloy is mainly used where good mechanical properties are required in
castings of a shape or dimensions requiring an alloy of excellent castability in order to achieve the desired
standard of soundness.The alloy is also used where resistance to corrosion is an important consideration
particularly where highstrength is also required.
Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMC’s) are widely used in aerospace, automotive,
structural and marine applications due to their high strength to weight ratio, corrosion
resistance. In AMC one of constituent is aluminium or its alloy which forms a network
called as matrix phase and other constituent is embedded in matrix made of harder material
generally ceramic or non metallic material called as reinforcement. Various processing
techniques are available for manufacturing of AMC’s. Stir casting is one of the economical
and extensively used methods to enhance attractive properties of AMC’s. This paper
presents an overview of stir casing process, process parameter and preparation of AMC
using aluminium alloy as matrix phase and alumina (Al2O3) as reinforcement by varying
their proportion.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Characterization of Graphite and Zirconium Oxide on Al 7075 Metal Matrix Comp...ijtsrd
This work investigates the mechanical properties of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites reinforced with Zirconium Oxide and Graphite. The composite material has been prepared by Stir casting technique. Al 7075 as matrix metal, Zirconium oxide and graphite as reinforcements. Zirconium Oxide and Graphite both have been mixed in different proportions in the Aluminium Matrix. Both reinforcement constituents were added in different combinations, so as to investigate the effect of each of these two and their individual effects. Density test, Micro hardness test and Compression test were carried out on the developed hybrid composites to study the mechanical properties of composites. Micro structural studies were carried out on Al 7075 and all composites. Samples were prepared and tested as per ASTM standards. Significant improvement in micro hardness and Compressive strength was found with an increase in Zirconium dioxide in weight percentage of composites. Micro structural study reveals the uniform distribution of reinforcements ZrO2 and graphite in as cast and Al 7075 metal matrix composites. Vijay Kumar Navuluri | Prasanna Nagasai Bellamkonda | Srikanth Sudabathula "Characterization of Graphite and Zirconium Oxide on Al-7075 Metal Matrix Composites (MMCS) Fabricated by Stir Casting Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26513.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26513/characterization-of-graphite-and-zirconium-oxide-on-al-7075-metal-matrix-composites-mmcs-fabricated-by-stir-casting-technique/vijay-kumar-navuluri
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy (LM6) Reinforced with SiC...IOSR Journals
This work deals with fabricating or producing aluminium based metal matrix composite and then
studying its microstructure and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength and wear
behavior of produced test specimen. In the present study a modest attempt has been made to develop aluminium
based MMCs with reinforcing material, with an objective to develop a conventional low cast method of
producing MMCs and to obtain homogeneous dispersion of reinforced material. To achieve this objective stir
casting technique has been adopted. Aluminium Alloy (LM6) and SiC, Fly Ash has been chosen as matrix and
reinforcing material respectively. Experiment has been conducted by varying weight fraction of Fly Ash ( 5%
and 15%) while keeping SiC constant(5%). The result shown that the increase in addition of Fly Ash increases
the Tensile Strength, Impact Strength, Wear Resistance of the specimen and decreases the percentage of
Elongation
Fabrication and Study of the Mechanical Properties of AA7129 Alloy Reinforced...ijtsrd
In the present work Al7129 metal matrix reinforced with Titanium carbide TiC and Boron carbide B4C powder is fabricated through stir casting route. Metal matrix composites were manufactured by altering percent weight fraction 5 to 25 wt. in steps of 5 weight with average particle size. The importance of composites as engineering materials is considered by the fact that out of over 1600 engineering materials available in the market today consists of 200 composites. These composites initially to many experiments and the wear behavior of these composites were traversed to a maximum extent and were reported by number of research scholars for the past 25 years. In the present study based on the literature review, the effect Carbide on Stir Cast Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites is discussed. aluminum hybrid composites are a new generation of metal matrix composites that have the potentials of satisfying the demands of advanced engineering applications such as in used in the aircraft manufacturing sector, aerospace, automobile, space, underwater and transportation applications. This is mainly due to upgraded mechanical and tribological properties like stiff, strong, abrasion and impact resistant and is not easily corroded. This paper attempts to review the different combination and configuration of reinforcing materials used in processing of hybrid aluminum matrix composites and how it effects the mechanical, corrosion and wear performance of the materials. M. Rajesh | Dr. G. Naga Malleswara Rao | Dr. B. Chandra Mohana Reddy "Fabrication and Study of the Mechanical Properties of AA7129 Alloy Reinforced with B4C &TiC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31626.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31626/fabrication-and-study-of-the-mechanical-properties-of-aa7129-alloy-reinforced-with-b4c-andtic/m-rajesh
