The document discusses Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. Fast Ethernet upgrades standard Ethernet to support data rates up to 100 Mbps while keeping the same frame format and addresses. Gigabit Ethernet upgrades the data rate to 1 Gbps. Both support auto-negotiation and can use topologies like star, point-to-point, or hierarchy of stars. They can be implemented using cables like fiber optic or twisted pair cables.

1. FAST
&
GIGABIT ETHERNET
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2. Fast Ethernet: Goals
 Upgrade the data rate up to 100 Mbps
 Make it compatible with Standard
Ethernet
 Keep the same 48-bit address
 Keep the same frame format
 Keep the same minimum and maximum
frame lengths
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3. New features
 Auto-negotiation:
 It allows a station or a hub a range of capabilities.
 Allows two devices to negotiate the mode or data
rate of operation
 Allows incompatible devices to connect to one
another
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4. Topology used
 Fast Ethernet is designed to connect two
or more stations together either in a
point-to-point or star topology (with a hub
or switch in center)
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5. Implementations
 It can be categorized as either two-wire
or four-wire
 Two-wire: cat 5 UTP (100Base-TX) or
fiber-optic cable (100Base-FX)
 Four-wire: cat 3 UTP (100Base-T4)
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6. Gigabit Ethernet: Goals
 Upgrades the data rate to 1 Gbps
 Make it compatible with Standard or Fast
Ethernet
 Use the same 48-bit address
 Keep the same frame format
 Keep the same minimum and maximum
frame lengths
 To support auto-negotiation
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7. Modes
 Implements half-duplex and full-duplex
 Full-duplex:
 A central switch connected to all computers
 Each switch has buffers for each input port
 No collision i.e. CSMA/CD is not used
 Maximum length of cable is determined by signal
attenuation and not by collision detection process
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8. Modes (continued)
 Half-duplex:
 Rarely used, uses a hub instead of switch
 Uses CSMA/CD
 Frame Bursting Method is defined to
determine maximum length of network
 Multiple frames are sent.
 Padding is added in between these frames to look
like one frame, so that the channel is not idle.
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9. Topology used
 Point-to-point
 Star
 Two star
 Hierarchy of stars
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10. Implementations
 Two-wire:
 Fiber-optic cable (1000Base-SX, short-wave or
1000Base-LX, long-wave) or STP (1000Base-CX)
 Four-wire:
 5 twisted-pair cable (100Base-T)
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11. Things to do
 Encoding schemes of Fast & Gigabit Ethernet
 Switched Vs Fast Vs Gigabit Ethernet
 What is Ten-Gigabit Ethernet?
 Wireless Ethernet & its frame format
 Learn Broadband & Bluetooth architectures
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