Italy has established energy efficiency targets for 2020 including a 20% reduction in primary energy consumption and annual energy savings of 1.5% through energy efficiency obligation schemes. In 2016, Italy achieved 41% of its overall target, with most savings from residential and industrial sectors. The main policy mechanisms supporting the targets are white certificates, tax deductions, and thermal account subsidies. White certificates accounted for over 60% of energy savings in 2016 and have certified a total of 24 Mtoe of savings since 2005 primarily in industry and buildings.

1. Evaluation of Energy Efficiency
policies in Italy
DanielGiannetti
EPATEE
1st European Peer LearningWorkshop,
Paris, 3rd October 2017

2. Agenda
2
Energy Efficiency targets and results in Italy
White certificates operating data
Impacts of white certificates mechanism on economy, environment and energy bill

3. 2020 Energy efficiency Targets
3
Energy EfficiencyTarget 2020 Energy EfficiencyTarget 2020
Description Mandatory % % Mtoe Period Measures
Total EE
target
Primary energy
savings with respect
to PRIMES 2007
reference scenario
of primary energy
consumption.
No -20%
-24 %
(with respect to
reference PRIMES
2007)
-15,5 Mtoe/y
(saving in 2020 final
consumption) (*)
2011-2020
• White Certificates
• Thermal Account
• Fiscal deduction
• EPBD
• EC Standard & Regulation
• Other Measures in
Transport
EE
obligation
schemes
target
(Art.7 EED)
Final energy savings
through energy
efficiency obligation
schemes
Yes
1,5%/y
new savings in 2014-
2020 of 1,5 % of the
annual energy sales
with some
facilitations
(art 7 par. 2 & 3 EED)
Up to 1,5% /y
(of Final Consumption
excluding transport)
-25,4 Mtoe
(2014-2020 FC
cumulated savings,
corresponding to
6,75 Mtoe/y in 2020)
2014-2020
• White Certificates (60%)
• Thermal Account
• Fiscal deduction
Currently the European and National legislation frameworks include two different energy efficiency targets:
(*) 20 Mtoe in terms of Primary energy consumption

4. Main Energy Efficiency support mechanisms in Italy
4
(*) Until 2017, incentive lifetime is for the most part of interventions 5 years
(**) Considering economics of the last obligation year (2016) June 2016 – May 2017
(***) Considering only 65% deduction, because 50% deduction includes also costs not related to energy efficiency interventions
(****) The public cost considering only Thermal account incentives paid in 2016
White Certificates Fiscal deduction Thermal Account
Energy savings target obligation Obligation quota Voluntary Voluntary
Remuneration mechanism Saving payment
(Saving Certificate with variable market price)
Tax relief
(65% of investment for specific EE intervention,
50% for generic building refurbishment)
Capital subsidies
(around 50% of investment)
Incentive lifetime 3-10 years (*) 10 years 1-5 years
Sector involved in EE intervention
Utilities
Industry
Residential
Services
Transport
Residential
Services
Residential
Services/SME
Public administration
Energy savings monitoring Measured Estimated Estimated
Funding source Gas & Electricity Bill
National Budget
(tax income reduction)
Gas Bill
Total public cost (2016) 1,4 bn (**) 2,2 bn (***) 0,04 bn (****)
Target savings share 2016 (Art.7
EED)
68% 32% 0%
Policy effectiveness
KPI [€/TOE, €/CO2]
191€/TOE (**)
56 €/CO2
1091 €/TOE (***)
448 €/CO2
525 €/TOE (EE) - 191 €/TOE (RES-H)
209€/tCO2 (EE) - 62€/tCO2 (RES-H)
Duration of scheme 2005-..
(2020 last year with defined obligation quota)
1998-.. 2014-…
(achievement of cost: 900 M€/y)

5. Status of national energy efficiency target
5
National EE target per sector
In 2016 Italy reached 41% of the national energy efficiency target expected for 2020:
• The energy savings assessed in 2016 (interventions 2011-2016) are concentrated in residential and industrial sectors while services and transport
sectors are still far from the sectorial target
• White certificates and Fiscal deductions are the most significant energy efficiency measures in terms of energy saving generated to achieve the
target (*)
National EE target per EE measure
3,1 MTOE 3,7 MTOE
0,2 MTOE
1,2 MTOE2,0 MTOE
5,1 MTOE
1,2 MTOE
5,5 MTOE
6,4 MTOE
15,5 MTOE
2016 Observed 2020 Target
Transport
Industry
Services
Residential
2,6 MTOE
5,5 MTOE
1,6 MTOE
1,4 MTOE
1,5 MTOE
2,2 MTOE
5,2 MTOE
2,0 MTOE
6,4 MTOE
15,5 MTOE
2016 Observed 2020 Target
Mobility investment
EC Std & Reg. (incl. EPBD)
Thermal account
Fiscal deductions
White certificates