A Study on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 Rei...ijsrd.com
This work deals with fabricating or producing magnesium based metal matrix composite and then studying its mechanical and tribological properties such as microstructure, tensile strength, impact strength and wear behavior of produced test specimen. In the present study a modest attempt has been made to develop magnesium based MMCs with reinforcing material, with an objective to develop a conventional low cast method of producing MMCs and to obtain homogeneous dispersion of reinforced material. To achieve this objective stir casting technique has been adopted. An Alloy similar to commercially available composition of AZ31 and SiC, Al2O3 has been chosen as matrix and reinforcing material respectively. Experiment has been conducted by varying weight fraction of 3% SiC and 1% Al2O3 & 1% SiC and 3% Al2O3 in matrix metal. The result shown that tensile strength, impact strength, wear resistance is good in matrix metal as compared to used weight compositions of SiC and Al2O3 in the composites.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Compos...IJERA Editor
Present study is focused on the fabrication of aluminium 6061 based metal matrix composites, Reinforced with
silicon carbide and Al2O3 by stir casting technique. The percentage of one reinforcement particulate is kept
constant and varying other and vice versa, namely typeI and typeII composites. The various mechanical tests like
tensile strength test, hardness test, wear test and Impact strength performed on the samples obtained by stir
casting technique for comparison purpose. The result indicated that the developed method is quite successful and
there is an increase in the value of tensile strength, hardness value and Impact strength of newly developed
composite having (SiC + Al2O3) particulates in comparison to the Aluminium.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Corrosion Characterization of Aluminium 356 Hybrid Composites in Neutral Chlo...ijtsrd
Hybrid composites are the composites which contain two different reinforcements in them. One of the reinforcements will be added in different quantities and another one will be added with same quantity. In this work hybrid composites of aluminium 356 are manufactured by adding fly ash and silicon carbide particulates. Composites are manufactured by liquid melt metallurgy technique using vortex method. Composites containing 2% fly ash and 2, 4 and 6 weight percentages of SiC particulates were manufactured. Matrix alloy was also casted in the same way for comparison. Static weight loss corrosion test and potentiodynamic polarization tests were conducted in different concentrated solutions of neutral chloride like sodium chloride. In both the tests the hybrid composites exhibited decreased corrosion rate with increase in reinforcement content. Hence hybrid composites are more suitable than the matrix alloy for applications. V. Bheema Raju | S. Kusuma | P. V. Krupakara | H. C. Ananda Murthy"Corrosion Characterization of Aluminium 356 Hybrid Composites in Neutral Chloride Medium" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8253.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/physical-chemistry/8253/corrosion-characterization-of-aluminium-356-hybrid-composites-in-neutral-chloride-medium/v-bheema-raju
Synthesis And Characterization of Aluminum –Silicon-Fly Ash Composite By Stir...IRJESJOURNAL
Abstract :- In this work aluminium 7075 as matrix and silicon carbide and fly ash as reinforcements has been used. The %wt of reinforcement are varied to study the difference in aluminium property. Following are the samples are aluminium 7075 as 100%, aluminium 7075 90% + 10% SiC, and aluminium 7075 90% + 10% fly ash. The materials are obtained by stir casting technique. During casting 300 grams of aluminium has been taken as sample 1. 270grams of aluminium has been taken with 30grams of SiC as sample 2. The third sample is the mixture of 270grams of aluminium with 30grams of fly ash. Then the materials are made in the form of cylindrical rod of 30mm diameter and max length of 70mm. The composites are analysed for the mechanical study and the results are obtained based on hardness and the work has been extended to study the micro structure of the specimen by SEM analysis and Chemical Conformation.
