This document discusses the challenges of developing complex software for evolving wireless markets. As wireless devices take on more capabilities, the software required to power them grows exponentially more complex. However, software development techniques have not improved at the same rate as hardware. The document proposes some approaches to help address this software challenge, including using structured specifications to capture requirements, applying functional coverage techniques from hardware verification to software testing, and developing an open-source real-time operating system (RTOS) equivalent to Linux for embedded systems.
Digiday Mobile with Business Insider: Will Mobile Ever Live Up to Its Promise?Digiday
Marketers are not focusing enough on the opportunities presented by mobile, according to Business Insider's Henry Blodget. They need to understand that mobile isn’t just another platform but a marketing, communication and sales channel. In this session, he'll discuss the growth of the industry, including emerging ad formats and strategies.
Moderator: Brian Morrissey, editor-in-chief, Digiday @bmorrissey
Presenter: Henry Blodget, CEO, Business Insider @hblodget
HUGH BRADLOW LEADS INNOVATION WORKSHOP – 2012 AND BEYONDTelstra Global
Telstra Corporation’s Chief Technology Officer and Head of Innovation, Dr Hugh Bradlow, addressed an audience of over 50 customers and London Business School alumni and academics earlier this week at Telstra International’s office in London.
Dr Bradlow shared some valuable insights into technological innovation with a particular focus on key trends in ICT, technology challenges, and telcos and innovation. A core topic of discussion was the marked move towards omniscience and omnipresence.
1) The document provides an overview of mobile trends and innovations in Asia, particularly Japan, Korea, and China.
2) It discusses developments in mobile music, TV, advertising, commerce, books, and social networks.
3) Key insights include the importance of indirect revenues for carriers from new services, Japan leading in many mobile areas like music and e-books, and the value of benchmarking Asian innovations.
The document discusses the role of 3G networks in India. It notes that 3G networks will provide high-speed internet connectivity and new multimedia services. This will help address capacity issues on 2G networks and facilitate the rollout of affordable mobile broadband, especially in rural areas of India. 3G can stimulate economic growth and productivity increases. However, for 3G to be successful in rural India, issues like high spectrum prices, ROW charges, and availability of regional content need to be addressed. The mobile industry and government should work together to promote policies that enable affordable access to networks and services for rural populations.
A state of mobile devices fragmentation in Australia, based on analytics from Netbiscuits cloud platform (www.netbiscuits.com)
Contact: l.challamel@netbiscuits.com
Mobile technologies are reshaping retail by enabling new consumer experiences and opportunities for retailers. Mobility is having the biggest impact in mobile marketing, shopper services, mobile payments, and mobile store operations. By focusing on these areas, retailers can increase net margins by as much as 10 percent through delivering instant, contextual answers to consumers' questions on mobile devices.
The document discusses the importance of network choices in determining future success. It summarizes that making the right choices around technologies, spectrum, and vendors is imperative as these choices will dictate the network's competitive advantage and ability to meet subscriber demands. The document outlines many of the key technology choices facing operators, such as wired vs wireless, GSM vs CDMA, LTE vs WiMAX, and emphasizes that market inertia often influences which options become most widely adopted.
Mobile networking is growing rapidly driven by increases in smartphone and tablet adoption. Video now accounts for over 1/3 of consumer internet traffic. Looking ahead, Huawei sees phones becoming the universal device, driven by improved screens, faster networks, and powerful chipsets. This will enable seamless sharing of content between intelligent devices and real-time HD interactions, including cloud-based multiplayer gaming. Mobile operators can capture this growth through differentiated services focused on social networking, communications, and digital media across multiple screens.
Digiday Mobile with Business Insider: Will Mobile Ever Live Up to Its Promise?Digiday
Marketers are not focusing enough on the opportunities presented by mobile, according to Business Insider's Henry Blodget. They need to understand that mobile isn’t just another platform but a marketing, communication and sales channel. In this session, he'll discuss the growth of the industry, including emerging ad formats and strategies.
Moderator: Brian Morrissey, editor-in-chief, Digiday @bmorrissey
Presenter: Henry Blodget, CEO, Business Insider @hblodget
HUGH BRADLOW LEADS INNOVATION WORKSHOP – 2012 AND BEYONDTelstra Global
Telstra Corporation’s Chief Technology Officer and Head of Innovation, Dr Hugh Bradlow, addressed an audience of over 50 customers and London Business School alumni and academics earlier this week at Telstra International’s office in London.
Dr Bradlow shared some valuable insights into technological innovation with a particular focus on key trends in ICT, technology challenges, and telcos and innovation. A core topic of discussion was the marked move towards omniscience and omnipresence.
1) The document provides an overview of mobile trends and innovations in Asia, particularly Japan, Korea, and China.
2) It discusses developments in mobile music, TV, advertising, commerce, books, and social networks.
3) Key insights include the importance of indirect revenues for carriers from new services, Japan leading in many mobile areas like music and e-books, and the value of benchmarking Asian innovations.
The document discusses the role of 3G networks in India. It notes that 3G networks will provide high-speed internet connectivity and new multimedia services. This will help address capacity issues on 2G networks and facilitate the rollout of affordable mobile broadband, especially in rural areas of India. 3G can stimulate economic growth and productivity increases. However, for 3G to be successful in rural India, issues like high spectrum prices, ROW charges, and availability of regional content need to be addressed. The mobile industry and government should work together to promote policies that enable affordable access to networks and services for rural populations.
A state of mobile devices fragmentation in Australia, based on analytics from Netbiscuits cloud platform (www.netbiscuits.com)
Contact: l.challamel@netbiscuits.com
Mobile technologies are reshaping retail by enabling new consumer experiences and opportunities for retailers. Mobility is having the biggest impact in mobile marketing, shopper services, mobile payments, and mobile store operations. By focusing on these areas, retailers can increase net margins by as much as 10 percent through delivering instant, contextual answers to consumers' questions on mobile devices.
The document discusses the importance of network choices in determining future success. It summarizes that making the right choices around technologies, spectrum, and vendors is imperative as these choices will dictate the network's competitive advantage and ability to meet subscriber demands. The document outlines many of the key technology choices facing operators, such as wired vs wireless, GSM vs CDMA, LTE vs WiMAX, and emphasizes that market inertia often influences which options become most widely adopted.
Mobile networking is growing rapidly driven by increases in smartphone and tablet adoption. Video now accounts for over 1/3 of consumer internet traffic. Looking ahead, Huawei sees phones becoming the universal device, driven by improved screens, faster networks, and powerful chipsets. This will enable seamless sharing of content between intelligent devices and real-time HD interactions, including cloud-based multiplayer gaming. Mobile operators can capture this growth through differentiated services focused on social networking, communications, and digital media across multiple screens.
This document summarizes a webinar about optimizing emails for mobile devices. It discusses trends showing the rise of mobile email and importance of optimization. Tips included using single column layouts, inline styles over style sheets, and testing links and images across different devices. Speakers emphasized the need to design for a small screen and avoid wasting users' time. Rendering tools and testing emails on multiple platforms before sending were presented as important for ensuring proper display.
Brief overview of why Java ME is important, the basic terms you need to know about and what tools are here to help you. Also contains several links to find more information.
