Excretory kidney
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The document summarizes the structure and function of the mammalian kidney and nephron. The kidney contains thousands of nephrons which filter blood to produce urine. Each nephron includes a glomerulus for blood filtration and a tubule for reabsorption and secretion. Hormones like antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone regulate water and electrolyte balance by controlling reabsorption in different parts of the nephron.
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The kidneys have excellent blood supply and filter plasma to remove waste and regulate water/ion balance through processes of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion; the nephron is the functional unit where filtration occurs at the glomerulus and capillaries aid reabsorption; precise control of filtration, reabsorption of substances like sodium, glucose and water, and secretion of potassium allows the kidneys to maintain electrolyte and fluid homeostasis.
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Additional sodium is transported by COUNTER-TRANSPORT that reabsorb sodium while secreting hydrogen.
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A lower % age of Cl- is also absorbed.
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In 2nd half of PC tubules, mainly Na+ is reabsorbed with Cl- and some of glucose + a.acids remain un-absorbed.
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I am a medical student. I have one friend who is persuing his MBBS degree in Taishan Medical UNiversity. I got these notes from him.
These notes are by Dr. Bikesh, He is a famous lecturer of TMU.
These notes have helped me a lot and i also watch his lecture videos , which are great; highly simple and huge content.
I am uploading with Renal physiology. If you want some other topics i would upload for you.
"Let the Knowledge be spread" Dr. Bikesh
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3. The nephron as the functional unit of the kidney, describing its role in filtration, reabsorption, secretion and other processes.
4. Key physiological concepts like the countercurrent multiplier mechanism and regulation of electrolytes and acid-base balance.
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I am a medical student. I have one friend who is persuing his MBBS degree in Taishan Medical UNiversity. I got these notes from him.
These notes are by Dr. Bikesh, He is a famous lecturer of TMU.
These notes have helped me a lot and i also watch his lecture videos , which are great; highly simple and huge content.
I am uploading with Renal physiology. If you want some other topics i would upload for you.
"Let the Knowledge be spread" Dr. Bikesh
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1. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood to remove waste and regulate fluid balance.
2. A nephron contains a renal corpuscle with glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, and a renal tubule including the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
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The urinary system filters wastes from the blood and regulates fluid balance through the kidneys and urine production. The kidneys contain nephrons which filter blood to form urine and regulate electrolyte and acid-base balance. Urine passes from the kidneys through ureters to the bladder and is eliminated through the urethra. Precise control of filtration, reabsorption and secretion allows the kidneys to regulate fluid balance and remove nitrogenous and other wastes from the body.
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The document discusses the formation of concentrated urine through a countercurrent system and urea recycling in the kidneys. It explains that concentrated urine is formed through (1) high levels of ADH hormone and (2) development and maintenance of a hyperosmotic renal medullary interstitium. This gradient is established through a countercurrent system using the loop of Henle and vasa recta blood vessels, as well as urea recycling back into the medulla. Sodium and other solutes are deposited in the medulla through these mechanisms to draw water out of the urine as it passes through the kidneys, resulting in highly concentrated urine.
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It is the second step of urine formation.
It is defined as;
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Tubular reabsorption is highly selective.
Some substances like glucose and amino acids are completely absorbed from tubules. So, the urinary excretion is zero.
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Materials Not Reabsorbed
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The document describes three basic renal processes:
1) Glomerular filtration filters blood in the kidneys to form primitive urine.
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- Glomerular filtration is determined by the net filtration pressure and filtration coefficient. Forces increasing filtration are glomerular hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure in Bowman's space. Forces decreasing filtration are plasma oncotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space.
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Features of PCTPCT have high capacity of active & passive re-absorption.
This is due to special cellular features of epithelial cells.
They have increased no. of mitochondria due to high metabolic activity.
brush border on luminal (apical) side.
Brush border contains protein carrier molecules to transport Na+ by co-transport mechanism with other substances (a.acids, glucose etc).
Additional sodium is transported by COUNTER-TRANSPORT that reabsorb sodium while secreting hydrogen.