Micro-structural and Tribological Behaviour of AA6063/12SiC-5Gr Hybrid Compos...ijsrd.com
In this paper the friction and wear behavior of aluminium matrix reinforced with silicon carbide and graphite is investigated. A pin on disc type apparatus is used to measure the sliding wear rate (WR), the frictional force (F) and the coefficient of friction (μ). Friction and wear behavior of the hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMC) have been investigated at various loads, sliding velocity and constant sliding distance. The applied loads are 20N, 40N, 60N and 80 N respectively, sliding speeds are 1.5 m/sec and 3 m/sec and the sliding distance is 1500 m. The aluminium based MMC has been produced by stir casting technique. AA6063 with 12SiC-5Gr composite is machined to the required size. Optical microscope is used for investigating the microstructure and surface properties of the specimen. The addition of graphite and silicon carbide reinforcement to AA 6063 alloy increases the wear resistance and hardness of the composites.
Development of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Using Stir Casting Methodtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Microstructure and Wear Behavior of B4C Particulates Reinforced Al-4.5%Cu All...IOSRJMCE
The work is carried out to investigate the microstructure and wear behavior of B4C reinforced Al- 4.5% Cu alloy metal matrix composites. In the present work Al-4.5% Cu alloy was taken as the base matrix and B4C particulates as reinforcement material to prepare metal matrix composites by stir casting method. For metal matrix composites the reinforcement material was varied from 0 to 4 wt. % in steps of 2 wt. %. The wear resistance of metal matrix composites was studied by performing dry sliding wear test using a pin on disc apparatus. The experiments were conducted at a constant sliding speed of 300rpm and sliding distance of 4000m over a varying load of 0.5, 1 and 1.5Kg. Similarly experiments were conducted at a constant load of 1.5Kg and sliding distance of 4000m over a varying sliding speed of 200, 300 and 400rpm. The results showed that the wear resistance of Al-Cu-2%B4C and 4% B4C composites were better than the unreinforced alloy. The wear in terms of height loss found to increase with the load and sliding speed. To study the dominant sliding wear mechanism for various test conditions, the worn surfaces were analyzed using optical microscopy
This work deals with fabricating or producing aluminum based metal matrix composite and then studying its mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and wear behavior of produced test specimen. In this conditions Aluminum Alloy (LM6) –Boron Carbide and graphite metal matrix composite were fabricated by liquid metallurgy technique with different particulate weight fraction ( Gr 2% and B4C 3 %, 5%). Mechanical properties such as hardness test and compression strength are determined and tribological behavior of the composite is studied using wear test. The composite were characterized by Hardness and tensile strength tests. With the increase the amount of boron carbide, the density of the composite decreased whereas the hardness is increased. The tensile strength of the composite was increased with increase in the weight percentage of the boron carbide and Gr in the composite.
Experimental Investigation of Wear Properties of Aluminium LM25 Red Mud Metal...IJSRD
The use of different kind of Metal-matrix composite materials is in constant growing over the years, because they have better physical, mechanical and tribological properties comparing to matrix materials. In automotive industry they are used for pistons, cylinders, engine blocks, brakes and power transfer system elements. Research attempts have been made in the past toreduce the cost of processing of composites, decrease the weight of the composites, and increase the desired performance characteristics. This paper presents the findings of an experimental investigation on the effects of applied load, RPM, Sliding distance and pin temperature in dry sliding wear studies performed on red mud-based aluminum metal matrix composites (MMC). Red mud is an industrial waste during the production of aluminum from bauxite ore. A pin-on-disc apparatus was used to conduct the dry sliding wear test. Taguchi-based L9 orthogonal array has been used to accomplish the objective of the experimental study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to find the optimal setting and the effect of each parameter on wear rate.
