FAST ETHERNET
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Fast Ethernet is a standard that increases the data rate of standard Ethernet from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps while maintaining compatibility through the use of auto-negotiation to allow devices to choose their mode and topology such as point-to-point or star connected through a hub or switch in the center to connect two or more stations.
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Ethernet is a family of networking technologies commonly used in LANs, MANs and WANs. It was first standardized in 1983 at 10 Mbps and has since been updated to support higher speeds up to 10 Gbps. Fast Ethernet runs at 100 Mbps using the same frame format as standard Ethernet. Gigabit Ethernet runs at 1 Gbps while maintaining compatibility. Ten-Gigabit Ethernet operates at 10 Gbps while keeping the same frame format as prior standards.
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Ethernet Computer network
Ethernet is a family of networking technologies commonly used in LANs, MANs and WANs. It was first standardized in 1983 at 10 Mbps and has since been updated to support higher speeds up to 10 Gbps. Fast Ethernet runs at 100 Mbps using the same frame format as standard Ethernet. Gigabit Ethernet runs at 1 Gbps while maintaining compatibility. Ten-Gigabit Ethernet operates at 10 Gbps while keeping the same frame format as prior standards.
Ethernet
Ethernet is the traditional technology for connecting wired local area networks (LANs).
this slide describes ethernet its types and other aspects as well as its features
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Ethernet was first created by Robert Metcalfe and standardized by IEEE as 802.3. Fast Ethernet (802.3u) transmitted data 10 times faster than standard Ethernet at 100 Mbps while still being backward compatible. Gigabit Ethernet (802.3z) further increased speed to 1000 Mbps and supported full duplex between computers and switches or half duplex between computers and hubs using CSMA/CD. Switched Ethernet uses switches containing plug-in cards to reduce collisions by separating collision domains and allowing parallel transmission between cards.
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2) Features of PPP framing including negotiated field sizes and use of LCP control messages.
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Computer networks lan
Local Area Networks: LAN protocol architecture (IEEE - 802 reference model),
Topologies - Bus, tree, ring and star. Logic link control. Medium access control:-Random
access- Aloha, CSMA, CSMA/CD, Exponential Back off algorithm ,CSMA/CA,
controlled access-Reservation, Polling, Token Passing.
LAN systems: Traditional Ethernet:-MAC sub layer access method(CSMA/CD) ,IEEE
802.3 MAC frame, Addressing physical layer, Physical Layer, Physical Layer,
Implementation, Bridged Ethernet, Switched Ethernet, Full-Duplex Ethernet.
FAST ETHERNET:- Mac Sublayer, Physical Layer, Physical Layer Implementation,
GIGABIT ETHERNET:- MAC Sublayer, Physical Layer, Physical Layer
Implementation.
LAN Connecting Devices-Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges:- filtering, Transparent Bridges,
Spaning Tree Algorithm.Two-Layer Switch.
Backbone Networks- Bus Backbone, Star Backbone, Connecting Remote LANs.
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Ethernet is a family of networking technologies used for local area networks (LANs). It was introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985, providing data link layer services divided into logical link control and media access control sublayers. Ethernet has evolved to support higher data rates up to 10 Gbps while maintaining compatibility through consistent frame formats and addressing. Fiber optic and twisted pair cable implementations allow Ethernet to scale from campus to wide area networks.
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Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet provide higher speeds over Ethernet networks. Fast Ethernet operates at 100 Mbps using various physical layer encoding schemes like 100BASE-T4 over twisted pair cables. Gigabit Ethernet provides 1 Gbps speeds using different cabling options like fiber optics or twisted pair. It utilizes 8B/10B encoding and builds upon Fast Ethernet and Ethernet standards to achieve higher throughput while maintaining compatibility. Gigabit Ethernet was developed to meet increasing bandwidth demands and leverage existing Ethernet infrastructure.
Guided Transmission Media
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Ethernet protocol
The document discusses various Ethernet protocols and standards including:
- IEEE 802.3u and 802.3z which define Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet transmission rates.
- IEEE 802.1D, 802.1s, and 802.1w which relate to Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and its variants for avoiding loops.