The document discusses Danske Bank's mobile banking app. It notes that over 70% of Nordic consumers are interested in mobile banking. It provides usage statistics showing over 430,000 downloads and increasing monthly transactions. The app has received positive reviews, with improvements suggested around additional features and platforms. Media coverage of the app's launch was the bank's most positive press campaign. The agile development approach was credited as a catalyst for the app's success.
The document discusses mobile web development and device fragmentation in Australia. It provides statistics on the fragmentation of mobile devices and operating systems in Australia and worldwide. The top challenges for businesses bringing internet content to mobile are addressing software and device fragmentation, creating mobile-optimized content, and monetization across many different devices.
In culmination of its work over the last year, the FCC Working Group on the Information Needs of Communities delivered a report on June 9, 2011 addressing the rapidly changing media landscape in a broadband age. In 2009, a bipartisan Knight Commission found that while the broadband age is enabling an information and communications renaissance, local communities in particular are being unevenly served with critical information about local issues.
Soon after the Knight Commission delivered its findings, the FCC initiated a staff-level working group to identify crosscurrent and trend, and make recommendations on how the information needs of communities can be met in a broadband world.
Kathryn Koegel presented on what PR professionals need to know about mobile. She discussed how mobile usage is growing exponentially and will soon surpass desktop internet usage. She noted that almost 1/4 of US households are now cellphone-only. Koegel also reviewed mobile device and smartphone penetration statistics and how minorities are especially active mobile users, conducting activities like social networking and purchases from their phones. She concluded that over 40% of US mobile users now use their phones for media like browsing and applications.
Gemius presentation from the Internet Hungary 2011 conference entitled ‘Smart, intelligent, mobile: The time is now’ provides an insight into the internet mobile market and gives answers on such questions as: What is the mobile internet? How big is it? What are the preferences of mobile internet users and how and when they use it?
CTIA 2002, Orlando, "Thats Entertainment", Jean Barrette, SpeakerJean Barrette
The document discusses the emerging market for wireless entertainment and identifies opportunities for investment. It notes that the industry is still in its early stages but growth in technologies, devices, and subscriber segments representing time fillers and social players could significantly drive revenues. The value chain is examined, finding console providers focused on their existing markets while platform and application developers aim to create new consoles for the future in wireless entertainment.
The document discusses several topics:
1) The UMTS Forum's key focus areas in 2010 include spectrum and regulation issues related to 3G/LTE licensing, global broadband ecosystems, and key growth markets.
2) It addresses the digital dividend and opportunities for mobile broadband spectrum as countries transition from analog to digital television broadcasting.
3) Charts and data illustrate mobile data traffic growth, emerging regions and their importance, and the benefits of increased mobile connectivity and Internet access.
The document discusses strategies for Telkomsel, Indonesia's largest mobile operator, to address challenges in the mobile broadband industry and monetize data services. It notes that while data usage is high, profits have not emerged due to free or pirated content online. It recommends that Telkomsel focus on engaging customers to co-create experiences rather than just products, and create a pricing strategy focused on niche and flexible packages. New business models discussed include content subscription, mobile advertising, premium data services, and tools accessed through multiple devices.
This document provides an overview of Magnet Mobile Media Inc., a company that enables communication between companies and mobile users through text messaging, mobile web, and mobile applications. It outlines Magnet's services including text messaging, mobile payments, carrier network distribution, mobile internet and smartphone applications. The document also provides metrics on the size of the mobile market in Canada, US and UK as well as usage statistics. It describes Magnet's ecosystem of partners and lists many brand clients that Magnet has worked with to develop and run various mobile marketing programs and applications.
Direct2Farm is a proposed mobile infomediary service designed by CABI to provide smallholder farmers in developing countries with actionable agricultural information through their mobile phones. The service would source high-quality content from various partners, reformat it for mobile delivery, and disseminate it to farmers to help improve yields, market access, and resilience to climate issues. A feedback loop would also capture real-time field data to enhance the information provided. The goal is to complement existing agricultural extension systems in a cost-effective and scalable way by leveraging mobile technologies.
The document summarizes an upcoming conference on mobile communications in the Caribbean and Central America region. The conference will address key issues in the mobile industry such as market growth opportunities, operational efficiencies, convergence, and wireless broadband strategies. It will take place November 16-17, 2010 in Puerto Rico and feature presentations from industry experts and executives from mobile operators in the region. The agenda covers topics important to mobile operators, vendors, and other stakeholders in the telecom industry.
Cloud 2015: The Road to 15 Billion Connected DevicesIntel IT Center
Kirk Skaugen Intel Datacenter and Connected Systems Group GM discusses the growth of data and connected devices through 2015. Kirk discusses how the industry is preparing for this growth and Intel's role.
Dokumen membahas tentang penyusutan volume otak manusia sebesar 150 cm3 dalam 20.000 tahun terakhir. Temuan ini mengejutkan karena volume otak manusia zaman dulu lebih besar. Beberapa penjelasan yang dikemukakan antara lain adaptasi fisiologis akibat perubahan iklim, pola makan, dan kepadatan penduduk. Dokumen juga membahas bahwa otak manusia terus berkembang hingga usia 40 tahun dan bukan
Methodological reflections and the practice of evaluation, main outputs of th...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses using the internal rate of return (IRR) to evaluate projects that combat desertification.
IRR measures the average annual profit generated by a project discounted over its lifetime. It can be used ex ante to evaluate investment decisions or ex post to advocate for projects. However, IRR has limitations when applied to environmental projects due to uncertainties around long-term benefits and costs. Sensitivity analysis is needed to account for variability. IRR may prioritize quick-return projects over long-term actions. Overall, IRR provides limited insight and should be supplemented with other evaluation methods that consider broader externalities and impacts.
Easy and Hard Ways to Reach Coverage ClosureDVClub
The document discusses various approaches to achieving coverage closure in verification. It describes both easy and hard ways to reach coverage closure, including direct and indirect methods. The key challenges are balancing the level of detail in coverage reports, finding large uncovered areas automatically, and closing the loop from coverage to stimulus generation. Manual analysis, automatic hole detection, and model-based test generation are presented as techniques to address these challenges. However, building an accurate model is cited as critical but also difficult for applying model-based test generation in an industrial context.
This document contains search results from Google, Yahoo, and Bing for the terms "CHU" and "Kerwin Wesley Chu" as of April 18, 2013. Each search engine was queried for both terms and the results were listed with no further details provided.
This document summarizes a webinar about optimizing emails for mobile devices. It discusses trends showing the rise of mobile email and importance of optimization. Tips included using single column layouts, inline styles over style sheets, and testing links and images across different devices. Speakers emphasized the need to design for a small screen and avoid wasting users' time. Rendering tools and testing emails on multiple platforms before sending were presented as important for ensuring proper display.
Brief overview of why Java ME is important, the basic terms you need to know about and what tools are here to help you. Also contains several links to find more information.
The document discusses Danske Bank's mobile banking app. It notes that over 70% of Nordic consumers are interested in mobile banking. It provides usage statistics showing over 430,000 downloads and increasing monthly transactions. The app has received positive reviews, with improvements suggested around additional features and platforms. Media coverage of the app's launch was the bank's most positive press campaign. The agile development approach was credited as a catalyst for the app's success.
The document discusses mobile web development and device fragmentation in Australia. It provides statistics on the fragmentation of mobile devices and operating systems in Australia and worldwide. The top challenges for businesses bringing internet content to mobile are addressing software and device fragmentation, creating mobile-optimized content, and monetization across many different devices.
