Enzyme kinetics involves studying the chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes. There are two common kinetic processes: the Michaelis-Menten plot and Lineweaver-Burk plot. The Michaelis-Menten plot models the reaction between an enzyme, substrate, and product using an equation. It relates reaction rate to substrate concentration and determines values like Vmax and Km. The Lineweaver-Burk plot is a double reciprocal plot that modifies the Michaelis-Menten equation to allow determining Vmax and Km from the slope and y-intercept. Enzyme activity is affected by factors like concentration, temperature, pH, and activators. Mechanisms of enzyme action include the lock-and
This presentation is about the kinetics of enzyme action , the Michaelis- Menten Model and kinetics of allosteric enzyme action in a simplified language.
This ppt describes the overview of enzyme regulation and Allosterism. Presented since October 23,2017GC at Addis Ababa University, School of Medicine, Department of medical biochemistry.
This presentation is about the kinetics of enzyme action , the Michaelis- Menten Model and kinetics of allosteric enzyme action in a simplified language.
This ppt describes the overview of enzyme regulation and Allosterism. Presented since October 23,2017GC at Addis Ababa University, School of Medicine, Department of medical biochemistry.
Active sites of the enzyme is that point where substrate molecule bind for the chemical reaction. It is generally found on the surface of enzyme and in some enzyme it is a “Pit” like structure
The active site is a three-dimensional cleft formed by groups that come from different parts of the amino acid sequence
The active site takes up a relatively small part of the total volume of an enzyme
Active sites are clefts or crevices
Substrates are bound to enzymes by multiple weak attractions.
The specificity of binding depends on the precisely defined arrangement of atoms in an active site.
Introduction
Definition
Historical aspects
Nomenclature of enzymes on the basis of
1. Substrate acted
2. Reaction catalyzed
3. substrate act upon and type of reaction catalyzed
Classification of enzymes
Oxidoreductase
Transferase
Hydrolase
Lyase
Isomerase
Ligase
Property of enzyme
Structure of enzyme
Mechanism of enzyme action
Lock and key model
Induced fit model
factors affecting enzyme activity
Control of enzyme action
Conclusion
Reference
This presentation deals with basics of enzyme kinetics and introduction to various plots which aid in understanding the mechanism of inhibition of enzymes.
Enzyme inhibition is explained with its kinetics, animations showing mechanism of inhibitors action, examples of inhibitors are explained in detail with Enzyme inhibited.
by Dr. N. Sivaranjani, MD
Enzymes properties, nomenclature and classificationJasmineJuliet
Enzymes - Definition, Introduction about biocatalysts, Properties of enzymes, Specificity, capacity for regulation, Example for enzyme at specific pH, Nomenclature of enzymes, Systematic name, common name, enzyme commission number, Classification of enzymes: Oxidoreductase, Transferase, lyases, ligases, isomerases, hydrolases.
Extraction, Purification and Production of Enzymes (Biotechnology) Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Extraction, Purification and Production of Enzymes (Biotechnology) (Polystyrenes, Polypeptides, Polysaccharides, Proteins, Carbon, Propylene Oxide, Vinyl Chloride, Biosensors, Amino Acids, Antibiotics, Acrylamide, Organic Acids, Maltose Syrups, Hollow Fibres, Hollow Fibres, Enzyme Immunoassay (ELA), Enzyme Electrodes, Biocatalysts)
Industrial biotechnology is the practice of using cells to generate industrially useful products. An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes, or speeds up, a chemical reaction. Enzymes are the focal point of biotechnological processes, without them biotechnology as a subject would not exist. The main advantage of enzymes compared to most other catalysts is their stereo, region and chemo selectivity and specificity. Enzymes are responsible for many essential biochemical reactions in microorganisms, plants, animals, and human beings.