About 65 % of filtered load of Na+ & water is reabsorbed in PCT.
A lower % age of Cl- is also absorbed.
In 1st half of PC tubules, Na+ is re-absorbed by co-transport along with glucose, a.acids and other solutes.
In 2nd half of PC tubules, mainly Na+ is reabsorbed with Cl- and some of glucose + a.acids remain un-absorbed.
2nd half of PCT has high conc of Cl- (140 mEq/L) as compared to 1st half (105 mEq/L).
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I am a medical student. I have one friend who is persuing his MBBS degree in Taishan Medical UNiversity. I got these notes from him.
These notes are by Dr. Bikesh, He is a famous lecturer of TMU.
These notes have helped me a lot and i also watch his lecture videos , which are great; highly simple and huge content.
I am uploading with Renal physiology. If you want some other topics i would upload for you.
"Let the Knowledge be spread" Dr. Bikesh
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This document provides an overview of urine formation and glomerular filtration rate. It discusses the key parts of nephron involved including glomerulus, Bowman's capsule and different segments of nephron. The three main steps in urine formation are glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Glomerular filtration is the process by which plasma is filtered into Bowman's space to form primary urine. The rate of glomerular filtration is regulated by various factors like hydrostatic and oncotic pressures in the glomerular capillaries. Glomerular filtration rate can be measured by using clearance of substances like inulin, creatinine and urea that are freely filtered but neither re
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The document provides an overview of kidney anatomy and physiology. It discusses:
1. The basic functions and structures of the kidney, including filtration, homeostasis, and hormone production.
2. The anatomy of the kidney, including locations of the cortex, medulla, renal pyramids and other structures.
3. The nephron as the functional unit of the kidney, describing its role in filtration, reabsorption, secretion and other processes.
4. Key physiological concepts like the countercurrent multiplier mechanism and regulation of electrolytes and acid-base balance.
Urine formation
The kidneys produce urine through three main processes:
1) Filtration of water and dissolved substances from the blood in the glomeruli into the Bowman's capsule.
2) Reabsorption of water, nutrients like glucose, and ions like sodium out of the kidney tubules and back into the bloodstream, preventing their loss in urine.
3) Secretion of substances like hydrogen and potassium ions, ammonia, and drugs from the blood into the kidney tubules to be eliminated in urine, which helps regulate acid-base balance.
Renal physiology 5
I am a medical student. I have one friend who is persuing his MBBS degree in Taishan Medical UNiversity. I got these notes from him.
These notes are by Dr. Bikesh, He is a famous lecturer of TMU.
These notes have helped me a lot and i also watch his lecture videos , which are great; highly simple and huge content.
I am uploading with Renal physiology. If you want some other topics i would upload for you.
"Let the Knowledge be spread" Dr. Bikesh
Body fluids
The human body is composed primarily of water (60% of body weight) and proteins (18% of body weight). Water constitutes a higher percentage of body weight in infants (82%) compared to elderly adults (52%). The total body water is divided into intracellular fluid (ICF, 2/3 of total) and extracellular fluid (ECF, 1/3 of total). ECF is further divided into intravascular, interstitial, and transcellular fluids. Osmotic and hydrostatic pressures regulate the exchange of fluids between blood vessels and tissues.
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Total description about HUMAN WASTE & EXCRETION as well as Removing waste nitrogenous products from body, Information about Nephron.
Passive Transport
Passive transport across the plasma membrane can occur through simple diffusion of molecules like water, or through transport proteins. Transport proteins include channel proteins that form channels for molecules to pass through simultaneously without energy input, and carrier proteins that bind molecules and change shape to transport them one by one against the concentration gradient through facilitated diffusion, requiring no energy from the cell. All of these examples of passive transport rely on molecular movement down a concentration gradient without cellular energy input.