- IEEE 802.1Q for VLAN tagging to logically separate traffic on a physical LAN infrastructure.
- IEEE 802.3ad for Link Aggregation to combine multiple network links into a single logical trunk to increase bandwidth and redundancy.
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Lan technologies
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Ethernet networking
Ethernet uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect) to allow devices on a network to share bandwidth without collisions. CSMA/CD works by having devices check if the network medium is clear before transmitting. If it's clear, the device can transmit; if not, it must wait. Full-duplex Ethernet uses two wire pairs to allow simultaneous transmission and reception, preventing collisions. At the data link layer, Ethernet is responsible for framing packets and using MAC addresses for addressing. MAC addresses are unique 48-bit identifiers burned into network adapters.
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This document contains a collection of networking icon graphics in various styles that can be used and customized in PowerPoint presentations. The icons are fully editable and can be modified by ungrouping them, selecting individual elements, and changing properties like color, size and orientation. Instructions are provided on how to edit the color of icons by ungrouping, selecting the object, and using the format shape dialog box to apply new solid or gradient fill colors.
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Media Access Control
S.VIJAYALAKSHMI M.SC(CS) discusses Media Access Control and multiple access protocols. The main task of MAC protocols is to minimize collisions and utilize bandwidth by determining when nodes can access the shared channel, what to do when the channel is busy, and how to handle collisions. Early protocols like Aloha and slotted Aloha were inefficient at high loads due to many collisions. CSMA protocols reduce collisions by having nodes listen first before transmitting, but collisions are still possible due to propagation delays.
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Computer networks lan
Local Area Networks: LAN protocol architecture (IEEE - 802 reference model),
Topologies - Bus, tree, ring and star. Logic link control. Medium access control:-Random
access- Aloha, CSMA, CSMA/CD, Exponential Back off algorithm ,CSMA/CA,
controlled access-Reservation, Polling, Token Passing.
LAN systems: Traditional Ethernet:-MAC sub layer access method(CSMA/CD) ,IEEE
802.3 MAC frame, Addressing physical layer, Physical Layer, Physical Layer,
Implementation, Bridged Ethernet, Switched Ethernet, Full-Duplex Ethernet.
FAST ETHERNET:- Mac Sublayer, Physical Layer, Physical Layer Implementation,
GIGABIT ETHERNET:- MAC Sublayer, Physical Layer, Physical Layer
Implementation.
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Ethernet is the most widely used local area network technology. It was originally developed by Xerox and later standardized. Ethernet networks can operate at speeds of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, or 10 Gbps using different cabling standards. Faster standards were developed to meet increasing needs for higher transmission speeds and applications like multimedia. Token Ring is another common LAN protocol that uses a token-passing scheme to prevent collisions. It provides data transfer rates of 4 or 16 Mbps. Fiber Channel is a standard for very high speed data transfers of up to 1 Gbps primarily used to connect storage devices.
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Packet switching and circuit switching are two different technologies for sending messages over networks. Packet switching breaks messages into packets that can take different routes to the destination, while circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection for the duration of the call. Each approach has advantages - packet switching uses bandwidth efficiently but can experience delays, while circuit switching guarantees quality but is inefficient. Modern networks are shifting more towards packet switching as it allows for easier scaling.
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The document discusses spread spectrum techniques used to prevent eavesdropping and jamming by adding redundancy. It describes two types of spread spectrum: Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) which spreads signals across the frequency domain, and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) which spreads signals across the time domain. The document then compares FHSS and DSSS in terms of performance, issues, acceptance and applications.
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Ethernet
Ethernet is a family of networking technologies used for local area networks (LANs). It was introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985, providing data link layer services divided into logical link control and media access control sublayers. Ethernet has evolved to support higher data rates up to 10 Gbps while maintaining compatibility through consistent frame formats and addressing. Fiber optic and twisted pair cable implementations allow Ethernet to scale from campus to wide area networks.