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Tags
Enzymes in Biotechnology, Enzymes in Industrial Biotechnology, Enzymes and Biotechnology, Enzymes Biotechnology, Enzymes Used in Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Enzymes in Food Industry, Enzymes Used in Industry, Industrial Uses of Enzymes, Industrial Production of Enzymes, Production of Enzymes, Methods of Enzyme Production, Large Scale Production of Enzymes, Enzyme Production Methods, Enzyme Production, Production of Industrial Enzymes, Industrial Production Process of Enzymes, Enzyme Production and Purification, Enzyme Production Industry, Enzymes Manufacturing Plant, Manufacture and Formulators of Enzymes, Formulation of Enzymes, Enzymes Formulation, Purification and Formulation of Enzymes, Ethanol Fermentation, Bioaffinity Procedures, Phase Separation Method, Method and Formulation for Enzymes, Formulas for Enzymes, Formulae of Enzymes, Enzymic Production of Amino Acids, Method for Production of Enzymic of Amino Acids, Fruit Processing, Small Scale Fruit Processing, Enzyme Industry, Enzyme Industry in India, Enzyme Business, Profitable Biotechnology Business Ideas, Biotechnology Industry in India, Fruit Processing Industry, Fruits Processing Methods, Fruit Processing in India, Methods of Processing Fruits, Enzyme Inhibition, Methods of Purification of Enzymes, Enzyme Purification, Purification of Enzymes, Large-Scale Purification of Enzymes, Enzyme Extraction and Purification Process, Enzyme Purification Methods, Enzyme Biotechnology, Guide to Protein Purification, Cheese Production, Cheese Making Process, Cheese Manufacture, Cheese Production Process, Cheese Production Steps, Manufacture of Cheese, Manufacturing, Cheese, Cheese Making, Cheese Manufacturing
Dr.Anant Achary and Dr.S.Karthikumar
Department of Biotechnology
Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology
S.P.G.C.Nagar, Near Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu
INDIA
Active sites of the enzyme is that point where substrate molecule bind for the chemical reaction. It is generally found on the surface of enzyme and in some enzyme it is a “Pit” like structure
The active site is a three-dimensional cleft formed by groups that come from different parts of the amino acid sequence
The active site takes up a relatively small part of the total volume of an enzyme
Active sites are clefts or crevices
Substrates are bound to enzymes by multiple weak attractions.
The specificity of binding depends on the precisely defined arrangement of atoms in an active site.
Introduction
Definition
Historical aspects
Nomenclature of enzymes on the basis of
1. Substrate acted
2. Reaction catalyzed
3. substrate act upon and type of reaction catalyzed
Classification of enzymes
Oxidoreductase
Transferase
Hydrolase
Lyase
Isomerase
Ligase
Property of enzyme
Structure of enzyme
Mechanism of enzyme action
Lock and key model
Induced fit model
factors affecting enzyme activity
Control of enzyme action
Conclusion
Reference
This presentation deals with basics of enzyme kinetics and introduction to various plots which aid in understanding the mechanism of inhibition of enzymes.
Enzyme inhibition is explained with its kinetics, animations showing mechanism of inhibitors action, examples of inhibitors are explained in detail with Enzyme inhibited.
by Dr. N. Sivaranjani, MD
Enzymes properties, nomenclature and classificationJasmineJuliet
Enzymes - Definition, Introduction about biocatalysts, Properties of enzymes, Specificity, capacity for regulation, Example for enzyme at specific pH, Nomenclature of enzymes, Systematic name, common name, enzyme commission number, Classification of enzymes: Oxidoreductase, Transferase, lyases, ligases, isomerases, hydrolases.
Extraction, Purification and Production of Enzymes (Biotechnology) Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Extraction, Purification and Production of Enzymes (Biotechnology) (Polystyrenes, Polypeptides, Polysaccharides, Proteins, Carbon, Propylene Oxide, Vinyl Chloride, Biosensors, Amino Acids, Antibiotics, Acrylamide, Organic Acids, Maltose Syrups, Hollow Fibres, Hollow Fibres, Enzyme Immunoassay (ELA), Enzyme Electrodes, Biocatalysts)
Industrial biotechnology is the practice of using cells to generate industrially useful products. An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes, or speeds up, a chemical reaction. Enzymes are the focal point of biotechnological processes, without them biotechnology as a subject would not exist. The main advantage of enzymes compared to most other catalysts is their stereo, region and chemo selectivity and specificity. Enzymes are responsible for many essential biochemical reactions in microorganisms, plants, animals, and human beings.