Similar to Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced With Alumina, Graphite and Silicon Carbide (20)
Modeling And Simulation Swash Plate Pump Response Characteristics in Load Sen...IJMERJOURNAL
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
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Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced With Alumina, Graphite and Silicon Carbide
1. International
OPEN ACCESS Journal
Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 5 | May. 2017 | 44 |
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Hybrid
Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced With Alumina, Graphite and
Silicon Carbide
Nagisetti Dileep Kumar1
, Dr. B. Amar Nagendram2
1
Post Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering (M.Tech, Machine design), DMSSVH College
of Engineering, Machilipatnam, India
2
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, DMSSVH College of Engineering, Machilipatnam, India
I. INTRODUCTION
Aluminum is used as a matrix material due of its effective physical characteristics and most widely
available material. This leads for the improvement of new material. Most of research work on Metal matrix
Composites (MMC) was carried out on Silicon (Sic), Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Graphite (Gr) particle
reinforcements and few worked on mixture of reinforcements (hybrid composites). Modern composite materials
are typically optimized to accomplish a proper balance of properties for a given range of applications. Given the
widespread range of materials that may be considered as composites and the broad range of uses for which the
composite materials may be designed, it is difficult to concur upon a single, logical and practical definition.
However, as a widespread practical definition, composite materials may here three variations of inlet valves are
used, be limited to focus those materials that contain a continuous matrix constituent that binds together and
provides to a succession of a stronger, stiffer reinforcement constituent. The resulting composite material has a
balance of structural properties that is superior to other constituent material alone. Local varying internal tension
due to the thermal expansion behavior of the two phases in a hybrid metal matrix composites is an additional
influencing factor. The reinforcement is very noteworthy because it is accountable for the estimation and
optimization of mechanical properties, cost and performance of a given composite. In particular, many of the
considerations arising due to fabrication, processing and service performance of composites are associated
exclusively to the metallurgical aspects that take place in the interfacial region between matrix and
reinforcement.
Mukesh Kumar et.al [1] is investigated Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Aluminum (6063)
based Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced Silicon Carbide .In his experiments three specimens were prepared
having 5%, 7%, and 9% composition of silicon carbide. It was detected that the best optimum results were
obtained at 9% which gives Density 2.42 g/cc, Tensile strength 83.69 N/mm2, Hardness 38.1 BHN. V. Daniel
Jebin et.al [2] presented Wear behaviour of AL6063-Alumina Metal Matrix Composite. In his thesis he
conducted experiments taking Al 6063 alloy matrix composites reinforced with Alumina particles can be
successfully synthesized by the stir casting method. MS Raviraj, CM sharanprabhu, G.C.Mohankumar [3] in his
research entitled “Experimental analysis on processing and properties of al6061-TiC metal matrix composites”.