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The urinary system filters waste and regulates water balance. The kidneys contain nephrons which are the functional units. Nephrons contain a glomerulus for blood filtration and renal tubules for reabsorption and secretion. Filtration in the glomerulus forms an ultrafiltrate which is then modified by tubular processes to form urine. Tubular reabsorption recovers necessary molecules while secretion adds waste. Together filtration, reabsorption and secretion by nephrons precisely regulate urine composition to maintain water, electrolyte and acid-base balance in the blood.
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human kidney structural and functions.different types of structural components present in kidney and each structure having definite functions.structural and functional aspects of kidney.
oct/nov 2007 biology paper 3
this is a past paper for biology...hope u enjoy and join my clan if u play clash of clans...my clan is cagey men
Renal disease & protein
The document discusses the relationship between high protein diets and chronic kidney disease. It notes that while short term increases in protein intake lead to hyperfiltration as a normal adaptive response, long term high intake can stress the kidneys and promote disease through increased glomerular pressure and filtration. However, protein-induced changes appear to be well tolerated in healthy individuals without underlying metabolic issues. The document concludes that protein intake appears to pose little risk to kidney function as long as one's kidneys are healthy.
Osmoregulation and excretion
The document summarizes water balance in the human body and kangaroo rat. It shows that humans gain water through ingestion and lose it through urine, feces, evaporation and metabolism. Kangaroo rats gain less water through ingestion and lose more in urine than humans. The document also discusses a radio contest where a participant died from drinking too much water too quickly.
The urinary system
The document is from a chapter on the urinary system from a human anatomy and physiology textbook. It provides information on kidney functions such as filtering blood and regulating fluid balance. It describes the internal structures of the kidney including nephrons, which filter blood to form urine. Key processes in urine formation are glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion. Factors such as blood pressure and hormones regulate glomerular filtration rate to control the production and composition of urine.
Kidney & Urinary System
The document outlines the structure and functions of the kidney and urinary system. It describes the parts of the nephron including the glomerulus, proximal and distal tubules, and collecting ducts. It discusses renal functions such as water balance, acid-base balance, and waste excretion. It also covers renal function tests, urinalysis, acute and chronic renal failure, glomerular diseases including nephrotic syndrome and nephritic syndrome, and specific conditions like glomerulonephritis.
Renal funcion test
rft is described in detail . function of kidney, objectives of doing the test. the various test available for assessing the renal function with clinical interpretation is available.
Estimation of glomerular filtration rate
Renal function, or glomerular filtration rate (GFR), indicates the state of the kidneys and is measured by the volume of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit of time. GFR can be estimated by measuring creatinine or other substances that are freely filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted by the kidneys. While creatinine clearance is commonly used to estimate GFR, it may overestimate by 10-20% due to minimal creatinine secretion. Alternative methods to more directly measure GFR include collecting urine over 24 hours or injecting inulin, though these have limitations as well.
Kidneys
The document discusses excretion in animals and plants. It describes the process of excretion and the major waste products excreted, such as carbon dioxide, urea, and bile pigments. It also outlines the key excretory organs in mammals, including the lungs, kidneys, skin, and liver. The kidneys play an important role in homeostasis by removing nitrogenous wastes like urea from the blood and regulating water and salt concentrations. The basic unit of the kidney is the nephron, where blood is filtered to form urine and allow for reabsorption of useful substances and removal of wastes.
25 chen acute renal failure
This document summarizes recent literature on acute renal failure (ARF). It discusses increasing incidence and mortality of ARF, as well as staging criteria like RIFLE and AKIN. Common causes of ARF include prerenal azotemia, acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, contrast-induced nephropathy. Treatment focuses on IV fluids, removing triggers, adjusting medications, and initiating dialysis for refractory complications. Prognosis depends on need for dialysis and presence of other organ failures.
Food and diet
Food provides energy, supports growth and repair of tissues, and keeps the body healthy. A balanced diet consists of the right amounts of water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and fiber. Carbohydrates and lipids provide energy, proteins support growth and repair, and minerals and vitamins enable chemical reactions in the body. A lack of nutrients results in malnutrition, while an excess of calories leads to obesity. Maintaining a balanced diet through a variety of foods is important for overall health and wellness.
Autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood
The document summarizes the autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow. It describes two main mechanisms - tubuloglomerular feedback and myogenic autoregulation. Tubuloglomerular feedback senses sodium chloride concentration at the macula densa and controls afferent and efferent arteriole diameter to maintain GFR. Myogenic autoregulation involves the vascular smooth muscle sensing changes in arterial pressure to resist vessel stretching and regulate resistance. These mechanisms help keep GFR and renal blood flow relatively constant despite changes in blood pressure, preventing extreme fluctuations in renal excretion.
Renal blood flow & jga
1. Renal blood flow is tightly regulated to maintain a constant rate of around 1200 mL/min despite wide changes in blood pressure, through mechanisms like autoregulation and tubuloglomerular feedback.
2. The kidneys receive a high blood flow of around 20-30% of cardiac output despite their small size, and oxygen consumption in the kidneys is very high, second only to the heart.
3. Blood enters the kidneys through the renal artery and is distributed through a branching network of arteries before entering the glomerular capillaries and surrounding the nephron tubules, with the renal veins collecting the blood and returning it to circulation.
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Chapter 11 Excretion Lesson 2 - The Mammalian Urinary System
Chapter 11 Excretion Lesson 2 - The Mammalian Urinary System
Commonly renal diseases associated with urine elements/Kridsada31
Commonly renal diseases associated with urine elements/Kridsada31
Autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood
Autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood
Similar to Excretory kidney
Kidney.pptx
The renal system functions to filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid balance. It contains two kidneys each composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The functional unit is the nephron, which filters blood in the glomerulus and reabsorbs nutrients in the proximal tubule. As fluid moves through the loop of Henlé and collecting duct, the countercurrent multiplier mechanism and ADH hormone regulate water reabsorption to produce a concentrated urine.
Avian excretory system
1 . EXCRETION
Waste product removal e.g. nitrogenous – uric acid (mammals urea , fish ammonia)
Kidneys – secrete uric acid (product of protein metabolism)
Gastro-intestinal tract secretions e.g. bile
No sweat glands
Salt glands (water birds)
Water loss – lungs
2. URINARY SYSTEM
• Major organs are the kidneys, the ureter and the cloaca.
• No urinary bladder in bird.
3 . ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY
Avian kidneys are paired fitted closely the bony depression on the dorsal wall of the pelvis . Each kidney is divided into three lobes.
4 .
5 . NEPHRON
Two kinds of nephrons.
1. Reptilian nephron
2. Mammalian nephron
• 6 .
• 7. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AVIAN AND MAMMALIAN KIDNEY
8. RENAL PORTAL SYSTEM
Uric acid is formed in the liver as well as the kidneys of the birds from ammonia, which is the most toxic protein metabolic by product .
9. GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
Fluid pressure forces water and dissolved substances from glomerular blood to Bowman’s capsule .
Filtration averages 125 ml/min form two kidneys.
10 . TUBULAR REABSORPTION
Return of the useful substances from the filtrate to the blood capillaries or interstitial fluid.
11 . COUNTER CURRENT MECHANISM
This mechanism works in the loop of henle to increase water reabsorbed from the descending limb as a result of salt reabsorbed from the ascending limb .
12 . POST RENAL URINE MODIFICATION
After the presentation of urine to cloaca their might be retrograde flow or backward flow of urine into the colon.
In the colon reabsorption of excessive amount of water as well as sodium ion takes place.
13 . HORMONES RESPONSIBLE FOR URINE FORMATION
Arginine vasotocin ,Angiotensin ׀׀ ,Aldosterone ,ANP (arterial natriuretic peptide)
Aldosterone is responsible for the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium in the filtrate.
