The document provides an overview of the scope of the humanities, including visual arts, literature, music, drama and theater, and dance. It discusses various forms within each category such as graphic arts, painting, sculpture, poetry, instrumental music, comedy, ballet, and folk dancing. The visual arts are divided into graphic arts which use a two-dimensional surface and plastic arts which are three-dimensional. Literature encompasses forms such as drama, essays, fiction, and poetry. Music can be vocal, instrumental, or combined with other arts like opera.

1. THE SCOPE OF
HUMANITIES
By: Eric F. Pazziuagan

2. VISUAL ARTS

3. Visual Arts
Perceive by our eyes
Classification:
◦Graphic: flat, two-
dimensional surface
◦Plastic arts: three-
dimesional

4. The Graphic Arts
 Any form of visual
representation in which
portrayals of forms and
symbols are recorded on a
two-dimensional surface.
 All processes and products
of the of the printing
industry.

5. 1.Painting
2.Drawing
3.GraphicProcesses
4.Commercial Art
5.Mechanical
Processes

6. Painting
 Process of applying pigment to
a surface to secure effects
involving forms and colors.
 Painting mediums: oils,
watercolors, tempera, others.
 Surfaces: canvas, wood,
paper and plaster.

8. Drawing
 The art of representing something
by lines made on a surface or the
process of portraying an object,
scene, or forms of decorative or
symbolic meaning through lines,
shading, and textures in one or
more colors.
 Medium: pencil, pen and ink,
crayon, brush, and charcoal.

10. Graphic Processes
 Processes for making multi-
reproduction of graphic works.
 Involve the preparation of master
image of the drawing or design on
some durable material such as wood,
metal, or stone, from which printing is
done.
 Processes:
◦ Raised (relief)
◦ Depressed (Intaglio)
◦ Flat (surface, or plane)

11. Relief Printing
 Unwanted portions of
design are cut away on the
master image.
 Printed image is formed by
the remaining surfaces.
 Examples: linoleum cuts,
woodcuts, wood

14. Intaglio Printing
 Printing from a plate on which incised
lines, which carry the ink, leave a
raised impression.
 Dry point:
◦ Artist draws directly on a metal plate with
a sharp needle and scratches lines, or
grooves, into the metal.
◦ For each print, ink is rubbed into the
grooves and the unscratched surface is
wiped clean.
◦ In printing, the ink in the grooves is
transferred to paper.

15.  Etching:
◦ Drawing or designs on metal plates covered
with wax.
◦ Needle penetrates wax to the surface of the
plate.
◦ Plate is then dipped in acid, which eats the
lines into the metal.
◦ For printing, etched (bitten) lines are filled
with ink which is transferred to the paper.
 Engraving:
◦ Done on a metal plate with a cutting tool
called a barin, which leaves a V-shaped
trough.
◦ Drawings or designs on the plate are entirely
composed of lines or dots.

17. Surface Printing
 Includes all processes in which
printing is done from a flat (plane)
surface.
 Lithography:
◦ Printing from a flat stone or metal plate by
am method based on the repulsion
between grease and water.
◦ Design is put on the surface.
◦ Surface is treated so that ink adheres
only to areas where drawing has been
done.
◦ Ink is then transferred to the paper in
printing.

18.  Silkscreen:
◦ Silk is stretched over a rectangular
frame and unwanted portions in the
design are blocked out.
◦ Pigment is forced through the clear
areas.
◦ For multi-color prints, a separate
screen is used for each color.

19. Commercial Art
 Designing of books, advertisements,
signs, posters, and other displays to
promote sale or acceptance of
product, service or idea.

20. Mechanical Processes
 Developed by commercial-
mechanical process for rapid, large-
quantity reproduction of words and
pictures in one or more colors.

21. Photography
 Chemical- mechanical process by
which images are produced on
sensitized surfaces by action of light.
 Reproductions may be in black or
white or in full colors of the original.

22. THE PLASTIC
ARTS

23. The Plastic Arts
Allfields of the visual arts
in which materials are
organized into three-
dimensional forms.

24. Architecture
 The art of designing and constructing
buildings and other types of
structures.
 Materials: stone, concrete, brick,
wood, steel, glass, plaster
 “mother of the arts”- it houses, serves
as background for, or occurs in
relation to other fields of art such as
painting, sculpture, interior design,
landscape architecture, and city

26. Landscape
Architecture
 Planning outdoor areas for
human use and enjoyment,
especially gardens, parks,
playgrounds, golf courses.
 Chief materials: plants,
shrubs, trees, folwers,
vines, and ground cover.

28. City Planning
 Planning and arranging the
physical aspects of a large or
small community.
 Structures and areas
concerned with all phases of
living and working are
attractively and efficiently
organized and related.

30. Interior Design
 Design and arrangement of
architectural interiors for
convenience and beauty.
 Includes backgrounds (wall,
floors, ceilings), furnishings, and
accessories.
 Fields: Design of wallpaper,
furniture, textiles for curtains, and
upholstery

32. Sculpture
 Design and construction of three
dimensional forms representing
natural objects or imaginary
(sometimes abstract) shapes.
 Common materials: stone, wood,
clay, metal; ivory, jade, wire, string
and other materials.
 Sculpture of figures: statues

34. Crafts
 Designing and making of objects
by hand for use or for pleasure.
 Ceramics, jewelry, leatherwork,
and weaving.
 Mass- produced: industrial
design.