Stir casting is used for fabrication Al6061-TiC metal matrix composites. Hardness and Ductility increases by
increasing particle reinforcement. GauravMahajan, Nikhil Karve, UdayPatil, P. Kuppan and K. Venkatesan [4]
in his research on Analysis of Microstructure, Hardness and Wear of Al6061-SiC-TiB₂ Hybrid Metal Matrix
Composite. Microstructure and mechanical properties such as micro hardness and wear are studied for various
compositions of reinforcements, 10% Sic and 2.5%, 5% and 10% TiB₂. The results indicate that the hardness
ABSTRACT : In the present investigation, the study on mechanical properties of Aluminum Hybrid
Matrix Composites (AMCs) reinforced with alumina (Al2O3), silicon carbide (Sic) and graphite (Gr)
particles. Al6063 alloy is used as the matrix material with varying the reinforcement of alumina at fixed
quantity of 5 wt% SiC and 5 wt% of graphite. The composites were fabricated by stir casting equipment
methodology with controlled speed and feed parameters. Hardness is measured by using Brinell
hardness equipment and tensile properties were measured by using universal testing machine and it is
compared with aluminum alloy. There was a great advancement in hardness and tensile properties by
changing the compositions. The Sic and Al2O3 resulted in improving the hardness and density of their
respective composites. Further, the changing the compositions of these reinforcements contributed in
increased hardness and density of the composites.
Keywords: Graphite, Hardness test, Hybrid metal matrix composites silicon carbide, Tensile strength
2. Experimental Investigation On Mechanical Properties Of Hybrid Metal Matrix…..
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 5 | May. 2017 | 45 |
value increases while the wear resistance increases up to certain amount and reduces drastically when crossed
the transition load.
In this paper the Hybrid Metal-matrix composite of Al6063 alloy reinforced with graphite (Gr),
aluminium oxide (Al2o3) and silicon carbide (Sic) are fabricated successfully by using stir casting method. The
Tensile strength of metal matrix composites are done successfully and observed that composition of Al+5%
Sic+5%Al2o3+5%Graphite is having higher tensile strength of 133MPa. Hardness test on composites are
performed successfully and also concluded that the material composition of Al+5% Sic+5%Al2o3+5%Graphite
is having higher hardness of 49.6 HBW compared to the other compositions.
II. EXPERIMENTATION
In this research work, Al 6063 is selected as the matrix alloy and the reinforcements are alumina
Silicon Carbide and Graphite. Table 1 illustrates the percentage compositions of the samples considered for the
research work.
Table 1: Percentage compositions of the hybrid metal matrix composites
Particulars Weight fraction with reinforcements
Al 6063 200gm , No reinforcements
Al 6063 +5%Sic+5% Graphite 5% Silicon Carbide(10gm) and 5%(10gm) Graphite
Al6063+5%Al2o3+5%Graphite 170g of Al,5%(10g) of Al2o3,5%(10gm) of graphite
Al 6063 +5% Sic+5%Al2o3 170gm of Al,5%(10gm) of Sic,5%(10g) of Al2o3
Al 6063+5%
Sic+5%Al2o3+5%Graphite
170gm of Al, 5%(10gm) of Sic, 5%(10g) of Al2o3 and
5%(10gm) of Graphite
Here we are fabricated 10 samples for calculating the tensile strength and hardness.
5 samples for tensile test.
5 samples for hardness.
2.1 Fabrication process
The most widely available method of fabricating metal matrix composites is so called stir casting
procedure. The procedure which is used for quick production of composites widely used in industries is the
vortex or stir casting technique. Stir casting generally consist of prolonged liquid reinforcement contact, which
can cause considerable interface reaction. In this research we are aiming to study, the effect of aluminum oxide,
Silicon Carbide and Graphite on stir cast Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites. 1.5 kg of Al 6063 alloy pieces in
the electric arc furnace is heated and allows the same to melt at 7500C and care has been taken to achieve
complete melting. The initial equipment of electric arc furnace is shown below in “Fig “1.The alloy pieces are
kept in the crucible and preheat the mould at the required temperature 7500C - 8000C. The “Fig 2” shows the
fabrication process using a mould box. Preheat the reinforcements Silicon Carbide and Graphite at the equal
temperature range. Slag has been removed using scum powder to escape poor quality casting and maintained at
the same temperature for about 25 minutes to remove the moisture casting. Approximately 7.5% weight of solid
dry hexachloro-ethane tablets are used to remove the oxide layers of the molten metal at temperature 7500C.