In culmination of its work over the last year, the FCC Working Group on the Information Needs of Communities delivered a report on June 9, 2011 addressing the rapidly changing media landscape in a broadband age. In 2009, a bipartisan Knight Commission found that while the broadband age is enabling an information and communications renaissance, local communities in particular are being unevenly served with critical information about local issues.
Soon after the Knight Commission delivered its findings, the FCC initiated a staff-level working group to identify crosscurrent and trend, and make recommendations on how the information needs of communities can be met in a broadband world.
Kathryn Koegel presented on what PR professionals need to know about mobile. She discussed how mobile usage is growing exponentially and will soon surpass desktop internet usage. She noted that almost 1/4 of US households are now cellphone-only. Koegel also reviewed mobile device and smartphone penetration statistics and how minorities are especially active mobile users, conducting activities like social networking and purchases from their phones. She concluded that over 40% of US mobile users now use their phones for media like browsing and applications.
Gemius presentation from the Internet Hungary 2011 conference entitled ‘Smart, intelligent, mobile: The time is now’ provides an insight into the internet mobile market and gives answers on such questions as: What is the mobile internet? How big is it? What are the preferences of mobile internet users and how and when they use it?
CTIA 2002, Orlando, "Thats Entertainment", Jean Barrette, SpeakerJean Barrette
The document discusses the emerging market for wireless entertainment and identifies opportunities for investment. It notes that the industry is still in its early stages but growth in technologies, devices, and subscriber segments representing time fillers and social players could significantly drive revenues. The value chain is examined, finding console providers focused on their existing markets while platform and application developers aim to create new consoles for the future in wireless entertainment.
The document discusses several topics:
1) The UMTS Forum's key focus areas in 2010 include spectrum and regulation issues related to 3G/LTE licensing, global broadband ecosystems, and key growth markets.
2) It addresses the digital dividend and opportunities for mobile broadband spectrum as countries transition from analog to digital television broadcasting.
3) Charts and data illustrate mobile data traffic growth, emerging regions and their importance, and the benefits of increased mobile connectivity and Internet access.
The document discusses strategies for Telkomsel, Indonesia's largest mobile operator, to address challenges in the mobile broadband industry and monetize data services. It notes that while data usage is high, profits have not emerged due to free or pirated content online. It recommends that Telkomsel focus on engaging customers to co-create experiences rather than just products, and create a pricing strategy focused on niche and flexible packages. New business models discussed include content subscription, mobile advertising, premium data services, and tools accessed through multiple devices.
This document provides an overview of Magnet Mobile Media Inc., a company that enables communication between companies and mobile users through text messaging, mobile web, and mobile applications. It outlines Magnet's services including text messaging, mobile payments, carrier network distribution, mobile internet and smartphone applications. The document also provides metrics on the size of the mobile market in Canada, US and UK as well as usage statistics. It describes Magnet's ecosystem of partners and lists many brand clients that Magnet has worked with to develop and run various mobile marketing programs and applications.
Direct2Farm is a proposed mobile infomediary service designed by CABI to provide smallholder farmers in developing countries with actionable agricultural information through their mobile phones. The service would source high-quality content from various partners, reformat it for mobile delivery, and disseminate it to farmers to help improve yields, market access, and resilience to climate issues. A feedback loop would also capture real-time field data to enhance the information provided. The goal is to complement existing agricultural extension systems in a cost-effective and scalable way by leveraging mobile technologies.
The document summarizes an upcoming conference on mobile communications in the Caribbean and Central America region. The conference will address key issues in the mobile industry such as market growth opportunities, operational efficiencies, convergence, and wireless broadband strategies. It will take place November 16-17, 2010 in Puerto Rico and feature presentations from industry experts and executives from mobile operators in the region. The agenda covers topics important to mobile operators, vendors, and other stakeholders in the telecom industry.
Cloud 2015: The Road to 15 Billion Connected DevicesIntel IT Center
Kirk Skaugen Intel Datacenter and Connected Systems Group GM discusses the growth of data and connected devices through 2015. Kirk discusses how the industry is preparing for this growth and Intel's role.
Dokumen membahas tentang penyusutan volume otak manusia sebesar 150 cm3 dalam 20.000 tahun terakhir. Temuan ini mengejutkan karena volume otak manusia zaman dulu lebih besar. Beberapa penjelasan yang dikemukakan antara lain adaptasi fisiologis akibat perubahan iklim, pola makan, dan kepadatan penduduk. Dokumen juga membahas bahwa otak manusia terus berkembang hingga usia 40 tahun dan bukan
Methodological reflections and the practice of evaluation, main outputs of th...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses using the internal rate of return (IRR) to evaluate projects that combat desertification.
IRR measures the average annual profit generated by a project discounted over its lifetime. It can be used ex ante to evaluate investment decisions or ex post to advocate for projects. However, IRR has limitations when applied to environmental projects due to uncertainties around long-term benefits and costs. Sensitivity analysis is needed to account for variability. IRR may prioritize quick-return projects over long-term actions. Overall, IRR provides limited insight and should be supplemented with other evaluation methods that consider broader externalities and impacts.
Easy and Hard Ways to Reach Coverage ClosureDVClub
The document discusses various approaches to achieving coverage closure in verification. It describes both easy and hard ways to reach coverage closure, including direct and indirect methods. The key challenges are balancing the level of detail in coverage reports, finding large uncovered areas automatically, and closing the loop from coverage to stimulus generation. Manual analysis, automatic hole detection, and model-based test generation are presented as techniques to address these challenges. However, building an accurate model is cited as critical but also difficult for applying model-based test generation in an industrial context.
This document contains search results from Google, Yahoo, and Bing for the terms "CHU" and "Kerwin Wesley Chu" as of April 18, 2013. Each search engine was queried for both terms and the results were listed with no further details provided.
Populations, Variety, and Selection: Verifying Complex Designs DVClub
The document discusses applying concepts from complexity research, specifically complex adaptive systems (CAS), to verification planning and execution. It describes key aspects of CAS, including populations of agents/strategies, selecting an appropriate level of variety through exploration and exploitation, interaction between strategies potentially creating superior solutions, and the risk of losing solutions through extinction if variety is too limited. The document provides examples of how to analyze verification problems and choices using a CAS framework to balance variety and robustness with efficiency.
This document discusses challenges with multi-ASIC system simulation and presents a solution using a tool called Socketsim. Socketsim allows chip-level testbenches to be connected over sockets to simulate a full system. It monitors signal changes and propagates them between environments running on different systems. A recommended methodology involves decoupling drivers from the scoreboard and using monitors to place data on the scoreboard. This methodology and the Socketsim tool enable efficient reuse of chip-level testbenches at the system level.
This document provides recommendations for effectively deploying SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA) in verification projects. It discusses why SVA is an effective verification technique, outlines key benefits observed from using SVA, and addresses common reasons for not using SVA. The document then provides 10 deployment recommendations, including training the verification team, using naming conventions, controlling assertions at runtime, managing coverage databases, and validating assertions by inserting faults. The key is to deploy SVA as a team effort and use techniques to efficiently manage large numbers of assertions and coverage properties.
O documento descreve diferentes técnicas para impressão digital em camisetas como bordado, serigrafia e estamparia a quente e lista os serviços de impressão e criação de marcas oferecidos pela Mid Art Brasil, como banners, adesivos, displays e construção de identidade visual.
