Exploration and analysis of oil and gas field ( 3D seismic survey)
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This document discusses different types of seismic surveys used in oil and gas exploration and production. It describes 2D seismic surveys, which are inexpensive but provide lower quality data. 3D seismic surveys acquire more detailed data in three dimensions and are more effective for mapping anomalies. 4D seismic surveys involve repeat 3D surveys over time to monitor reservoir performance and locate remaining resources as extraction progresses. Factors like vessel configuration, line orientation, and marine life can impact survey quality and efficiency.
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The measurement versus depth or time, or both, of one or more physical properties in a well.
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is one of the first steps in
searching for oil and gas resources that directly
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This brief overview of exploration includes segments on exploration processes, some historical perspective including an explanation of hydrocarbons, and finally we’ll discuss the ‘basin-play concept’.
There are 4 key steps to summarize the oil and gas exploration process:
First is understanding and evaluating the geologic setting, called a play,
Next is obtaining access to the potential reserves usually in the form of a lease.
The third step is determining where to drill and completing a successful discovery or “wildcat” well.
Finally, additional hydrocarbon reserves can be added to the portfolio of an oil company using guidelines set by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Oil and gas is composed of compressed hydrocarbons. It was formed millions of years ago in a process that began when plant and animal remains were covered by very deep layers of sediment – minute particles of rock and minerals. With time, extreme pressure and high temperatures, these particles became a mix of both solid (coal) and liquid hydrocarbons. Even diamonds are a form of hydrocarbons.
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1. The document describes the key elements of a petroleum system including the source rock, migration route, reservoir rock, seal rock, and trap that are necessary for oil and gas accumulation.
2. It explains the processes of generation of petroleum from organic-rich source rocks buried deep underground and subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years, and the migration of oil and gas from the source rock into porous reservoir rocks.
3. The document outlines the characteristics of reservoir rocks that allow for the accumulation and storage of oil and gas, as well as cap rocks that form an impermeable seal above reservoir rocks preventing further migration and trapping hydrocarbons below.
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This document discusses reservoir characteristics, rock and fluid properties, and drive mechanisms. It provides information on:
1) Techniques like seismic data, well logging, core analysis, and well testing that are used to understand the reservoir and develop an accurate reservoir model.
2) Reservoir characteristics including rock type, porosity, permeability, and factors that allow hydrocarbon accumulation like sufficient pore space and traps.
3) Rock properties such as porosity, permeability, and how they impact fluid flow.
4) Fluid properties including phase behavior under varying pressures and temperatures, properties of different fluid types, and sampling techniques.
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Seismic survey
is one of the first steps in
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Tomography is a technique used in seismology to map the three-dimensional structure within the Earth using seismic waves from earthquakes. It works similarly to medical CAT scans by using seismic waves that travel through the Earth from many different angles and combining the data to develop a detailed image of seismic wave speed variations inside the Earth. This reveals information about temperature, composition, and movement of convection currents within the mantle and core.
Presentation by Ian Reid february 2012
The 3D seismic survey of Block Z34 offshore Peru revealed several prospect types with the potential for hydrocarbon resources. Type 1 prospects in the Erika South area consist of Eocene deltaic sandstone reservoirs trapped in rollover anticlines. Type 2 prospects involve middle to upper Eocene deltaic sandstones trapped in fault blocks. Type 3 prospects are stratigraphic traps of Oligocene and Miocene slope fan reservoirs. A Type 4 prospect in the Erika North area features Eocene deltaic sandstones in a rollover anticline. Processing of the 3D seismic data is ongoing to further define and de-risk these prospects in preparation for potential drilling in 2012-2013.
Application of time lapse (4 d) seismic for petroleum reservoir monitoring an...
This document summarizes the application of time lapse (4D) seismic technology for monitoring petroleum reservoirs. 4D seismic involves acquiring 3D seismic surveys at different times over a producing reservoir to detect changes related to production. Case studies from various fields demonstrate benefits like optimizing injection profiles, identifying bypassed oil, and improving well placement. The Gullfaks field case study showed 4D seismic helped identify two previously undiscovered oil-bearing compartments and led to additional oil production. Overall, 4D seismic provides valuable insights into reservoir fluid behavior that can increase oil recovery rates.
On The Bottom Of The Ocean
This very short document is only one sentence and does not provide enough context or meaning to generate a useful 3 sentence summary. The document appears to be missing words or is potentially in another language, so it is difficult to determine the topic or essential information being conveyed.
The Ocean Bottom Seismometer
Ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) are instruments that measure tectonic movements and earthquakes from the seafloor. They were developed in the 1970s but modern versions have lower power usage, higher precision clocks, and can detect smaller motions. OBSs are used to study the structure of the Earth's mantle and crust, calculate earthquake energy levels, and predict seismic events. They are deployed for periods ranging from 2 months to over a year and have provided insights into phenomena like sea floor spreading and whale vocalizations.
TuD20203_Sepat
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Most of the world’s earthquakes take place in the Pacific Ring of Fire, and we are talking about 90% of all the seismic activities. Yet, we have explored only about 5% of Earth’s ocean. The summer program I took in 2009 in IONTU expanded my curiosity of the understanding of the fundamental processes deep in the planet earth’s interior. During my time in IONTU, the program about ocean provided me the aspects of intrigue and mystery. And the presentation I posted might just answer you “Why we should care?” and “What difference does it make?” and “So What?"
