The document discusses the history of mental health from ancient times to the present. It covers topics like the moral treatment movement, development of asylums and community-based care, key figures like Pinel and Tuke who advocated more humane treatment, diagnostic classifications like the DSM, and the establishment of the National Center for Mental Health in the Philippines. It provides context on the evolution of perspectives and approaches to mental illness over time.
Historical perspectives and trends of mental health nursingMonika Kanwar
Mental Health Nursing, also called psychiatric nursing, is among the newest of the recognized fields within the nursing profession. Mental Health Nursing focuses on those patients who have mental distresses. Psychiatric nursing is a speciality that has changed throughout history and has drastically changed through time.
The basic about the principles of psychiatric nursing , what all are the basic we have to follow while providing care to the psychiatric patients in hospital and in the community area
Historical perspectives and trends of mental health nursingMonika Kanwar
Mental Health Nursing, also called psychiatric nursing, is among the newest of the recognized fields within the nursing profession. Mental Health Nursing focuses on those patients who have mental distresses. Psychiatric nursing is a speciality that has changed throughout history and has drastically changed through time.
The basic about the principles of psychiatric nursing , what all are the basic we have to follow while providing care to the psychiatric patients in hospital and in the community area
Ethical issues of Care of elderly patients:-
Decision making capacity.
Informed consent.
Refusal of treatment.
Advance directive.
Major ethical principles.
Psycho-social aspects of aging.
It describes the commonly used terminology in mental health nursing.It forms the basic concept in the mind of students related to psychiatric nursing and psychology.
2007, the Mental Health Commission reported on mental health in New Zealand over the last decade. The Powerpoint presentation of this information will provide information on the beginnings of Mental Health Nursing.
Ethical issues of Care of elderly patients:-
Decision making capacity.
Informed consent.
Refusal of treatment.
Advance directive.
Major ethical principles.
Psycho-social aspects of aging.
It describes the commonly used terminology in mental health nursing.It forms the basic concept in the mind of students related to psychiatric nursing and psychology.
2007, the Mental Health Commission reported on mental health in New Zealand over the last decade. The Powerpoint presentation of this information will provide information on the beginnings of Mental Health Nursing.
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Anti psychiatry is like feedback for psychiatry that motivate for continue improvement in psychiatry. Everyone knows what is psychiatry, here is what is anti psychiatry. It helps to keep treatment standard and inward facilities up. Mainly opposing restrain against patients denial for treatment.
Antipsychiatry Movement arose as a zeitgeist of the 1960s anti-establishment movements. It has in a way contributed to the development of psychiatry by pointing out its short comings.
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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2. Complimentary therapies- unconventional therapies
that encompasses a spectrum of practices and
beliefs, including herbs, visual imagery,
acupunctures, and massage therapy.
Decade of brain- proclamation by the state
Congress that explains mental illness as a disease
of the brain. It underscores the significance of
technological advances in neurobiology and
genetics and their impact on understanding mental
illness.
Deinstitutionalization- caring for people outside
the hospital who have been previously hospitalized
for an extended period, caring for people in the
community rather than in a state facility.
3. Mental Health Movement- a movement that begun
more than 25 years ago that focuses on humane
treatment of the mentally ill, initially advocating
their release from state institutions to community
mental health centers.
Moral treatment- humane treatment of the
mentally ill; for example, releasing clients from
mechanical restraints and improving physical care.
Psychotropics- various pharmacologic agents, such
as antidepressants and antipsychotic, antimanic
and antianxiety agents used to affect
behavior, mood and feelings.
Neurobiology- biology of the nervous
system, particularly the brain.
Neuroscience- the science and study of the central
nervous system.
4.
5. Insanity was associated with demonic
possession.
Healers extract unseen spirits through
rituals using herbs, ointments and
precious stones.
Mental illness was perceived as
incurable, and treatment of the insane
was sometimes inhumane and brutal.
6.
7. Mentally ill people:
Often imprisoned or forced to live
in streets and beg for food.
For more humane treatment, they
depend on charity of religious
groups, who dispenses alms or
food or other donations to the
needy or poor and ran almshouses
and general hospitals.
8. First mental asylum: St. Mary
of Bethlehem
Built in London, England
during the 14th Century.
Conceived as a sanctuary or
refuge for the destitute and
afflicted.
Model for similar institutions
elsewhere.
9.
10. Continued skepticism about the curability of
mental illness.
Asylums became the repositories for
prolonged enclosure of the mentally ill.
Insane people were treated more like
animals than humans.
Inhabitants were poorly clothed and fed;
often chained and caged, and deprived of
heat and sunlight.
11. The insane was no longer
treated as less than human.
The concept of asylum
developed from the humane
efforts of Pinel and Tuke.
12.
13. Emphasized the need for pleasant
surroundings and diversional and
moral treatment of the mentally
ill.
Treatment include (considered
controversial): bloodletting and
the administration of cold and hot
baths, harsh purgatives, and
emetics.
Considers inducement of fright or
shock would cause the mentally ill
to regain their insanity.
14. Invented the tranquilizer chair and the
Gyrator.
Tranquilizer chair- the mentally ill’s
extremities is strapped down and this reduces
motor and pulse rates; thought to produce
calming effect.
Gyrator- a form of shock therapy consisting of
a rotating, swinging platform onto which the
person was strapped and moved at high speed;
Thought to increase cerebral circulation.
Author of the first American treatise on
Psychiatry: Medical Inquiries and
Observations upon the Disease of the
Mind.
15. Advocated kindness and
moral treatment.
Greatest impact came
after he was placed in
charge of Bicerte Hospital.
Proved that releasing the
insane from chains and
providing moral treatment
improved their prospect.
16. William Tuke (1732-1822)
Began a 4-yaer dynasty that
advocated humane treatment
of the mentally ill.
Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-
1815)
Renewed the art of suggestive
healing that stemmed form the
ancient use of trances, which
became the basis of hypnosis.
17.
18. US and other European Countries
began a movement that championed
reformation of ideas in establishing
state hospitals.
1772- First psychiatric hospital in
America in Williamsburg, Virginia.
19. 1817- Mclean Asylum in Massachusetts
became the first US institution to provide
humane treatment for the mentally ill.
Humane treatment- emphasized an
environment of understanding and
promoted a sense of contentment and
mental and physical health.
Increased concerns and sensitivity to the
needs of the mentally ill generated a need
for better-educated attendants to care for
severely disturbed clients.
20.
21. A retired school teacher
from Massachusetts.
Led crusade that brought
attention of these
conditions to the public
and legislature.
The result is an
improvement in standards
of care for the mentally ill
which led to proliferation
of state hospitals.
22. The first American Psychiatric
Nurse
Graduate of New England
Hospital for Women
Developed nursing care in state
hospitals and also directed a
school of psychiatric Nursing in
Mclean Psychiatric Asylum in
1880.
Her efforts resulted to the
development of school for
nurses in more than 30
asylums
23.
24. Exploration of the reasons for mental
disease accelerated with contributions
from numerous theorists and
researchers who laid the foundation
for understanding and demystifying
mental illness.
25. Initiated psychobiological
theory and dynamic
concept of psychiatric care.
Theory centered on
treatment rather than
disease and integrated
biochemical, genetic, psych
osocial, and environmental
stresses on mental illness.
26. Had been treated for mental
illness.
Contributed to preventive care
though his classic work, A Mind
That Found Itself, published in
1908.
Played a major role in
establishing Mental Health
Movement in New Haven,
Connecticut, in 1908 and
promoting the early detection
of mental illness.
27. Devised a classification of
mental disorders.
Shifted from an emphasis
on research in the
pathobiological laboratory
to the observation and
research in conditions
known as praecox
dementia and mania.
28. Coinedthe term
schizophrenia and
included its
characteristics the four
As: apathy, associative
looseness, autism, and
ambivalence.
29. Development of
psychoanalysis,
psychosexual theories, and
neurosis.
Psychoanalysis- a method
that serves as the basis for
treatment and a theory for
personality development.
30. Founded analytic
psychology.
Proposed and originated
the concepts extroverted
and introverted personality.
Integrated spiritual
concepts, reasoning,
ancestral emotional trends,
and mysticism , and the
creative notion of human
beings.
31. Objected to Freud’s
notions that neurosis and
personality development
were based on biological
drives.
Her theory suggested that
neuroses stem from
cultural factors and
impaired interpersonal
relationships.
32. Postulated the Hypothesis of
interpersonal theory and the
development of
multidisciplinary approaches to
psychiatric and milieu therapy.
He surmised that anxiety could
be reduced through a
meaningful interpersonal
relationship that stresses the
process of effective
communication.
33. A deliberate shift from
institutional care in state hospitals
to community facilities.
Community mental health centers:
provides less restrictive treatment
located closer to homes, families
and friends.
34. Declared by the US Congress as the Decade of
the Brain
Increase in brain research; increased interest
in biologic explanations for mental disorders.
Significant changes in public awareness which
enabled clinicians to address relatively
complex topics with patients and families.
Nursing responed by significant augmentation
of psychobiologic content in academic
nursing programs and a torrent of continuing
education programs.
35. “Nursing Mental Diseases”
Written by Harriet Bailey in 1920
In 1937, psychiatric nursing became a
part of the curriculum of general
nursing programs.
36. Hildegard Peplau
Developed a model for psychiatric nursing
practice
Wrote the book “Interpersonal Relationship in
Nursing” (1952), heavily influenced by Harry
Stack Sullivan.
Emphasizes the interpersonal dimension of
practice.
Wrote a history of psychiatric nursing
Single most important figure in psychiatric
nursing
37.
38. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders (DSM): outlines
the signs and symptoms required in
order for clinicians to assign a specific
diagnosis to a patient.
Has been published in six editions
since its inception in 1952
40. Axis I: Clinical disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, major
depression, bipolar disorder)
Axis II: Personality or developmental disorders
(e.g., paranoid and borderline personality
disorders, mental retardation)
Axis III: General medical conditions that relate to
axis I or II or have bearing on treatment
(e.g., neoplasms, endocrine disorders)
Axis IV: Severity of psychosocial stressors
(e.g., divorce, housing, educational issues)
Axis V: Global assessment of functioning, on a scale
of 0 to 100 (e.g., score of 30 means that the
patient’s behavior is highly influenced by delusions
and hallucinations)
41.
42. Was established thru Public Works Act 3258
Was first known as Insular Psychopathic
Hospital, situated on a hilly piece of land in
Barrio Mauway, Mandaluyong, Rizal and was
formally opened on December 17, 1928.
Later known as National Mental Hospital
November 12, 1986: was given its present
name National Center for Mental Health thru
Memorandum Circular No. 48 of the Office
of the President
43. January 30, 1987: categorized as Special
Research Training Center and Hospital under
the DOH
Today:
◦ Bed capacity: 4,200
◦ Daily average in-patients: 3, 400
◦ 46.7 hectares
◦ 35 pavilions/ cottages
◦ 52 wards
◦ Personnel: 1,993
◦ Doctors: 116
◦ Nurses: 375
◦ Administrative staff: 651
◦ Medical Ancillary Personnel: 196
44. A special training and research hospital
mandated to render a comprehensive
(preventive, promotive, curative and
rehabilitative) range of quality mental
health services nationwide.
Gives and creates venues for quality
mental health education, training and
research geared towards hospital and
community mental health services
nationwide.