Free Electronic Lab: Community Leader in Opensource EDA Development DVClub
This document discusses the Free Electronic Lab (FEL), an open source design and simulation platform for micro-electronics. FEL provides a complete Linux distribution for hardware design from specification to backend development and embedded software. It aims to address challenges electronic designers face like shorter design cycles and lower costs. FEL includes a variety of open source EDA tools like Verilator, GTKWave and gEDA/gaf. It has been used by universities, small companies and for projects like OpenMoko. The document promotes FEL 6.0 which will focus on user experience, interoperability and porting to enterprise-class operating systems.
Satya Nadella successfully completed the requirements to be recognized as a Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist in Windows Server 2008 Active Directory Configuration. He achieved this certification on March 18, 2016 and was assigned certification number F626-5927.
1) The Broken Windows Theory asserts that addressing minor crimes and disorder prevents more serious crimes. Commissioner William Bratton popularized broken windows policing in New York City in the 1990s, reducing crime.
2) In the 1970s, New Jersey launched a program to improve communities that increased residents' sense of security, though police were skeptical. Broken windows policing aimed to address small issues before they escalated.
3) Zero-tolerance policies, beginning in New York City in 1994, strictly enforced all laws without discretion. While crime dropped, the tactics eroded police-community relations and faced accusations of racial profiling.
Ruckus: Emerging Smart WiFi Support of IP-based Voice ServicesScanSource, Inc.
This document discusses Ruckus Wireless and ShoreTel and their interoperability for unified communications solutions. It provides an overview of each company, their products, and how their solutions work together to provide reliable wireless connectivity and mobile UC capabilities. Key points include Ruckus' adaptive wireless technology that optimizes voice over wireless, ShoreTel's mobility product suite including their mobility router and roam anywhere client, and how their integrated solutions address challenges like poor in-building coverage and seamless roaming.
Mobile software is a large and growing industry. The mobile industry now includes over 3.3 billion users worldwide, representing half of the world's population. It is also growing rapidly, adding the equivalent of 3 new users per second. In 2007, the SMS revenue from the mobile industry was $100 billion, exceeding the combined revenues of movie box offices, DVD sales, music industry, and video games. Mobile allows users to access the internet and applications from anywhere via wireless transmission over radio waves.
Mobile software is a large and growing industry. The mobile industry now includes over 3.3 billion users worldwide, representing half of the world's population. It is also growing rapidly, adding 3 new users per second. In 2007, the SMS revenue from the mobile industry was $100 billion, exceeding the combined revenue of movie box offices, DVD sales, the music industry, and video games. Mobile allows users to access the internet and applications from anywhere via wireless transmission over radio waves.
4G wireless technologies are rapidly deploying, with Sprint having chosen WiMAX for its 4G network and launching services in 2008. Other providers like Clearwire and Nextel are also implementing pre-WiMAX and WiMAX networks. Technologies like MIMO and OFDMA are converging 3G and WiMAX towards an IP-based 4G standard, increasing throughput and coverage while reducing costs.
IBM's mobile platform provides opportunities for business agility through increased worker productivity, improved customer engagement, and new revenue streams. It addresses the challenges of developing for multiple mobile platforms by providing tools for creating hybrid mobile applications that can leverage existing web skills. The platform offers capabilities for application development, deployment, maintenance, security, integration, and hosting to help businesses innovate quickly while managing costs. It differentiates partners by improving their productivity and allowing them to offer customers more flexibility and faster time to market compared to native mobile development.
1) Qualcomm is a Fortune 500 company and the world's largest fabless semiconductor company specializing in 3G and 4G wireless technologies.
2) Qualcomm invests heavily in R&D, spending over $3 billion annually, or around 25% of its revenue.
3) The presentation outlines key 3G technology drivers such as the shift to emerging markets which will represent over 50% of 3G handset shipments by 2012, as well as trends increasing data usage.
Third generation (3G) mobile networks allow for improved voice quality, higher data speeds, and additional services compared to previous generations. The document discusses the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 4G networks and how each generation offers improved performance and capabilities over the prior generation. 3G introduced the ability to access the internet, send multimedia messages, and use location-based services from mobile devices. [/SUMMARY]
This technical paper discusses 4G mobile systems. 4G is characterized by high data transmission speeds between 20-100 Mbps, suitable for streaming high-resolution media. Initial deployments were anticipated between 2006-2010. 4G provides 'anywhere, anytime' connectivity and global roaming. Key 4G technologies discussed are WiMAX, which provides broadband wireless access up to a mile, and Wibro, a Korean technology providing broadband access up to 30 miles for fixed stations and 3-10 miles for mobile stations. 4G will enable new applications through higher bandwidth such as video streaming, video calls, and enhanced mobile services for consumers and businesses.
Presentation delivered by Steve Livingston, Senior Vice President, iPass at the Mobile Data Offloading conference in London. iPass service will lower Wi-Fi roaming costs. Visit http://www3.ipass.com/solutions/open-mobile-exchange/ for more information regarding data offloading.
Head to Head - The Battle between the Bellheads and the Netheads for control ...Pieter Geldenhuys
Part 1: When the infrastructure is ubiquitous and operates as a utility, like water or electricity, we will move beyond the current paradigm of cyberspace. What happens when information and knowledge are accessible to all who choose to look? What happens when eBusiness, eHealth and eLiteracy have become an invisible normality? What happens after the Ubiquitous Internet has irreparably changed our very understanding of the world we live in? A new Digital Value Chain will be required when the Netheads and Bellheads pit their business models against each other in an epic battle where the only winner is bound to be the consumer. Who will find the right balance between the investments required to support the infrastructure and the money that inevitably will flow to edge of the network where the intelligence and power resides?
The document discusses trends in the telecommunications industry, including:
- Key players in the industry such as equipment manufacturers, service providers, and material suppliers.
- Emerging wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ultrawideband, WiMax, and ZigBee that offer new connectivity options.
- Growth in internet and e-commerce usage driving increased bandwidth demand on networks.
- Challenges faced by the telecom equipment manufacturing industry after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s.
This document discusses Wi-Fi data offloading and its impacts on network infrastructure costs (CAPEX and OPEX). It describes modeling traffic patterns to determine optimal offload strategies. Wi-Fi offloading can reduce costs compared to densifying the macro cell network through additional sites and carriers. The document examines trade-offs between Wi-Fi, femtocells, and macro cell densification for offloading data. It also outlines considerations for a successful carrier Wi-Fi offload solution.
Beyond the Internet: Seamless Global CommunicationJerry Fishenden
This document discusses the evolution of communication technologies from the agrarian revolution to the emerging digital revolution enabled by ubiquitous computing and hyperconnectivity. Key points include:
- By 2012 there will be 17 billion networked devices connecting everything from appliances to cars to computers.
- Emerging technologies allow for seamless communication between people, machines, and things through wireless sensors, RFID, and embedded devices.
- This hyperconnectivity is driving convergence of networks and devices but also divergence of new experiences and organizational models.
- The mobile device has become the focal point of convergence due to its ability to keep people constantly connected to information.
Wi-Fi for a Connected World Towards Next Generation NetworksGreen Packet
Wi-Fi has established itself as one of the most popular and widespread technology today reaching millions of homes, schools, enterprises and hotspot locations worldwide. Communication has become an essential part of our lives. The ever-growing Wi-Fi networks combined with integrated Wi-Fi chipsets into thousands of devices has matured and ensured that hundreds of millions of users worldwide now make regular use of Wi-Fi to access the Internet.