6. Status of national energy efficiency target by measure and sector
6
National EE target per measure National EE target per sector
The national energy savings data (showed in the previous slide) in more details:
2,6 MTOE
5,5 MTOE
1,6 MTOE1,4 MTOE
0,0 MTOE
1,5 MTOE
2,2 MTOE
5,2 MTOE
0,1 MTOE
2,0 MTOE
6,4 MTOE
15,5 MTOE
2016
Observed
2020
Target
2016
Observed
2020
Target
2016
Observed
2020
Target
2016
Observed
2020
Target
2016
Observed
2020
Target
2016
Observed
2020
Target
White certificates Fiscal deductions Thermal account EC Std & Reg. (incl.
EPBD)
Mobility
investment
Total EE measures
Transport
Industry
Services
Residential
3,1 MTOE
3,7 MTOE
0,2 MTOE
1,2 MTOE
2,0 MTOE
5,1 MTOE
1,2 MTOE
5,5 MTOE
6,4 MTOE
15,5 MTOE
2016
Observed
2020
Target
2016
Observed
2020
Target
2016
Observed
2020
Target
2016
Observed
2020
Target
2016
Observed
2020
Target
Residential Services Industry Transport Total sector
Mobility investment
EC Std & Reg. (incl. EPBD)
Thermal account
Fiscal deductions
White certificates

7. Status of energy efficiency obligation schemes target (Art.7 EED)
7
Art.7 EED national target and result Art.7 EED targets and results per energy efficiency measure
0,9 Mtoe
2,7 Mtoe
5,5 Mtoe
13,5 Mtoe
19,1 Mtoe
25,8 Mtoe
1,2 Mtoe
2,7 Mtoe
4,6 Mtoe
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Art.7 EED Energy Saving Target
Art.7 EED Energy Saving observed
83% of 2016 Planned
18% of 2020Target
68%0%
32%
White Certificate
Thermal Account
Fiscal Deduction
In 2016 Italy was in line (83%) with the energy saving trend defined in EEAP in order to reach the 2020 energy efficiency obligation scheme target :
• White certificates covered more than 60% of the energy savings assessed and is very closed to the planned saving trend
• Fiscal deduction provided more energy savings compared to expectations. Fiscal deductions partially compensate the ThermalAccount energy
savings gap
1,0
1,9
3,1
0,000 0,001
0,003
0,2
0,7
1,5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Mtep
White Certificates target EEAP2014
Thermal Account target EEAP2014
Fiscal deduction target EEAP2014
White Certificates observed saving
Thermal Account observed saving
Fiscal deduction observed saving

8. Agenda
8
Energy Efficiency targets and results in Italy
White certificates operating data
Impacts of white certificates mechanism on economy, environment and energy bill

9. White Certificates and savings generated
9
Yearly White Certificates emissions and related energy savings Cumulated White Certificates emissions and related energy savings
• In 2016 in Italy have been issued 5,5 M of white certificates related to 2 Mtoe of energy savings interventions, with an increasing rate of 10%
compared to 2015 emissions
• The new interventions received 0,7 M of WhC (13%) while the rest are were dedicated to interventions realized in the previous years
• The white certificates scheme in 11 years certified 24 Mtoe of primary energy savings
557
757
1.388
2.506
3.246 3.332
5.734
6.118
7.522
5.029
5.518
3.162
2.448
2.695
1.733
1.932
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
WhCs nr. [k]
Energy Savings [ktep]
557 1.314
2.702
5.208
8.454
11.786
17.520
23.638
31.160
36.189
41.706
14.947
17.395
20.090
21.823
23.756
-
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
45.000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
WhCs nr. [k]
Energy Savings [ktep]