AnswerKidneys are the functional units of renal system of rom uri.pdf
Answer:
Kidneys are the functional units of renal system of rom urine and it is essential to maintain
homeostasis. Blood is going to enter into the kidney through renal arteries followed by entry of
afferent arterioles into the \"glomerulus of nephrons\" & leave the filtrate (according to
concentration gradient) finally exists as efferent arteriole
Kidneys are the major organs of urinary system. The filtration of blood takes place in the kidneys
through the nephrons. Two ureters carry the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. From
the bladder, urine is excreted out through the urethra. Relatable analogy is presence of \"similar
ureters\" and two bean shaped kidenys with nephrons
The different stages in glomerular filtration or urine formation are.
Filtration: The movement of water and solutes from the plasma into the renal tubules is known as
filtration. The major driving force of the filtration is hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus
capillaries.
Blood passes through the capillaries in the glomerulus, due to the hydrostatic pressure in the
Bowman’s capsule, plasma is filtered into the Bowman\'s capsule except blood proteins (this is
called ultra-filtration). This filtrate is called glomerular filtrate. Hydrostatic pressure is the
pressure exerted by the filtrate in Bowman\'s capsule (15 mm Hg).
Absorption (or reabsorption):
It is the movement of water and solutes from the renal tubule into the plasma. The process of
absorption mostly occurs in the proximal tubules (approximately 70% of the filtrate is
reabsorbed from the proximal tubules). The process of reabsorption is driven by hydrostatic and
oncotic pressure, which is strictly under hormonal regulation.
Oncotic pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood proteins, which draws water in to the
circulation.
Secretion:
Tubular reabsorption of water and other substances back to the blood occur while the glomerular
filtrate passes through the tubular portion of nephron. About 99% of water and electrolytes are
reabsorbed during this process by both active and passive reabsorption process. During tubular
secretion, substances pass from the blood into renal tubules.
Excretion:
Urine from the renal tubules enter into the collecting duct à Papillary duct à Calyx à Renal pelvis
à Ureters à Urinary bladder à Urethra (excreted out of the body.).
Normal glomerular filtration rate in the Bowman’s capsule is from 90 to 120 ml / min/1.73 m2.
Usually older people do have a bit lower normal GFR levels as it is naturally reduce with age.
Given GFR is 35mL/min/1.73 m2 (moderate decrease), it tells about the patient’s kidney
function that “a sign of chronic kidney disease” because of diabetes, high blood pressure
followed by glomerulonephritis. It is better control blood pressure by hormonal release.
The three stages of urine formation are 1. Filtration; 2. Tubular reabsorption & secretion; 3.
Water conservation
Glomerular filtration (GFR):
The formation of urine includes
1. Glomerular filtration
.
AnswerKidneys are the functional units of renal system of rom uri.pdf
Answer:
Kidneys are the functional units of renal system of rom urine and it is essential to maintain
homeostasis. Blood is going to enter into the kidney through renal arteries followed by entry of
afferent arterioles into the \"glomerulus of nephrons\" & leave the filtrate (according to
concentration gradient) finally exists as efferent arteriole
Kidneys are the major organs of urinary system. The filtration of blood takes place in the kidneys
through the nephrons. Two ureters carry the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. From
the bladder, urine is excreted out through the urethra. Relatable analogy is presence of \"similar
ureters\" and two bean shaped kidenys with nephrons
The different stages in glomerular filtration or urine formation are.
Filtration: The movement of water and solutes from the plasma into the renal tubules is known as
filtration. The major driving force of the filtration is hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus
capillaries.
Blood passes through the capillaries in the glomerulus, due to the hydrostatic pressure in the
Bowman’s capsule, plasma is filtered into the Bowman\'s capsule except blood proteins (this is
called ultra-filtration). This filtrate is called glomerular filtrate. Hydrostatic pressure is the
pressure exerted by the filtrate in Bowman\'s capsule (15 mm Hg).
Absorption (or reabsorption):
It is the movement of water and solutes from the renal tubule into the plasma. The process of
absorption mostly occurs in the proximal tubules (approximately 70% of the filtrate is
reabsorbed from the proximal tubules). The process of reabsorption is driven by hydrostatic and
oncotic pressure, which is strictly under hormonal regulation.
Oncotic pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood proteins, which draws water in to the
circulation.