The following white paper, discusses the Wi-Fi effects of connectedness shifting from people to people into the connecting a billion of devices. Today’s network consists of multiple access network technologies playing a different role in different contexts. In the race to smart next generation networks, secondary markets in embedded mobile is beginning to garner attention with greater ambitions into tertiary markets of cloud-based solutions, where anything and almost everything will be connected, regardless of geographical boundaries with the ultimate aim of cost effective development and implementation.
In this presentation from GTEC 2011, Canada's Government Technology Event, Cisco Canada's CTO Jeff Seifert "connects the dots" on technology trends such as the rapid acceleration of video adoption, consumer devices in the workplace, the impacts of social media, increasing security requirements, data centre and desktop virtualization and smart buildings - and what it all means today and in the future.
Follow Cisco Canada on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/CiscoCanada
Read more from Jeff on the Cisco Canada Blog: http://ciscocanada.wordpress.com/author/jeffseifert/
Mobile computing has evolved significantly over the past few decades. Martin Cooper invented the first mobile phone in 1973, allowing for portable telephone calls. Early mobile networks used analog technology with poor voice quality and security (1G). Digital 2G networks in the 1990s improved capacity and resilience. 2.5G networks added data capabilities via GPRS. 3G networks in the 2000s enabled higher speeds and new services like video calls and multimedia messaging. 4G/LTE networks since the 2010s provide high-speed mobile broadband and support advanced applications. Mobile devices have also advanced, starting as simple phones and evolving into powerful smartphones and tablets that can access the full Internet. This document traces the history and technological progression of mobile networks and devices
Spirent offers an integrated testing platform called Landslide that allows for comprehensive testing of Wi-Fi networks and cellular to Wi-Fi handoffs. Landslide can simulate millions of emulated clients and access points to test quality of service for carrier, enterprise, and public Wi-Fi networks. It provides tools to test access points, controllers, authentication, security, and mobility as networks integrate more Wi-Fi capability.
The Race Is On: Network Innovation & The Next Wave Of Mobile GrowthJuniper Networks
Juniper Networks CEO, Kevin Johnson's keynote presentation during conference session, Driving The Mobile Technology Evolution at Mobile World Congress 2012 in Barcelona, Spain.
To view the video clips from the presentation, please visit: www.youtube.com/JuniperNetworks
Similar to Evolving Wireless Markets: Software Is the Answer, But What Is the Question? (20)
IP Reuse Impact on Design Verification Management Across the EnterpriseDVClub
The document discusses challenges with IP reuse dependency management across hardware design projects. It notes that verification reuse is often neglected and that finding and fixing issues on complex projects can be difficult without proper dependency tracing of IP instances, designs, and versions. The presentation recommends establishing processes and checklists for IP verification and design history tracking to facilitate reuse. It also shares survey results about the organizational impacts of improved IP reuse dependency management, such as more efficient engineering resource usage and 30% faster time to market.
The document describes Cisco's Base Environment methodology for digital verification. It aims to standardize the verification process, promote reuse, and improve predictability. The methodology defines a common testbench topology and infrastructure that is vertically scalable from unit to system level and horizontally scalable across projects. It provides templates, scripts, verification IP and documentation to help teams set up verification environments quickly and leverage existing best practices. The standardized approach facilitates extensive code and test reuse and delivers benefits such as faster ramp-up times, improved planning, and higher return on verification IP development.
Intel Xeon Pre-Silicon Validation: Introduction and ChallengesDVClub
This document discusses the challenges of pre-silicon validation for Intel Xeon processors. Some key challenges include: reusing design components from previous projects which may have incomplete or poorly written code; managing cross-site validation teams; developing sufficient stimulus and checking while minimizing overhead; achieving high functional coverage within tight validation windows; and ensuring tests can be ported between pre-silicon and post-silicon environments. The validation process aims to quickly comprehend new features and design changes while validating the full chip design before tapeout.
The document discusses how shaders are created and validated for graphics processing units (GPUs). Shaders are created by applications and sent to the GPU through graphics APIs and drivers. They are then executed by the GPU's shader processors. The validation process uses layered testbenches at the sub-block, block, and system levels for maximum controllability and observability. It also employs a reference model methodology using C++ models and hardware emulation to debug designs faster than simulation alone. This methodology helps improve the graphics development schedule.
This document appears to be a presentation given by AMD on verification challenges for graphics ASICs. The presentation covers an overview of AMD, GPU systems, 3D graphics basics, and verification challenges. It discusses the size and complexity of GPUs, layered code and testbenches used for verification, and the use of hardware emulation and functional coverage.
1. The document discusses methodologies for hardware verification and developing an efficient verification flow.
2. It recommends defining a conceptual framework for the flow to standardize some aspects while allowing for diversity and innovation.
3. Using transaction level modeling and assertions in early stages like the specification model can help validation before the RTL design stage. Assertions can be written at different levels from the specification to the RTL and testbench.
Praveen Vishakantaiah, President of Intel India, discussed the challenges of validating next generation CPUs. Validation is increasingly complex due to factors like rising design complexity from multi-core processors and chipset integration, as well as shorter time to market windows. Validation efforts are also not scaling incrementally with post-silicon development. Addressing these challenges requires experienced architects and validators working closely together, instrumentation of design models to enable validation, reuse of validation tools, and scaling of emulation and formal verification techniques. Validation is critical to meeting customer satisfaction and business goals around schedule and costs.
This document discusses using the IP-XACT standard to address challenges in verification automation. IP-XACT allows generating verification platforms, register tests, and other elements from a single IP description. It standardizes IP information exchange and reduces duplication. Using IP-XACT, a verification flow is proposed where the testbench, models, and register tests are automatically generated from an IP-XACT file, improving consistency and reducing turnaround times. IP-XACT is now an IEEE standard developed by the SPIRIT consortium to describe IPs in a vendor-neutral way and enable maximum automation.
Validation and Design in a Small Team EnvironmentDVClub
The document discusses validation and design in small teams with limited resources. It proposes constraining designs to a single clock rate, standardized interfaces, and automated test cases to streamline verification. This reduces complexity and verification costs, allowing designs to be completed more quickly despite limited experience. Standardizing interfaces and separating algorithm from implementation verification improves efficiency enough to overcome typical verification to design ratios.
This document discusses trends in mixed signal validation. It begins with an overview of mixed signal systems that contain both analog and digital components. The evolution of mixed signal validation is then described, from early approaches that simulated analog and digital components separately to modern tools that can jointly simulate both domains using languages like Verilog-AMS. The key steps in mixed signal validation are outlined, including modeling components in Verilog-AMS, validating blocks, and performing system-level validation. Throughout, the importance of accurate models for verification is emphasized. Examples of mixed signal modeling and a charge pump PLL validation environment are also provided.
Verification teams at chip design companies now work globally, presenting communication challenges. Time zone differences make real-time collaboration difficult, and documentation through tools like TWiki can suffer if not well-organized. However, global teams also provide benefits by making more people and creative ideas available. Companies like AMD are addressing these issues through centers of expertise that standardize methodologies, tools, and components to facilitate collaboration across sites, while still allowing projects flexibility and innovation. Regular reviews help continuously improve processes as new techniques are adopted or abandoned.