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This document discusses the Internet Protocol (IP) version 4 and 6. It describes the key tasks of IP including addressing computers and fragmenting packets. IP version 4 uses 32-bit addresses while IP version 6 uses 128-bit addresses and has improvements like larger address space and better security. The document also covers IP address classes, private addressing, subnetting, Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), and address blocks.
Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet supports data rates up to 1000 Mbps. It uses the same CSMA/CD protocol as previous Ethernet standards but with some modifications like carrier extension to support higher speeds. The GMII interface connects the MAC layer to different physical media layers and supports auto-negotiation to select operating modes. Gigabit Ethernet provides higher bandwidth and performance compared to previous standards while maintaining compatibility. However, it is not widely used yet and works best for data network traffic.
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An Ethernet frame contains 6 segments: the preamble, destination and source addresses, type/length field, data/payload, and frame check sequence. It can carry higher-level network protocols like IP packets. The frame always refers to the physical transmission medium, while a packet can be transmitted over different mediums. Jumbo frames are larger than the standard 1500 byte frame size and introduce VLAN tagging to identify specific VLANs and prioritize traffic between interconnected devices.
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Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet provide higher speeds over Ethernet networks. Fast Ethernet operates at 100 Mbps using various physical layer encoding schemes like 100BASE-T4 over twisted pair cables. Gigabit Ethernet provides 1 Gbps speeds using different cabling options like fiber optics or twisted pair. It utilizes 8B/10B encoding and builds upon Fast Ethernet and Ethernet standards to achieve higher throughput while maintaining compatibility. Gigabit Ethernet was developed to meet increasing bandwidth demands and leverage existing Ethernet infrastructure.
Guided Transmission Media
Guided (wired) transmission media refers to methods of transmitting data signals along a guided path like cabling systems. The main types of guided media are twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. Twisted pair cable uses two insulated copper wires arranged in a spiral to transmit analog and digital signals over short distances. Coaxial cable consists of a copper conductor surrounded by insulation and shielding layers to support transmission over longer distances and more connections than twisted pair. Optical fiber uses glass core and cladding layers to transmit data using light signals over even longer distances with high bandwidth.
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The document discusses various Ethernet protocols and standards including:
- IEEE 802.3u and 802.3z which define Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet transmission rates.
- IEEE 802.1D, 802.1s, and 802.1w which relate to Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and its variants for avoiding loops.
- IEEE 802.1Q for VLAN tagging to logically separate traffic on a physical LAN infrastructure.
- IEEE 802.3ad for Link Aggregation to combine multiple network links into a single logical trunk to increase bandwidth and redundancy.
Network layer - design Issues
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Unguided media, also known as wireless media, transmit data through space without the use of wires or cables. This includes transmission via radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves. Radio waves are used for WiFi, mobile phones, remote controls, television broadcasts, and more. Modulation involves varying properties of a signal, and can be analog, transferring signals like audio, or digital, transferring bit streams. Infrared waves are used for short-range communication like night vision cameras, remote controls, and file sharing between devices that require a direct line of sight.
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Lan technologies
The document discusses Ethernet networking technologies. It describes how Ethernet was developed in the 1970s and standardized. It outlines the evolution of Ethernet speeds from 2Mbps to 1Gbps. It discusses the physical layer standards for 10BaseT, 100BaseT, 1000BaseT, and 10GBase networking. It also provides an overview of Token Ring and FDDI technologies, including their operation, standards, and key features.
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Transmission media are located below the physical layer and are used to transmit signals representing data. There are two main types of transmission media: guided media (wired), which provide a conduit for transmission, and unguided media (wireless), which transmit via electromagnetic waves without a physical pathway. Common guided media include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. Unguided media include radio waves, microwaves, and infrared. Each type of transmission media has different characteristics that determine its suitable uses.
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- Common LAN technologies discussed include Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, and ATM LAN. Ethernet standards including Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet are explained in detail, covering their goals, frame formats, addressing, and implementations of half-duplex and full-duplex modes.
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This document discusses advanced Ethernet technologies. It introduces Ethernet standards including 10Base-T, 10Base-FL, 100Base Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10-Gigabit Ethernet. It describes their specifications, topologies, cabling, components, and advantages over previous Ethernet standards to support higher speeds and longer transmission distances. The document also covers switched Ethernet and full-duplex Ethernet technologies.