Figures 3 and 4 show the scum powder and degassing tablet used for the fabrication of composites. Stirring
process of the molten metal to create vortex by means of stir casting process and the temperature of molten
metal has been maintained around 7500C.
The stirring of the mixture has been carried out to confirm uniform distribution of reinforcements in the
matrix material. Continuous stirring has been accomplished at the range 250 to 300 rpm to a time of about 15
minutes having the material feed rate at 30gm/minute. After smooth solidification process, preheat the mould to
avoid shrinkage of casting metal for about 3 hours to complete the process. Figures 5 and 6 show the mould box
and accessories used to prepare the samples based on stir casting process.
Figure 1: Stir casting equipment with electric arc furnace
3. Experimental Investigation On Mechanical Properties Of Hybrid Metal Matrix…..
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 5 | May. 2017 | 46 |
Figure2: Stirring method of composites
Figure 3: Determination of stirrer speed with tachometer
Figure 4: Dimmer start for variable speed to stirrer
Figure 5: Mould preparation for Metal matrix composites
4. Experimental Investigation On Mechanical Properties Of Hybrid Metal Matrix…..
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 5 | May. 2017 | 47 |
Figure 6: Fabricated hybrid metal matrix composites
III. RESULTS
3.1 Tensile Strength on hybrid metal matrix composites
The hybrid metal matrix composites were fabricated for measuring the tensile strength at different
compositions. The tensile strength is measured by using universal testing machine, it is observed that when the
tensile strength of Al alloy6063 is 128.54N/mm2
is compared to the other compositions the tensile strength is
increased when the composition is changed.
3.1.1 Sample no1: Al alloy6063
Table 2: Input and output data of Al alloy6063
Input Data
Specimen shape Solid round
Specimen diameter 12.5mm
Initial gauge length 50mm
Pre load value 0 KN
Maximum load 600 KN
Maximum elongation 250mm
Specimen cross section area 130.7mm2
Final gauge length 56mm
Output data
Load at yield 12.5KN
Yield stress 96.54N/mm2
Load at peak 16.62KN
Tensile strength 128.54N/mm2
% of elongation 21.34%
It is observed that the tensile strength is not greater than the 130MPa which is very low when compared
with the initial value of241MPa of Al6063 alloy and minimum percentage elongation is greater than 18% i.e.
having a value of 21.34%.
3.1.2 Sample no2: Al+5%Sic+5%Graphite
Table 3: Input and output data of Al+5%Sic+5%Graphite
Input Data
Specimen shape Solid round
Material type Al+SIC+Gr
Specimen diameter 12.5mm
Initial gauge length 50mm
Pre load value 0 KN
Maximum Elongation 200mm
Specimen cross section area 121.15mm2
Final gauge length 56mm
Output data
Load at yield 10.54KN
Yield stress 87.264N/mm2
Load at peak 14.514KN
Tensile strength 109.623N/mm2
% of elongation 19.34%
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3.1.3 Sample no3: Al+5%Al2o3+5%Graphite
Table 4: Input and output data of Al+5%Al2o3+5%Graphite
Input Data
Specimen shape Solid round
Material type Al+Alumina+Gr
Specimen diameter 12.5mm
Initial gauge length 50mm
Pre load value 0 KN
Maximum Elongation 200mm
Specimen cross section area 121.15mm2
Final gauge length 56mm
Output data
Load at yield 9.95KN
Yield stress 80.524N/mm2
Load at peak 12.340KN
Tensile strength 103.202N/mm2
% of elongation 3.14%
It is observed that the Al6063-5%Al2o3 with this combination we can clearly observe that upon
increasing the percentage of alumina, tensile strength and yield strength of the material increases.