Greg Tierney of Avid presented on their experiences using SystemC for design verification. Some key points:
1) Avid chose SystemC to enhance their existing C++ verification code and take advantage of its built-in verification capabilities like randomization and multi-threading.
2) SystemC helped Avid solve problems like connecting entire HDL modules to their testbench and monitoring foreign signals.
3) While SystemC provided benefits, Avid also encountered issues with its compile/link performance and large library size. Overall, Avid found SystemC reliable for design verification over three years of use.
This document provides an overview of the verification strategy for PCI-Express. It discusses the PCI-Express protocol, including the physical, data link, transaction, and software layers. It outlines the verification paradigm, including functional verification using constrained random testing, assertions, asynchronous/power domain simulations, and performance verification. It also discusses compliance verification through electrical, data link, transaction, and system architecture checklists. Finally, it discusses design for verification through a modular and scalable architecture to promote reusability and reduce verification effort and complexity.
SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA) in the Design/Verification ProcessDVClub
1) Visual SVA tools like Zazz allow designers to create complex SystemVerilog assertions through a graphical interface, addressing issues with SVA syntax.
2) Zazz also enables debugging assertions as they are created by generating constrained random tests, improving assertion quality before use in verification.
3) Using assertions improved the author's verification and debugging process, identifying errors sooner and in corner cases, and provided additional value to IP customers through early fault detection.
The document discusses methodologies for improving efficiency in verification testing at Cisco, including using reusable components from other projects, avoiding duplicate specifications, providing flexible testbenches, and automating tasks. It provides examples used at Cisco such as separating testbench creation into three stages, using testflow to synchronize component behavior, reusing unit-level checkers, linking transactions between checkers, and generating common infrastructure from templates to reduce designer effort. The biggest efficiency gains come from methodologies that push shared behavior into reusable components and standardize common elements.
1) Pre-silicon verification is increasingly important for post-silicon validation as design complexity grows and schedules shrink. Bugs that escape pre-silicon verification can significantly impact post-silicon schedules and effort.
2) Mixed-signal effects, power-on/reset sequences, and design-for-testability features need to be verified pre-silicon to avoid difficult to reproduce bugs during post-silicon validation.
3) Case studies demonstrate how low investment in pre-silicon verification of areas like power-on/reset sequences and design-for-testability features can lead to longer post-silicon schedules due to unexpected bugs.
The document discusses Sun Microsystems' UltraSPARC T1 processor. It provides an overview of the processor's features, including its implementation of chip multi-threading with up to 8 cores and 32 threads. It describes the processor's design choices such as shared caches and memory controllers. It also discusses Sun's strategy for verifying the processor's architecture and microarchitecture through directed testing, coverage metrics, and other techniques. Finally, it notes some of the benefits of chip multi-threading for performance, cost, reliability, and power efficiency.
Intel Atom Processor Pre-Silicon Verification ExperienceDVClub
This document discusses the verification methodology and results for the Intel Atom processor. It describes the challenges of verifying a new microarchitecture with power management features on an aggressive schedule. The methodology involved cluster-level validation with functional coverage, architectural validation using an instruction set generator, and power management validation. Verification metrics like coverage and bug rates were tracked. The results included booting Windows and Linux 10 hours after receiving silicon, with few functional bugs found post-silicon that weren't corner cases. Debug and survivability features helped reduce escapes.
This document discusses using assertions in analog mixed-signal (AMS) verification. It describes how assertions can be used to check interface assumptions, power mode transitions, and timing relationships for AMS blocks. Assertions provide compact and precise checks that can be reused across different verification methodologies. The document also provides an example of using Verilog-AMS monitors to digitize continuous signals from an AMS model so they can be checked using SystemVerilog assertions.
This document discusses challenges and requirements for low-power design and verification. It begins with an overview of how leakage is significantly increasing due to process scaling and how active power is now a major portion of power budgets. New strategies are needed to address process variations and enhance scaling approaches. The verification flows must support multi-voltage domain analysis and rule-based checking across voltage states while capturing island ordering and microarchitecture sequence errors. Low-power implementation introduces challenges for design representation, implementation across tools, and verification. Methodologies and design flows must be adapted to account for power and ground nets becoming functional signals.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
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van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
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Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
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OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
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Evolving Wireless Markets: Software Is the Answer, But What Is the Question?
1. APRIL ‘07
Evolving Wireless Markets & The Software Challenge, or
Software Is The Answer, But What Is The Question?
Willie Anderson and Rowland Reed
Qualcomm CDMA Technologies
DSP Development Group, Austin
PAGE 1
2. Overview
• Motivation: The Evolving and Huge Wireless Market Opportunities
• Hexagon DSP Introduction
• Hexagon DSP V2 Verification
• The Software Challenge & Its Effect On Overall Market
• Practical Approaches
Structured Specification
Functional Coverage for Software / System Test
Open-Source RTOS?
Software System Simulation
• Conclusion and Questions
PAGE 2
3. Wireless: Key Growth Drivers for Semiconductor Industry
Converging
600+ Million Mobile
Multimedia & Mobility Multimedia Users (2006)
Combining location & mobility with
audio, camera, video & gaming
Migrating Voice to Data 1+ Billion Data
3G Network Deployments around the globe: DO, Users (2007)
WCDMA, TD-SCDMA
Increasing Tele-density ~1.8 Billion Voice
Extending Voice Services into emerging markets Users (2008)
Growth Drivers
Sources (top to bottom): Yankee Group; ARC Group; Yankee Group
PAGE 3
4. Wireless: Key Growth Drivers for Semiconductor Industry
Converging
The Wireless Internet Will Soon HaveMillion Mobile