Quantifying of Natural Fault Geometry: San Andreas Faul
1) The document proposes a new quantitative approach to analyzing natural fault geometry by objectively fitting mapped fault systems to a test function representing a branching fault.
2) When applying this method to dextral strike-slip faults in California, they find that (1) the largest angle of the branch structure is generally very close to 180 degrees, implying it is a splay fault branching from the primary fault, and (2) the distribution of the smallest angle (the splay angle) peaks near 17 degrees symmetric around the primary fault.
3) These features appear independent of scale, posing new questions and constraints for theories of fault system formation and behavior.
A Seismic Oil and Gas Primer
Seismic data provides an image of underground rock formations and structures using sound waves. It is collected by sending sound waves into the ground from vibrators or explosives and recording the reflections with sensors. This allows oil and gas companies to locate optimal drilling sites. Landowners are paid for surface access and potential damages, but incur no other costs, while benefitting if more production increases revenues.
Ocean bottom seismic in the oseberg south area j daniels
Ocean bottom seismic in the Oseberg South area by John Dangerfield, Jim Daniels, Per Riste, Mari Skaug and Vibeke Haugen
Summer training report_Samiur Rahman Khan_Geologist
This document provides a project report on the interpretation of geological and geophysical data in Schlumberger's Petrel software. It was submitted by four final year students to ONGC and supervised by Mr. S.K. Das. The report describes loading seismic data from the Gulf of Mexico and Angola into Petrel, including descriptions of the geology of those areas. It then outlines the various processes used in Petrel for seismic data visualization, well tie generation, fault and horizon interpretation, map generation, seismic attribute analysis, velocity modeling, and advanced seismic interpretation techniques.
Seminar presentation 2014
This document discusses maximizing the effectiveness of time-lapse (4D) seismic surveys in the Niger Delta region. It provides examples of 4D seismic surveys conducted on fields in the Niger Delta like the Bonga field, Meren field, and Ofon field. These case studies demonstrate how 4D seismic helped locate bypassed reserves, optimize well placements, and improve understanding of reservoir connectivity and fluid movement. The document argues that expanding the use of 4D seismic in more fields in the Niger Delta, both mature and new, can help maximize enhanced oil recovery and meet Nigeria's oil production targets.
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2 d and 3d land seismic data acquisition and seismic data processing
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3D Seismic Surveys Provide Detailed Insight into Subsurface Geology
3D Seismic Surveys Provide Detailed Insight into Subsurface Geology
Seismic attribute analysis using complex trace analysis
Seismic attribute analysis using complex trace analysis
Application of time lapse (4 d) seismic for petroleum reservoir monitoring an...
Application of time lapse (4 d) seismic for petroleum reservoir monitoring an...
Application of Ocean Bottom Seismometer in Studying Marine Seismicity
Application of Ocean Bottom Seismometer in Studying Marine Seismicity
Quantifying of Natural Fault Geometry: San Andreas Faul
Quantifying of Natural Fault Geometry: San Andreas Faul
Ocean bottom seismic in the oseberg south area j daniels
Ocean bottom seismic in the oseberg south area j daniels
Summer training report_Samiur Rahman Khan_Geologist
Summer training report_Samiur Rahman Khan_Geologist
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Exploration and analysis of oil and gas field ( 3D seismic survey)
- 2. Exploration & Production Life Cycle • Exploration • Appraisal • Development • Production • Decommissioning
- 5. Performance rate • Survey location • Time of year • Survey size, particularly sail line length • Vessel configuration • Line orientation and prevailing current direction • Fishing and shipping activity in the survey area • Other seismic operations • Marine mammal activity • Drilling and subsea equipment maintenance
- 6. Types of Seismic Survey • 2-D Seismic Survey • 3-D Seismic Survey • 4-D Seismic Survey
- 8. 2- D Seismic Interpretation
- 9. Advantages of 2-D Seismic Survey • Easiest survey method • Inexpensive Disadvantages of 2-D Seismic Survey • Not effective in some location • Anomalies are harder to map, • Not of better quality • Exploration drilling success rate using 2D seismic data is very less (25%)
- 10. 3-D Seismic Survey Acquisition of a typical 3D marine seismic survey
- 12. Effect of Azimuth Angle
- 13. Comparison between images acquired with narrow-azimuth and wide-azimuth methods
- 14. Towing-Depth Trade-Offs Ghost multiples, or reflections at the underside of the sea surface
- 15. 4-D Seismic Survey 3-D Time 4-D
- 16. Benefits of 4-D seismic Survey The flow of the hydrocarbons within can be traced and better understood Helps geologists to understand how the reservoir reacts to gas injection or water flooding Help to locate untapped pockets of oil or gas within the reservoir
- 17. Comparison Between 2-D and 3-D 1. Survey Line 2-D and 3-D seismic Survey Line
- 18. 2. Image Quality Analogical comparison of quality of image in 2-D and 3-D
- 19. 3. Economic Analysis Comparisons of 2D and 3D activities in Western Canada for the year of 1997