3.1.4 Sample no4: Al+5%Sic+5%Al2O3
Table 5: Input and output data of Al+5%Sic+5%Al2O3
Input Data
Specimen shape Al+Sic+ Alumina
Material type 12.5mm
Specimen diameter
Initial gauge length 50mm
Pre load value 0 KN
Maximum Load 650KN
Maximum Elongation 250mm
Specimen cross section area 121.74mm2
Final gauge length 56mm
Output data
Load at yield 10.89KN
Yield stress 89.758N/mm2
Load at peak 14.250KN
Tensile strength 119.084N/mm2
% of elongation 14.82%
3.1.5 Sample no5: Al+5%Sic+5%Al2O3+5%Graphite
Table 6: Input and output data of Al+5%Sic+5%Al2O3+5%Gr
Input Data
Specimen shape Solid round
Material type Al+Sic+Alumina+Gr
Specimen diameter 12.5mm
Initial gauge length 50mm
Pre load value 0 KN
Maximum Load 650KN
Maximum Elongation 250mm
Specimen cross section area 109.17mm2
Final gauge length 56mm
Output data
Load at yield 11.19KN
Yield stress 102.497N/mm2
Load at peak 14.520KN
Tensile strength 132.854N/mm2
% of elongation 10.68%
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Figure 7: Over all comparison of tensile results
The above graph shows the overall comparison of tensile strengths and it can clearly observe that the
tensile strength is increased to 133MPa which is higher than all the above tested samples. So we can infer that if
we have taken this particular composition we can certainly increase the ultimate tensile strength of the material.
3.2 Hardness test on hybrid metal matrix composites
The hardness is measured by using Brinell hardness equipment. Hardness is a measure of how
resistant solid matter is to various kinds of permanent shape change when a compressive force is applied.
Hardness is depends on ductility, elastic stiffness, plasticity, strain, strength, toughness. Hardness test is
measured by using Brinell hardness equipment.
Figure 8: Computerized Brinell hardness equipment
Figure 9: Dents formed during hardness method
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Table 7: Hardness results
Material Type Ball diameter Test load Hardness result
Al6063 5.0mm 250kg 46.5HBW
Al+5%Sic+5%Graphite 5.0mm 250kg 46.5HBW
Al+5%Al2o3+5%Graphite 5.0mm 250kg 44.7HBW
Al+5% Sic+5%Al2o3 5.0mm 250kg 47.5HBW
Al+5% Sic+5%Al2o3+5%Graphite 5.0mm 250kg 49.6HBW
Figure 10: Over all comparison of hardness results
IV. CONCLUSIONS
Hybrid Metal-matrix composite of Al6063 alloy reinforced with graphite (Gr),alumina(Al2o3) and
silicon carbide (SiC) are fabricated successfully. Tensile strength of fabricated metal matrix composites are done
successfully and observed that composition of Al+5% Sic+5%Al2o3+5%Graphite is having higher tensile
strength of 133MPa compared to the other compositions. Hardness of the composites are performed successfully
and concluded that material composition of Al+5% Sic+5%Al2o3+5%Graphite is having higher hardness of
49.6 HBW compared to the other compositions.
REFERENCES
[1]. Mukeshkumar, Randeepsingh ”Enhancement of mechanical properties of aluminium based metal
matrix composite reinforced silicon carbid” International journal of technical research (ijtr) vol. 4, issue
2, jul- aug 2015.
[2]. V. Daniel Jebin, D.Shivalingappa, J. JenixRino “Wear behaviour of AL6063-Alumina Metal Matrix
Composite” Volume 2 Issue 3, March 2013.
[3]. MsRaviraj ,C.M Sharanprabhu ,G.C Mohankumar “ experimental analysis on processing and properties
of Al6061-TiC metal matrix composites”. M.S. Raviraj et al. /Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014)
2032 – 2038.
[4]. GauravMahajan, Nikhil Karve, UdayPatil, P. Kuppan* and K. Venkatesan “Analysis of Microstructure,
Hardness and Wear of Al-SiC-TiB₂ Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite “Indian Journal of Science and
Technology, Vol 8(S2), 101-105, January 2015.