600+
Multimedia & Mobility
Greater Impact Than& The Wired Internet Users (2006)
Combining location mobility with
Multimedia
audio, camera, video & gaming
• 1B+ Mobile Data User By End Of 2007
With Anytime, Anywhereto Data
Migrating Voice Connectivity 1+ Billion Data
3G Network Deployments around the globe: DO, Users (2007)
• Vast Portions Of The World Will Have
WCDMA, TD-SCDMA
Access To Only Wireless Internet
Increasing Tele-density Mobile ~1.8 Billion Voice
• Laptops Now Embedded With markets
Extending Voice Services into emerging Users (2008)
Wide Area Broadband Modules
• Over 600M Phones Already Have
Multimedia CapabilityDrivers
Growth
Sources (top to bottom): Yankee Group; ARC Group; Yankee Group
PAGE 4
5. “Tomorrow’s Cell Phone Will Entertain, Amaze…
and Even Make Calls” (Fortune Magazine, October 2006)
Live TV Channels
Live TV broadcasts
Health and Fitness
Monitor your heart rate
Tagging
Share your favorite restaurant
with friends
Personal Identification
Gain access to data
Digital Wallet
Mobile commerce
Media Center
Get connected with other
Source: Fortune / Samuel Velasco / 5W Infographics
in-home devices through Wi-Fi
PAGE 5
6. Mobile Phone Shipments Outstrip All Other Devices
Global Device Sales (M's)
1400 1286
1252
1205
1156
1200 1086
986
1000
833
800
Millions
676
600 530
437
400
200
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Sources
• Mobile phone sales – Strategy Analytics, Oct’06
• Laptop and Desktop data – IDC PC tracker – Q1’07
PAGE 6
7. Moving Beyond Voice
Wireless WAN Evolution From 1G to 4G
UMB
LTE
10,000 DO-rev B
HSPA+
DOrB
HSDPA
1000 HSDPA 7.2
Average Throughput
3.6
DO-rev A
(Kbps)
EVDO
WCDMA
100
EDGE
CDMA 1x
GPRS
10 GSM CDMA
AMPS
1
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
PAGE 7
8. 3G Data Services Generating Increasing
Revenue for Carriers
250 100%
Premium Revenues 90% • Wireless data
Messaging revenues
200
Data as % of revenues
80% accounted for
17% of service
Data as % of revenues
70%
Revenues ($B)
150 60%
revenues in 2006
50%
100 40%
• Messaging (SMS,
30% MMS, IM, Email)
50 20% is still the key
10% driver for data but
0 0% share of premium
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 data revenues
was at 19%
(Gaming, Audio,
Video, Other
personlization) in
2006
PAGE 8
Source: Strategy Analytics, Dec’06
9. Wireless WAN Evolution
All The Power Of A Laptop…In Your Pocket 1 GHz Scorpion + ARM 9 CPUs
600 MHz DSP
3000+ MIPS*
3000
Paging, Messaging, Voice Mail MSM7200
2000 Personal Information Manager Convergence Dual-Core
ARM9 + ARM11
Up to 740 MIPS*
(400 MHz)
MSM6550
1600 Enhanced Platform ARM9
Up to 250 MIPS*
MIPS
(225 MHz)
MSM6500
1200 Multimedia Platform ARM9
Up to 160 MIPS*
(146 MHz)
800 MSM2 MSM2300 MSM3000
Intel 80186 ARM MCU ARM7TDMI
10 MIPS < 20 MIPS 23 MIPS* (27 MHz)
(~2.5 MHz)
400
0
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
PAGE 9
10. Wireless WAN Evolution
All The Power Of A Laptop…In Your Pocket 1 GHz Scorpion + ARM 9 CPUs
600 MHz DSP
3000+ MIPS*
Exponential Complexity Growth In
3000 Wireless Embedded Systems…
• Driven By Moore’s Law & Economies Of Scale In
Paging, Messaging, Voice Mail MSM7200
WirelessInformation Manager Electronics Segment ARM9 + ARM11
2000 Personal Consumer Convergence Dual-Core
Up to 740 MIPS*
(400 MHz)
•1600
Nearly 10X Growth In CapabilityEnhanced Platform ARM9 In Less
InMSM6550
Devices
Up to 250 MIPS*
Than 4 Years
MIPS
(225 MHz)
MSM6500
1200 Multimedia Platform ARM9
• Mobile Device Storage Lags PC Industry By < 8 Years
Up to 160 MIPS*
(146 MHz)
MSM3000
• 800 Intel 80186Device Performance Lags PC Industry By < 5
MSM2
Mobile MSM2300 23 MIPS* (27 MHz)
ARM MCU ARM7TDMI
10 MIPS < 20 MIPS
Years
400
(~2.5 MHz)
• This Growth Portends The Current And Future Growth
0
Of Complexity Of Mobile Embedded Software
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
PAGE 10
11. The Mobile Experience Requires Many Capabilities…
• Productivity (MS Office)
• Social Networking (Email, IM, VOIP, VT)
• Multimedia:
Streaming Audio/Video- MPEG4, MP3, AAC+, WMP…
Gaming
Image and Video Capture
• Content Transfer:
Local Networking (LAN/PAN)
Peripherals, Removable Storage
• Other Wireless Capabilities
Location-Based Services
Broadcast / Multicast
• Fundamental Characteristics
Stylish, Ergonomic and Easy-To-Use
Low Power
Low Cost
PAGE 11
12. Which Require A “Laundry List” Of Technologies…
• Multimode, Multi-band WWAN and WiFi (data bandwidth)
• Multimedia Processor:
Audio/Video CODECS- MPEG4, MP3, AAC+, WMP…
High Resolution Graphics Display
Image Sensor and Processor
• WPAN (BT, UWB, etc.) for data and audio support
• Peripherals (USB, Removable Storage)
• Large Internal Memory
• GPS
• Broadcast (DVB-H, MediaFLO)
• Low Power, Size, Cost
PAGE 12
13. Handsets Increase in Capability while Prices
Continue to Decline
Wireless Handset ASPs
$400
Smartphone
Enhanced Phone
$300 Low-End
Ultra-Low-End
Industry Average
$200
$100
$-
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: ABI Research, August 2006
PAGE 13
15. Hexagon V2 Verification Methodology Pillars
• Code And Functional Coverage
The Metric For Verification Completion
• Constrained-Random Stimulus
To Find The Dark Corners Missed By Functional Coverage
• Unit- And Core-Based Environments
• Checking And Coverage Independent Of Stimulus
Allows Portability From Unit To Core
PAGE 15
16. Random Stimulus Without Functional Coverage
Random stimulus without the visiblity provided by functional coverage
is like shotgun blasts in the dark:
Design space hit by
random stimulus
Design Space
PAGE 16
17. Functional Coverage without Random Stimulus
Using directed tests as the primary mechanism to hit functional
coverage points leaves you exposed to bugs in areas you don’t have
coverage for:
Functional Coverage Points
Design Space
PAGE 17
18. The Magic Combination
Functional Coverage in combination with constrained
random stimulus yields high-quality, repeatable
verification results:
Design space hit by
random stimulus
Functional Coverage Points
Design Space
PAGE 18
19. Hexagon V2 Unit Verification
• Testbench
Synopsys NTB, Ported From VERA
• Stimulus
Vera-based Constrained Random
Limited Directed Testing
• Correctness Checking
Custom Models And Checkers
Assertions
– Blackbox: Developed By Verification Engineer
– Whitebox: Developed By Design Engineer
• Functional Coverage
Blackbox: Developed By Verification Engineer
Whitebox: Developed By Design Engineer
PAGE 19
20. Hexagon V2 Core Verification
• Testbench • Functional Coverage
NTB, Verilog Architectural Functional Coverage
• Stimulus – Automatically Generated From XML
Architecture Description
Random
– Leveraging Both Internal And Vendor
Unit-level Coverage Ports Up
Generators
Directed • Emulation
– Targets Specific Verification Plan Line FPGA-based Emulation
Items
– Targets Hard-to-hit Coverage Points Used To Run Applications Like H.264
Video Decode
• Correctness Checking
Golden Model: Instruction Set
Simulator (ISS)
Checking Ported Up From Units
Additional Core-specific Checking –
Generally Assertions
PAGE 20
21. Hexagon V2 Coverage Development
• Code/Functional Coverage Is Our Fundamental Metric For Verification
Completeness
• Verification Plan Used To Define Functional Coverage
Subject To Extensive Review By Design And Verification Engineers
• ~20k Core-level Architectural Coverage Points
• ~240k Total Core-level Coverage Points
Including Coverage Points Ported From Units
• How Much Functional Coverage To Create?