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This document provides an overview of important networking concepts. It discusses data communication components and various transmission mediums including Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, LocalTalk, Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, and wireless technologies. It also describes common network hardware such as hubs, switches, bridges, repeaters, routers, and NICs. Finally, it covers common network media including twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic, and wireless and discusses specifications for Ethernet and optical fiber.
ETHERNET IEEE802.pptx
Ethernet is a wired LAN technology that defines how computers connect using physical and data link layers. It has evolved through four generations with increasing speeds. The IEEE 802.3 standard specifies Ethernet frames with fields like preamble, destination/source addresses, length, CRC and a minimum of 64 bytes and maximum of 1518 bytes. Each device has a unique 6-byte hardware address that can be unicast, multicast, or broadcast. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD access method where devices listen first before transmitting and can detect collisions to resend data. Standard Ethernet defines categories like 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T and implementations have different encodings. Gigabit Ethernet operates in full duplex without collisions and has
Network architecture
The document discusses various network architectures including Token Ring, Ethernet, FDDI, AppleTalk, ARCNET, and MAN systems. Token Ring uses a logical ring topology and token passing for data transfer. It has advantages like no data collisions but disadvantages if links are malfunctioning. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD and can use any physical topology. FDDI provides high performance over fiber optic cables in a token ring architecture. AppleTalk was an early client-server system for Macintosh. ARCNET uses token passing over coaxial cable and supports up to 255 nodes. MAN connects different LANs over large distances.
Lan basic
IEEE 802 standards define networking protocols including Ethernet. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD to manage network access and avoid collisions. Common Ethernet cabling types include 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T, and 10Base-F, which use different media like coaxial cable, twisted pair, or fiber and have varying maximum distances. Devices connect to a hub or bridge to extend a local area network.
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What Is Ethernet?
Ethernet is a networking technology that includes the protocol, port, cable, and computer chip needed to plug a desktop or laptop into a local area network (LAN) for speedy data transmission via coaxial or fiber optic cables.
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In 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a project, called Project 802, to set standards and to enable inter communication among equipment from a variety of manufacturers.
Project 802 is a way of specifying functions of the physical layer and the data link layer of major LAN protocols.
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Contents:
What is a computer network?
Types of computer networks
Personal Area Network
Local Area Network
Metropolitan Area Network
Wide Area Network
Networking Topologies
Physical Topologies
Physical Point to Point
Physical Bus Topology
Physical Ring Topology
Physical Star Topology
Physical Mesh Topology
Physical Tree Topology
Physical Hybrid topology
Logical Topologies
Ethernet
Local Talk
Token Ring
FDDI
ATM
Transmission Media
Networking Cables
Coaxial Cables
Twisted Pair Cables
Fiber Optic Cables
Network Devices
NIC-Network interface card
Hub
Network Switch
Router
Bridge
IP Address
Activities
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This document provides information about Ethernet, switches, and their components. It discusses the Ethernet frame structure including the preamble, start of frame delimiter, destination and source addresses, length, data, and CRC fields. It also describes Ethernet cabling including twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables. The CSMA/CD protocol for Ethernet is explained. Finally, the document discusses different devices for interconnecting nodes on a network including hubs, switches, and routers as well as advantages and disadvantages of switches.
Network protocol
This document discusses network protocols. It defines a network as a group of connected devices that can exchange data, with each device having a unique address. Network protocols establish rules for network access methods, topologies, cabling, and data transfer speeds. The most common protocols described are Ethernet, LocalTalk, Token Ring, FDDI, and ATM, which use different access methods, cable types, speeds, and topologies to transmit data. Ethernet is the most widely used using CSMA/CD to transmit data at speeds up to 1000 Mbps over various cable types.
Ethernet fast & gigabit
The document discusses Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. Fast Ethernet upgrades standard Ethernet to support data rates up to 100 Mbps while keeping the same frame format and addresses. Gigabit Ethernet upgrades the data rate to 1 Gbps. Both support auto-negotiation and can use topologies like star, point-to-point, or hierarchy of stars. They can be implemented using cables like fiber optic or twisted pair cables.
