Tadalafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor used to treat erectile dysfunction. It has a longer duration of action than other PDE5 inhibitors like sildenafil and vardenafil, remaining effective for 36 hours after dosing. Studies show tadalafil significantly improves erectile function in men with diabetes and may provide additional benefits like improved beta-cell function and metabolic syndrome. Tadalafil is also being investigated for treating conditions like pulmonary arterial hypertension.