Seems Like More Would Be Better
But, You Can Bury Yourself In Data If You’re Not Careful
PAGE 21
22. Hexagon V2 Coverage Analysis
• Initial Focus More On Code Coverage
Can Identify Missing Functional Coverage Points
• Transition Focus To More Functional Coverage
• Review Process Is Meeting/Time Intensive
Iteration Cycle-time Determines How Quickly You Can Converge On Coverage
Goals
– Review Data
– Identify Changes Required To Improve Coverage
– Run Cycles Against Updated Design -- Collect Data
– Repeat
• Synopsys .html Format Is One Interesting Slice Of Coverage Data, But Has
Its Limits
A Real Database To Slice And Dice Is Much More Useful
• Coverage Convergence
Newly Implemented Coverage Requires Debugging
Coverage Definition Will See Refinement And Clean Up
Stimulus Will Need To Be Modified/Enhanced To Hit Uncovered Areas
PAGE 22
28. Better RTOS And Specification Capture Are Needed
• Ideally, There Would Be An Open Source RTOS Which Is The “Moral
Equivalent” To Linux, But This Has Yet To Happen
“Real-Time” Variants Of Linux Exist
Many Open Source RTOSes Exist
None Have Become As Ubiquitous As Linux
• “Real Time” Requirements Are Vastly Different For Different Systems
Automotive, Wireless Modems and Multimedia All Have Significantly
Different Real-Time Requirements
• RTOSes Are Like Standards: There Are So Many To Choose From
But Lack Of A Popular Open-Source RTOS Has Had Significant Impact
• Structured Specification Capture For Embedded Software Modules
Could Have Dramatic Impact On Quality Of Delivered Product
Parseable Specification Can Enable Functional Coverage In SW Testing
Functional Coverage May Be Able To Improve Software Development As
Much As It Has Hardware Development
PAGE 28
29. Functional Coverage May Be Key Technology for Software
• Functional Coverage Is Already Widely Used In ASIC Verification
• Functional Coverage Finds Defects In Hardware Which Would Likely
Never Be Seen In Field Testing Or Even Normal System Operation
• Functional Coverage Is A “Results” Approach To Verification1
Describes System Design From User’s Viewpoint
Monitors (Using “Coverage Checkers”) Stimulus Scenarios, Errors, Corner
Cases, State Transitions, Protocols, etc.
Tracks Combinations (“Crosses”) of Stimulus Points and Groups
• Why Does Functional Coverage Work?
It Focuses Engineer’s Attention On Areas Of Lowest Coverage
It Can Tell You When Your Design Is “Good Enough”
It Decouples Stimulus From Measurement, And Allows High Quality Stimulus
• Tools: Focus, Meteor (IBM), PurifyPlus (Rational), xSuds (Telcordia)
• IBM Has Website On Functional Coverage Methods for Software:
http://www.haifa.il.ibm.com/projects/verification/coverage_advisor/index.html
1- Some definitions come from Design Verification with e by Samir Palnitkar
PAGE 29
32. What Does Functional Coverage Ideally Look Like?
Tests
Tests
Tests
Scenario
Monitor
Generator
Transactors Monitor
Drivers Monitor
Functional
Coverage
Analysis
System Under Test
PAGE 32
33. What Does Functional Coverage Ideally Look Like?
Tests
Tests
Tests
Scenario
H
Monitor
Generator
NC
BE
Transactors Monitor
ST
TE
Drivers Monitor
Functional
Coverage
Analysis
System Under Test
PAGE 33
34. What Does Functional Coverage Ideally Look Like?
Tests
Tests
Tests
Scenario
Monitor
RS
Generator
KE
Transactors Monitor
EC
Drivers CH Monitor
Functional
Coverage
Analysis
System Under Test
PAGE 34
35. What Does Functional Coverage Ideally Look Like?
Tests
Tests
Tests
Scenario
Monitor
Generator
Transactors Monitor
ER
Drivers Monitor
YZ
Functional
AL
Coverage
AN
Analysis
System Under Test
PAGE 35
36. If Software Takes Too Long To Develop, Start Earlier
Engineering Resources
Typical Embedded System Development
$€¥£…
Software
Hardware
Customer
Integration
Time
PAGE 36
37. If Software Takes Too Long To Develop, Start Earlier
Engineering Resources
Better Embedded System Development
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Software
Hardware
Customer
Integration
Time
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38. If Software Takes Too Long To Develop, Start Earlier
• This Better Approach Requires
Motivation To Improve The Overall Embedded
System Development Process
A Software Simulation System Capability
• A Software Simulation System Provides Simulators For All
Programmable Cores (CPU, DSP) And Hardware In The System
• Simulation Of The Full System On A Software Simulator Offers Several
Significant Advantages In Addition To Better “Time To Money”
Allows Improved Hardware and Software Architecture Tradeoff Analysis
Affords Embedded Software Developers Better Visibility Into Behavior
Affords Customers A Very Early Start Into Integration
• What Is Missing?
An Open Source Standard (Like GCC, Linux, etc.) Software Simulation
Platform To Encourage Reuse And Create A Simulator “Ecosystem”
• “Cycle Approximate” Is Good Enough – The “80/20” Rule Applies
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39. Summary
• Opportunities In Wireless Embedded Products Are Excellent!
A Plethora Of Wireless Communications Protocols For Personal, Local and
Wide Area Networks Is Creating Huge New Product Demand
New Capabilities Are Migrating To Complex Handheld Systems, Driven By
Consumer Desire For Wireless Internet Everywhere And Digital Multimedia
The Challenge: Engineering Must Deliver Complex Products That Consume
Very Low Power And Provide Gigabytes Of Software and Billions Of
Transistors For Very Low Cost And Very Low Defect Densities
• Embedded Software Development Will Continue To Present Challenges
A Ubiquitous Open-Source Simulation Platform and RTOS Is Desirable
Better, More Structured Methods For Specification Capture Can Facilitate
Better Quality In Embedded Software, Particularly When These Specs Can
Drive A Functional Coverage-Based Test System
Software System Simulation Can Facilitate Better Overall Lifecycle Costs
1. H. Sackman, W.J. Ericson, and E.E. Grant, “Exploratory Experimental Studies Comparing Online and Offline Programming Performance,” CACM,
Vol. 11, No. 1, Jan. 1968, pp. 3-11.
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40. Summary
• Opportunities In Wireless Embedded Products Are Excellent!
A Plethora Of Wireless Communications Protocols For Personal, Local and
Wide Area Networks Is Creating Huge New Product Demand
Great designs come from great designers. Software construction is a
New Capabilities Are Migrating To Complex empower and liberate the By
creative process. Sound methodology can Handheld Systems, Driven
Consumer Desire For Wireless Internet Everywhere And Digital Multimedia
creative mind; it cannot inflame or inspire the drudge.
The Challenge: Engineering Must Deliver Complex Products That Consume
Very Low Power And not minor – they are rather like the differences
The differences are Provide Gigabytes Of Software and Billions Of
Transistors For Very Low Cost And Very Low Defect Densities very best
between Salieri and Mozart. Study after study shows that the
• Embedded Software structures that are faster, smaller, simpler, cleaner,
designers produce Development Will Continue To Present Challenges
and produced with less effort1. The differences between the great and
A Ubiquitous Open-Source Simulation Platform and RTOS Is Desirable
the average programmer approach an order of magnitude.
Better, More Structured Methods For Specification Capture Can Facilitate
Better Quality In Embedded Software, Particularly When“No Silver Bullet”
- Fred Brooks, These Specs Can
Drive A Functional Coverage-Based Test System
Software System Simulation Can Facilitate Better Overall Lifecycle Costs
1. H. Sackman, W.J. Ericson, and E.E. Grant, “Exploratory Experimental Studies Comparing Online and Offline Programming Performance,” CACM,
Vol. 11, No. 1, Jan. 1968, pp. 3-11.
PAGE 40