10. White Certificates by assessment method
10
Annual amount of projects, white certificates emissions and related energy savings per EE project assessment method
• The WhCs scheme includes 3 assessing methods to calculate and verify the WhCs amount:
• Standardized assessment methods (RVC-S): without metering, considering default values for the energy savings of single installed units and taking into
account corrective factors (e.g. climate zone, working hours, etc.). Method allowed only for some EE interventions (e.g. windows, lighting, etc.)
• Reporting assessment method (RVC-C): requires direct measurement before and after intervention, taking into account technological baseline.The project
description and measurement of energy savings proposal could be previously submitted and accepted by GSE (PPPM)
• Many of the WhC projects are represented by standard assessment methods while the main part of WhCs and related energy saving is assessed by reporting
assessment methods
2.079
6.155
2.104 2.170 3.124
1.010 1.803 2.646
877
4.034 4.103
2.935
7.604
1.156
518
4.490
1.598
632
6.971
2.435
915
14.751
7.522
2.695
11.762
5.029
1.733
12.524
5.518
1.932
Projects [nr.] WhC nr. [k] Savings [kTOE] Projects [nr.] WhC nr. [k] Savings [kTOE] Projects [nr.] WhCs nr. [k nr] Savings [kTOE]
2014 2015 2016
IP: Infrastructure projects
PPPM: Monitoring plan
RVC‐S: Standardized assessment methods
RVC‐A: Analytical assessment methods
RVC‐C: Reporting assessment methods

11. White Certificates by sector
Annual amount of White certificates emissions and energy savings by sector involved in energy consumption saving
• Most of WhC and energy savings are recognized to energy efficiency interventions in industrial sector (52% of savings in 2016)
• The share of savings verified in buildings of residential and service sectors is progressively growing (41% of savings in 2016)
11
1.343
549
1.546
588
2.199
787
5.957
2.010
3.126
996
3.065
1.013
7.522
2.695
5.029
1.733
5.518
1.932
WhCs nr. [k] Saving [kTOE] WhCs nr. [k] Energy savings [kTOE] WhCs nr. [k] Saving [kTOE]
2014 2015 2016
INDUSTRY BUILDING (RESIDENTIAL+SERVICES)
LIGHTING TRANSPORT
ELECTRICITY & GAS GRID INFRASTRUCTURES

12. White Certificates by intervention type
535
883
313
190
138
129
126
264
946
944
506 540
1.705
2.010
996 1.013
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
2013 2014 2015 2016
kTOE
HEAT PRODUCTION & RECOVERY IN INDUSTRY
ELECTRIC DEVICES IN INDUSTRY
PROCESS OPTIMIZATION & OTHER IN INDUSTRY
EFFICIENT ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY
67
51 60
201 224
256
341
113
203 260
372
435
549
588
787
0
500
1.000
1.500
2013 2014 2015 2016
kTOE
BUILDING INSULATION
HEAT PRODUCTION & RECOVERY IN BUILDING
BUILDING AUTOMATION
ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN BUILDING
BUILDING ELECTRIC APPLIANCE
BUILDING ICT DEVICES
BUILDING HOT WATER DEMAND REDUCTION
15 18 22
140
27 12
58
78
78 75
210
127
115 109
0
250
500
2013 2014 2015 2016
kTOE
RETROFIT PUBLIC LIGHTING
RETROFIT PRIVATE LIGHTING
NEW PUBLIC LIGHTING
NEW PRIVATE LIGHTING
Savings by intervention type in industry Savings by intervention type in buildings Savings by intervention type in lighting
• The largest part of energy efficiency interventions realized in industrial sector are related to heat production and recovery (53%)
• Heat production interventions and building insulation cover 90% of savings supported byWhCs scheme in the building sector
• The main part of lighting interventions is represented by retrofit of public lighting (69%)
12

13. 13
White Certificates by energy saving type
Amount of White certificates and savings by Whc type
• Half of WhC and energy savings are related to energy certificate type 2 representing savings of natural gas because the largest part of energy
efficiency interventions supported byWhC involves heat production and recovery mainly from natural gas
7.522
2.695
5.029
1.733
5.518
1.932
WhC nr. [k] Saving [kTOE] WhC nr. [k] Saving [kTOE] WhC nr. [k] Saving [kTOE]
2014 2015 2016
WhC 5: Transport fuel savings
WhC 3: Other commodities savings
WhC 2: Gas savings
WhC 1: Electricity savings