See more
https://goo.gl/LBmTLd
https://goo.gl/hMGIqd
https://goo.gl/KjIzGj
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Enzymes in Biotechnology, Enzymes in Industrial Biotechnology, Enzymes and Biotechnology, Enzymes Biotechnology, Enzymes Used in Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Enzymes in Food Industry, Enzymes Used in Industry, Industrial Uses of Enzymes, Industrial Production of Enzymes, Production of Enzymes, Methods of Enzyme Production, Large Scale Production of Enzymes, Enzyme Production Methods, Enzyme Production, Production of Industrial Enzymes, Industrial Production Process of Enzymes, Enzyme Production and Purification, Enzyme Production Industry, Enzymes Manufacturing Plant, Manufacture and Formulators of Enzymes, Formulation of Enzymes, Enzymes Formulation, Purification and Formulation of Enzymes, Ethanol Fermentation, Bioaffinity Procedures, Phase Separation Method, Method and Formulation for Enzymes, Formulas for Enzymes, Formulae of Enzymes, Enzymic Production of Amino Acids, Method for Production of Enzymic of Amino Acids, Fruit Processing, Small Scale Fruit Processing, Enzyme Industry, Enzyme Industry in India, Enzyme Business, Profitable Biotechnology Business Ideas, Biotechnology Industry in India, Fruit Processing Industry, Fruits Processing Methods, Fruit Processing in India, Methods of Processing Fruits, Enzyme Inhibition, Methods of Purification of Enzymes, Enzyme Purification, Purification of Enzymes, Large-Scale Purification of Enzymes, Enzyme Extraction and Purification Process, Enzyme Purification Methods, Enzyme Biotechnology, Guide to Protein Purification, Cheese Production, Cheese Making Process, Cheese Manufacture, Cheese Production Process, Cheese Production Steps, Manufacture of Cheese, Manufacturing, Cheese, Cheese Making, Cheese Manufacturing
Dr.Anant Achary and Dr.S.Karthikumar
Department of Biotechnology
Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology
S.P.G.C.Nagar, Near Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu
INDIA
Here you can find out the information about a very important topic of Biochemistry i.e. Enzyme Kinetics.
I have elaborated how enzymes kinetics works . The most important equation Michaelis-menten equation, and Burk plot.
#enzymes #biochemistry
History
Introduction
General Principles
Enzyme Assays
Single Substrate Reactions
Substrate Complex
The Velocity equation can be derived from following method
Lineweaver-Burk Plot
Derivation
Enzyme Kinetics as an Approach to Understanding Mechanism
References
A complete introduction to all things chemical kinetics designed specifically for non-chemists to understand. Fair warning: The presentation is very rigorous in its mathematical treatment, which is makes it a useful reference for looking up equations, but this can unfortunately make it less polished and flowing then a typical presentation. I tried my best to spell everything out clearly, but despite my best efforts it's still pretty dense.
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2. Enzyme kinetics
• Enzyme kinetics is the study of the chemical reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes.
• In enzyme kinetics, the reaction rate is measured and the effects of varying the conditions of the
reaction are investigated.
• The two common kinetic processes are Michaelis plot and Line weaver Burke plot.
3. Michaelis- Menten plot:
1. In biochemistry, Michaelis–Menten kinetics is one of the best-known models of enzyme kinetics. It
is named after German biochemist Leonor Michaelis and Canadian physician Maud Menten.
2. In 1913, they proposed a mathematical model of the reaction. It involves an enzyme, E, binding to
a substrate, S, to form a complex, ES, which in turn releases a product, P, regenerating the original
enzyme.