Ethernet lan
This document defines and describes various network topologies including star, bus, ring, mesh and wireless. It provides details on the characteristics of common networking standards like Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI. Key aspects covered include the cable type, maximum length, speed, topology and MAC method of each standard.
CISSP - Chapter 4 - Network Topology
Network topologies describe the layout of connections between devices in a network. The main types are ring, star, bus, mesh, tree, and hybrid. Ring topology uses a closed loop connection where data passes through each node sequentially. Bus topology connects all devices to a single cable. Star topology connects all devices to a central node. Mesh topology connects each device to every other device. Tree topology branches out from a root node.
Cn blue tooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard used for exchanging data over short distances between devices like mobile phones, laptops, headphones, and other electronic devices. It uses short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz. Bluetooth architecture defines two network types: piconets, which can have up to 8 connected devices, and scatternets, which allow connection between multiple piconets. Bluetooth uses a layered protocol stack including physical, baseband, and logical link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP) layers.
Fast_Ethernet.ppt
Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet are standards that provide higher network connection speeds than traditional Ethernet. Fast Ethernet provides speeds of 100 Mbps using several transmission methods over twisted pair cable or fiber optic cable. Gigabit Ethernet provides speeds of 1000 Mbps using fiber optic or twisted pair cable with various encoding and signaling schemes. It was developed to provide higher speeds while maintaining compatibility with existing Ethernet standards.
AWMN Advances Wireless UNIT-1 Blue_Tooth.pptx
This document discusses Bluetooth technology and its use of the IEEE 802.15.1 standard for personal area networks (PANs). It describes the Bluetooth protocol stack including the physical, transport, baseband, and middleware layers. The physical layer uses 79 channels each 1 MHz wide in the 2.4 GHz spectrum. Devices are divided into classes based on output power. The baseband layer establishes piconets between one master and up to seven slaves and supports various power saving modes. The middleware layer provides services like L2CAP, RFCOMM, and OBEX. Bluetooth security relies on pairing devices and generating a shared encryption key, though 4-digit PINs are weak. Applications include use in mobile phones and support in the
Ethernet 19 20
Ethernet is a widely used local area network technology. It uses a bus topology with shared medium and uses CSMA/CD protocol for medium access. Ethernet frames have a minimum size of 64 bytes to allow for collision detection. Standard Ethernet implementations include 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T and 10Base-F depending on the medium used. Bridges were introduced to increase bandwidth by dividing the network into collision domains while switches further improved performance by making the network full duplex.
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Underlying Technologies Part I (Lecture #4 ET3003 Sem1 2014/2015)
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FAST ETHERNET
- 2. • Fast Ethernet is an extension of the Standard Ethernet. • IEEE named fast ethernet as 802.3u. • It is a LAN transmission standard that provides a data rate of 100 mega bits per sec . That is 10 times faster rate than standard ethernet.
- 3. • Upgrade the data rate up to 100 Mbps. • Make it compatible with Standard Ethernet. • Keep the same 48-bit address. • Keep the same frame format. • Keep the same minimum 64 bytes and maximum 1518 bytes as frame lengths.
- 4. AUTO-NEGOTIATIONS: •It allows a station to check a hubs capabilities. •To allow one device to have multiple capabilities. •Allow two devices to negotiate the mode or data rate of operation. •Allows incompatible devices to connect to one another.
- 5. • Fast Ethernet adapter can be logically divided into a MAC sub-layer and Physical layer. • It runs on UTP data or optical fiber cable.
- 6. TOPOLOGY: It is designed to connect two or more stations together. • point-to-point • star topology ( with a hub or switch in center )
- 7. For star topology , there are 2 choices: 1.Half Duplex: The station can either send or receive at a time. The station are connected via Hub & uses CSMA/CD 2.Full Duplex: The connection is made via a switch with buffer at each port. No collision ; CSMA /CD is not used.
- 8. THANK YOU