Secretion:
Tubular reabsorption of water and other substances back to the blood occur while the glomerular
filtrate passes through the tubular portion of nephron. About 99% of water and electrolytes are
reabsorbed during this process by both active and passive reabsorption process. During tubular
secretion, substances pass from the blood into renal tubules.
Excretion:
Urine from the renal tubules enter into the collecting duct à Papillary duct à Calyx à Renal pelvis
à Ureters à Urinary bladder à Urethra (excreted out of the body.).
Normal glomerular filtration rate in the Bowman’s capsule is from 90 to 120 ml / min/1.73 m2.
Usually older people do have a bit lower normal GFR levels as it is naturally reduce with age.
Given GFR is 35mL/min/1.73 m2 (moderate decrease), it tells about the patient’s kidney
function that “a sign of chronic kidney disease” because of diabetes, high blood pressure
followed by glomerulonephritis. It is better control blood pressure by hormonal release.
The three stages of urine formation are 1. Filtration; 2. Tubular reabsorption & secretion; 3.
Water conservation
Glomerular filtration (GFR):
The formation of urine includes
1. Glomerular filtration
.
Excretory System.pdf
This document summarizes the structure and function of the excretory system, with a focus on the kidneys. It describes how the kidneys filter waste from the blood via nephrons, which contain a glomerulus for filtration and a tubule for reabsorption and secretion. Key hormone mechanisms that regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance are discussed, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and antidiuretic hormone. The stages of urine production and specific functions of kidney tubule segments are outlined.
16. The Urinary System
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine and regulate fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it is stored until micturition. During micturition, the bladder contracts while sphincters relax to expel urine through the urethra to the outside of the body.
Lp 16 urinary system & urinalysis 2008
The document provides information on the urinary system and urinalysis. It describes the structures of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It then discusses the functions of the kidneys including production of urine, regulation of fluid balance and acid-base balance, and hormone production. Microscopic anatomy of the nephron is explained along with terms like osmosis, diffusion, reabsorption, and secretion. Physiology concepts such as urine concentration and regulation of volume are summarized. Finally, some common urinary conditions and what they indicate in urinalysis are briefly mentioned.
URINARY SYSTEM PPT.pptx
The urinary system maintains homeostasis by filtering the blood and regulating fluid volume and composition. It includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter blood to produce urine, removing waste and regulating electrolytes. Urine moves from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters and is expelled via the urethra. Precise regulation of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion allow the urinary system to maintain fluid balance and blood composition.
27-Premedical_Excretory.pdf
The excretory system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. They contain nephrons, which are the functional units of filtration. Urine is carried from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters. The bladder stores urine until release through the urethra. The kidneys play several important roles including regulating water balance and electrolyte levels, filtering wastes, and secreting hormones like erythropoietin and renin.
Urinary
The document provides an overview of the urinary system, including the anatomy and functions of the kidneys and other components. The kidneys filter blood to remove waste and regulate fluid balance. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and reabsorbs water and nutrients while secreting wastes. Urine is stored in the bladder and eliminated through the urethra under voluntary control.
11.3 the kidney
The kidney removes waste from the body through excretion. It contains a cortex and medulla, and is made up of functional units called nephrons. Nephrons contain a glomerulus for ultrafiltration of blood and a tubule for reabsorption of needed substances like water and glucose before urine is formed. The kidney regulates water balance through processes like reabsorption and the hormone ADH to concentrate or dilute urine as needed.
HAP 6 semester 2 bpharm pci syllabus BP201T
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration. In the nephrons, blood is filtered in the glomerulus and the filtrate is processed and regulated in the renal tubules to form urine. Hormones like aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone help regulate water and electrolyte balance to control blood pressure, volume, and pH. The kidneys also regulate red blood cell production and blood glucose levels through hormone secretion.
Excretion Topic 11.3
The document summarizes key aspects of excretion and the kidney's role in excretion and maintaining water balance. It describes the three main processes involved - ultrafiltration in the malpighian body, selective reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule, and urine formation in the loop of henle and collecting duct. It also outlines the structures of the nephron and kidney, and how different regions work together to filter and regulate blood content.