36. Industrial Design
 Design of objects for machine
production.
 Examples: automobiles, household
appliances

37. Dress and Costume Designs
 Design of wearing apparel of all
types- dresses, coats, suits,
shoes, ties, etc.

38. Theater Design
 Design of settings for dramatic
productions.

39. LITERATUR
E

40. Literature
 Theart of combining
spoken or written words
and their meanings into
forms which have artistic
and emotional appeal.

41. Drama
A form of literature.

42. Essay
 Non-fiction,expository
(descriptive or explanatory)
writing ranging from informal,
personal topics to closely
reasoned critical treatments of
important subjects.

43. Prose Fiction
 Includes narratives (stories) created by
the author, as distinguished from true
accounts.
 Fiction: comes from the Latin word
which means “to form”, “to invent”, or
“to feign.”
 Divided into: novel, novelette, and short
story forms.
 Novel or short story: describes

44. Poetry
 Literature of a highly expressive
nature using special forms and
choice of words and emotional
images.
 Narrative (story telling) poetry
includes epics, romances, and
ballads.
 Lyric forms: sonnet, ode, elegy
and songs.

45. Miscellaneous
 History,biography, letters,
journals, diaries, and other works
not formally classified as literature
often have literary appeal and
status due to high quality of the
writing.

46. MUSIC

47. Music
 The art of arranging sound in rhythmic
succession and generally in
combination.
 Melody results from this sequence,
and harmony from combinations.
 Both creative and a performing art
 Common forms: songs, march, fugue,
sonata, suite, fantasy, concerto, and
symphony.

48. Vocal music
 Composed primarily to be sung.
 Voice or voices are generally
accompanied by one or more
instruments.

49. Instrumental music
 Written
for instruments of four
general types:
◦ Keyboard (piano, organ, etc.)
◦ Stringed ( violin, cello, guitar, etc.)
◦ Wind (flute, clarinet, etc.)
◦ Brass winds (trumpet, saxo-phone,
etc.)
◦ Percussion (drum, xylophone, etc.)

50. Music combined with other
arts
 Opera:
◦ drama set to music
◦ Mostly or entirely sung with
orchestral accompaniment
◦ Spectacularly staged with
accomplished singers, elaborate
scenery, and costumes.

51.  Operatta and musical comedy:
◦ Drama set to music but is light,
popular, romantic and often
humorous or comic
◦ Use spoken dialogue instead of
recitative

52.  Oratorio and Cantata:
◦ Sacred musical drama in concert form.
◦ Made up of recited parts (recitative), arias,
and choruses, with orchestral
accompaniment.
◦ No action, sets, and costumes are used.
◦ Oratories are usually based on Biblical
themes

53. Other forms
 Ballet music
 Background music for motion
pictures

54. DRAMA AND
THEATER

55. Drama or play
A story re-created by
actors on stage in
front of an audience.

56. Tragedy
 One of literature's greatest
dramatic art forms.
 A drama of serious nature
in which the central
character comes to sad or
disastrous end.
 All tragedies portray

58. Melodrama
 Emphasis is on action
rather than on character.
 The action is sensational or
romantic and usually has a
happy ending.

60. Comedy
 All plays with happy endings.
 Romantic comedy: light, amusing tale of
lovers in some dilemma which is solved
happily,
 Farce: light, humurous play. Emphasis is
on jokes, humorous physical action,
ludicrous situations, and improbable
characters.
 Comedy of manners or “drawing room
comedy”: sophisticated or satirical.
Characters are usually high-society types,
and situations have little to do with real

61. Miscellaneous
 Tragicomedy: drama blending tragic
and comic elements but which ends
happily.
 Miracle and mystery plays: dramatized
stories from the Bible and lives of
saints.
 Morality plays: characters represent
specific vices and virtues.
 Closet drama: plays written for reading
than for staging.

62.  Piano drama: based on piano works
which revolve around the musical
pieces composed under the inspiration
of a literary work. It combines the
interpretation of music with the
recitation of poetry and the literary
source of music.

63. DANCE

64. Dance
 Involves
the movement of
the body and feet in
rhythm.

65. Ethnologic
 Includes folk dancing
associated with national and
cultural groups.

66. Social or Ballroom
dances
 Popular types of
dancing generally
performed by
pairs.
 Waltz, fox trot,
rhumba and
tango.

67. The Ballet
 Formalized type of dance which
originated in the courts of the
Middle Ages.
 Amy either be solo or concerted
dances with mimetic actions
accompanied by music.
 Generally built around a theme or
story.

69. Modern
 Sometimes called contemporary or
interpretative dances.
 Represents rebellion against the
classical formalism of ballet: they
emphasize personal communication of
moods and themes.
 Past: movements were natural and
untrained.
 Today: varied forms of movements
usually based on the current trend.

71. Musical Comedy
 Refers to those dances performed by
soloists, groups, and choruses in
theaters, night clubs, motion pictures,
and television.
 Combines various forms of ballet,
modern, tap and acrobatics.