14. - 60% of white certificate sales are traded on the central market and 40% by bilaterals
- White Certificates traded into the central market show prices 20% higher than those of bilaterals, where free sales between branches of the same company occur (ESCO and DSO)
- From 2017 the price is stably beyond 200 euro per white certificate, after being in the range 90-110 euro/certificate for over five years
- The WhC price growth could be driven by short market caused by more challenging obligation quota and speculative negotiations
- Currently it does not exist a cap mechanism for white certificates market price
Main trends of White certificates market
White certificates sales and price trends
14
Central Market Price 2015:
116 €/WhC
Central Market Price 2016:
193 €/WhC
Central Market Price
2017 (preliminary):
290 €/WhC
Bilateral price 2015:
96 €/WhC
Bilateral price
2016:
158 €/WhC
Bilateral price 2017
(preliminary):
207 €/WhC
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2015-06
2015-07
2015-08
2015-09
2015-10
2015-11
2015-12
2016-01
2016-02
2016-03
2016-04
2016-05
2016-06
2016-07
2016-08
2016-09
2016-10
2016-11
2016-12
2017-01
2017-02
2017-03
2017-04
2017-05
2017-06
2017-07
2017-08
2017-09
2017-10
Year of obligation 2015 Year of obligation 2016 Year of obligation 2017
Sales [nr. WhCs]Price [€/WhC]
Central market monthly price [€/WhC]
Central market annual price [€/WhC]
Bilaterals monthly price [€/WhC]
Bilaterals annual price [€/WhC]
Central market monthly sales [nr. WhC]
Bilaterals monthly sales [nr. WhC]

15. Agenda
15
Energy Efficiency targets and results in Italy
White certificates operating data
Impacts of white certificates mechanism on economy, environment and energy bill

16. White certificate scheme cost
16
White certificate scheme annual cost evolution
215 M€
326 M€ 325 M€
481 M€
714 M€
618 M€
726 M€
1.383 M€
89 €/WhC 92 €/WhC 94 €/WhC 87 €/WhC 110 €/WhC 106 €/WhC 115 €/WhC
191 €/WhC
3.200
4.300
5.300
6.000
5.510
6.750
7.750
9.510
2.332 2.331
3.477
3.736
6.500
5.820
6.325
7.224
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Obligation year
WhC annual rembursment (k €)
WhC compensation price (€/WhC)
WhC obligation quota [k WhC]
WhC quota fullfilled by DSO [k WhC]
• In recent years, the annual cost of white certificates is growing. It overcame 1 bn/y in 2016.
• The white certificates mechanism cost is driven by the increasing of:
• obligation quota to reach the challenging energy efficiency goals
• white certificates compensation price recognized to DSO (obliged subjects) that is linked to market price

17. 17
White certificate economic impact on family bill
1 2 1 1 2
6 76 6
13
4
6
12
14
15 35
101
153
169 190
170
270
352
375
602
813
8
30
59
101
135
233
328
314 297
453
735
0,1 €
7 € 7 €
15 €
5 €
8 €
18 €
21 €
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Domestic gas annual cost for WhC [€]
Domestic electricity annual cost for WhC [€]
WhC budget in gas bill [Mln €]
WhC budget in electricity bill [Mln €]
White certificates family bill expense
• The total cost of white certificates scheme is covered by the electricity and gas bills (UC7 and RE)
• The annual fee that a typical Italian household (2700 kWh, 1400 m3) pays for the white certificate scheme amounts to 20€ per year

18. 18
White certificate environmental impacts: Energy & GHG savings
2,7
1,7 1,9
9,5
5,5
6,6
2014 2015 2016
Energy Saving [MTOE/y]
Emission saving [MtCO2/y]
106
115
191
30
36
56
2014 2015 2016
TOE cost [€/TOE]
CO2 cost [€/tCO2]
Energy & GHG savings related to WhCs Cost evolution of energy & GHG savings
• The energy efficiency interventions supported by White certificates enable the yearly reduction of around 2MTOE and 7 MtCO2
• Primary energy and GHG saved represents the lowest cost/saving ratio among the energy efficiency scheme currently active in Italy, although in
recent years it is increasing

19. 19
White Certificates investment and occupation
Direct
occupation
Indirect
occupation
Added Value
FTE/M€ FTE/M€ M€/M€
6,2 5,6 0,67
Energy efficiency added value & jobs KPI
adopted for the estimation
Volume estimated for investments, added value and jobs
related to interventions supported by WhCs
• The amount of annual investments related to the new energy efficiency interventions supported by white certificates is estimated to be around 1 bn/y
with more than 10.000 (FTE) of related direct and indirect green jobs
989 664
6.130
11.666
Investiments (M€) Added Value (M€) Direct Jobs (FTE) Direct&Indirect Jobs
(FTE)

20. contacts
Thank you for your attention
daniel.giannetti@gse.it
studi@gse.it