Unit- IX Excretory System.pptx
The urinary system removes waste from the body through urine. It consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine. The ureters then carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination, when urine passes through the urethra and out of the body. The kidneys also help regulate water balance and electrolyte levels in the blood through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion processes in the nephrons.
EXCRETORY-PRODUCTS-THEIR-ELIMINATION.pptx
The document discusses human excretory system and urine formation. It describes that the human excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, which are the functional units. Urine is formed through glomerular filtration, reabsorption and tubular secretion in the nephrons. Various mechanisms such as countercurrent multiplication help concentrate the urine. Kidney function is regulated by hormones like ADH, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and atrial natriuretic factor.
Regulation of urine concentration and volume ].pdf
The document discusses several key mechanisms involved in regulating urine concentration and volume by the kidneys:
1) The kidneys use countercurrent mechanisms like the countercurrent multiplier and countercurrent exchanger to regulate solute concentration and maintain osmotic balance.
2) Hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulate water reabsorption in the collecting duct to concentrate urine when needed.
3) Clearance studies can assess how quickly substances are filtered and excreted by the kidneys, providing insight into renal function.
Chap 19 aice excretion
The document discusses homeostasis and osmoregulation in animals. It explains that animals must maintain fairly narrow concentrations of water and solutes. It then describes different mechanisms that aquatic, desert, and marine animals use for osmoregulation. These include adaptations for water uptake, conservation of solutes, and regulation of water and solute balance between internal fluids and the external environment. The document also discusses the roles of the kidneys, nephrons, and associated structures in vertebrate osmoregulation and excretion.
Urinary system
The document provides an overview of the structure and functions of the urinary system. It discusses the anatomy of the kidneys, nephrons, and other structures. It explains how the kidneys filter blood to form urine and reabsorb necessary molecules. Key functions of the urinary system include excreting waste, regulating blood volume and pressure, and maintaining acid-base and electrolyte balance in the body. Hormones and the autonomic nervous system help regulate urine production and concentration.
17 Osmoregulation II PPT.pdf
The kidney maintains homeostasis through 6 main functions: ion balance, osmotic balance, blood pressure control, pH balance, excretion of wastes, and hormone production. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood in the glomerulus and reabsorbs and secretes solutes along the renal tubule. Hormones and the kidney's intrinsic regulatory mechanisms precisely control urine production and composition to match the body's needs. The kidney's structure and function can also adapt to environmental conditions like varying water availability.
role of kidney in osmoregulation
The kidney regulates water and salt balance in the body through osmoregulation. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which is composed of a glomerulus and renal tubule. The tubule filters blood, reabsorbs necessary molecules and ions, and excretes waste through specialized transport properties along its sections. Hormones like antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone control water and salt balance by regulating permeability and reabsorption in the kidney tubules.
Similar to Excretory kidney (20)
AnswerKidneys are the functional units of renal system of rom uri.pdf
AnswerKidneys are the functional units of renal system of rom uri.pdf
AnswerKidneys are the functional units of renal system of rom uri.pdf
AnswerKidneys are the functional units of renal system of rom uri.pdf
Regulation of urine concentration and volume ].pdf
Regulation of urine concentration and volume ].pdf
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Sex chromosomes
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3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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Excretory kidney
- 6. Urinary System of a Human Female
- 11. Fig. 49.18(TE Art) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Renal tubule Excretion Filtration Reabsorption to blood Secretion from blood Glomerulus Bowman's capsule
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- 18. Fig. 49.22(TE Art) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Low blood pressure Bowman's capsule Distal convoluted tubule Glomerulus Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Loop of Henle Increased NaCl and H 2 O reabsorption Increased blood volume Negative feedback 1 2 8 9 Low blood flow Proximal convoluted tubule Renin Adrenal cortex Angiotensinogen Angiotensin II 3 Juxtaglomerular apparatus Kidney Aldosterone 4 5 6 7