This may be represented schematically as
4. 3. The model takes the form of an equation describing the rate of enzymatic reactions, by relating
reaction rate (rate of formation of product, [P] ) to the concentration of a substrate [S]. Its formula
is given by
4.
5. This equation is called the Michaelis–Menten equation. Where
a) =d[P]/dt = rate of formation of product
b) [P] = Molar concentration of product formed
c) [S]= Molar concentration of substrate (reactant) used.
d) Kcat = catalytic rate constant
e) Vmax = maximum rate achieved by the system at high substrate concentration
f) Km = Michaelis constant which is numerically equal to the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate
is half of Vmax.
g) [Eo] = initial concentration of enzyme
5. 6. On the bases of above equation Michaelis Menten graph has been plotted between Substrate concentration
[S] and initial reaction velocity (Vo)
6. • The three mean observation of Michaels Menten plot are as shown below
a) Substrate concentration [S] is less then reaction rate (V) is directory propositional to substrate concentration
[S]. It is an example of first order reaction.
b) when [S]>>> Km then V does note depend on [S]. It is an example of zero order kinetics.
c) when [S]= Km then Initial velocity (Vo) of reaction become half of max velocity (Vmax)
7. Significance
a) The equation explains the velocity of enzyme reaction.
b) Vmax provides the theoretical information about possible maximum rate of reaction and can use as
an indicator to detect catalytic efficiency.
c) Km (Dissociation constant for [ES]) explain binding effect (relative stability); greater the Km
value, lesser the binding of substrate to the enzyme.
d) If Vmax/Km has high value than A strong affinity between the enzyme and substrate has been
possible.
8. Lineweaver-Burk Plot
1. It is also known as double reciprocal plot.
2. It is the graphical representation of Lineweaver-Burk of enzyme kinetics.
3. In M and M equation, When [S] increase , It is not possible to determine Vmax and Km.
4. To solve this problem Lineweaver-Burk, Modify the M & M equation as
[ ]
[ ]
[S]
9. Where
Vo =Vi= Initial rate of velocity
Km = The Michaelis constant
Vmax= maximum rate achieved by the system at high
substrate concentration.
[S]= molar concentration of substrate
Above equation can compare with the straight line
equation and draw Lineweaver-Burk plot between ; x (1/[S]) and y (1/ Vi)
y= ax + b
Where y= 1/ Vo (Vi); a = Km/ Vmax ; x= 1/[S] ; b=1/ Vmax
5. This plot shows the reciprocal of the reaction velocity (1/ Vi) as a function of substrate concentration 1/[S]in
the presence or absence of inhibitors.
6. By this plot , we can calculate Km from intercept – 1/ Km and Slope Km/ Vmax
10. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
Enzyme activity depends on various factors like
a) Enzyme Concentration: The correlation between enzyme concentration and velocity of reaction
is directly
proportional. On increasing enzyme concentration, velocity of the reaction also increase
b) Substrate Concentration: Rate of velocity of enzyme reaction is also directly proportional with
the concentration of substrate at the limited range.
c) Temperature: With increase temperature, velocity of enzyme reaction increase at certain level
(35-40 ℃) and above temperature it decrease.
d) Effect of pH: With increase pH, velocity of enzyme reaction increase at certain level (pH 7.4) and
above pH, it decrease.
e) Effect of activator: Certain ions like Mg+2, Zn+2 etc enhance activity.
11. Mechanism of Enzyme Action
• There are several theories by which mechanism action of an enzyme is explained.
• i) Lock and key theory: In this concept, enzymes and substrates are bind together as a lock and key fashion
12. ii) Induced fit theory:
1. In biology, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical
reaction. The active site consists of amino acid residues that form temporary bonds with the substrate (binding
site) and residues that catalyse a reaction of that substrate (catalytic site).
2. It is base on the active site of an enzyme which binds with suitable substrate and after completing suitable
effect, it breaks again.