Active sites of the enzyme is that point where substrate molecule bind for the chemical reaction. It is generally found on the surface of enzyme and in some enzyme it is a “Pit” like structure
The active site is a three-dimensional cleft formed by groups that come from different parts of the amino acid sequence
The active site takes up a relatively small part of the total volume of an enzyme
Active sites are clefts or crevices
Substrates are bound to enzymes by multiple weak attractions.
The specificity of binding depends on the precisely defined arrangement of atoms in an active site.
An enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without itself being altered in the process. The biological processes that occur within all living organisms are chemical reactions, and most are regulated by enzymes
An enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without itself being altered in the process. The biological processes that occur within all living organisms are chemical reactions, and most are regulated by enzymes
Enzyme inhibition is explained with its kinetics, animations showing mechanism of inhibitors action, examples of inhibitors are explained in detail with Enzyme inhibited.
by Dr. N. Sivaranjani, MD
This ppt describes the overview of enzyme regulation and Allosterism. Presented since October 23,2017GC at Addis Ababa University, School of Medicine, Department of medical biochemistry.
Enzymes properties, nomenclature and classificationJasmineJuliet
Enzymes - Definition, Introduction about biocatalysts, Properties of enzymes, Specificity, capacity for regulation, Example for enzyme at specific pH, Nomenclature of enzymes, Systematic name, common name, enzyme commission number, Classification of enzymes: Oxidoreductase, Transferase, lyases, ligases, isomerases, hydrolases.
Pentose phosphate pathway is also called Hexose monophosphate pathway/ HMP shunt/ Phosphogluconate pathway.
It is an alternative route for the metabolism of glucose.
It is more complex pathway than glycolysis.
It is more anabolic in nature.
It takesplace in cytosol.
The tissues such as liver, adipose tissue, adrenal gland, erythrocytes,testes and lactating mammary gland are highly active in HMP shunt.
It concern with the biosynthesis of NADPH and pentoses.
it is bypass cycle of citric acid cycle.
it give the brief description of glyoxylate cycle.
it is the summary of glyoxylate cycle for m.sc, bsc, science students.
it is very important topic for entrance exam of biology stream.
Enzyme inhibition is explained with its kinetics, animations showing mechanism of inhibitors action, examples of inhibitors are explained in detail with Enzyme inhibited.
by Dr. N. Sivaranjani, MD
This ppt describes the overview of enzyme regulation and Allosterism. Presented since October 23,2017GC at Addis Ababa University, School of Medicine, Department of medical biochemistry.
Enzymes properties, nomenclature and classificationJasmineJuliet
Enzymes - Definition, Introduction about biocatalysts, Properties of enzymes, Specificity, capacity for regulation, Example for enzyme at specific pH, Nomenclature of enzymes, Systematic name, common name, enzyme commission number, Classification of enzymes: Oxidoreductase, Transferase, lyases, ligases, isomerases, hydrolases.
Pentose phosphate pathway is also called Hexose monophosphate pathway/ HMP shunt/ Phosphogluconate pathway.
It is an alternative route for the metabolism of glucose.
It is more complex pathway than glycolysis.
It is more anabolic in nature.
It takesplace in cytosol.
The tissues such as liver, adipose tissue, adrenal gland, erythrocytes,testes and lactating mammary gland are highly active in HMP shunt.
It concern with the biosynthesis of NADPH and pentoses.
it is bypass cycle of citric acid cycle.
it give the brief description of glyoxylate cycle.
it is the summary of glyoxylate cycle for m.sc, bsc, science students.
it is very important topic for entrance exam of biology stream.
02- Enzymes structure and function.pptxHagerAttiya1
02- Enzymes structure and function.pptx02- Enzymes structure and function.pptx02- Enzymes structure and function.pptx02- Enzymes structure and function.pptx02- Enzymes structure and function.pptx
Device or vessel, which is designed to provide an effective environment for the conversion of one material into some product by appropriate biochemical reactions
like-enzymes, microorganisms, cells of animals and plants, subcellular structures such as chloroplasts and mitochondria
For- cell growth, enzyme production, biocatalysis, food production, milk processing, tissue engineering, algae production, protein synthesis, & anaerobic digestion
The process of transcription is the first stage of gene expression resulting in the production of a primary RNA transcript from the DNA of a particular gene.
This step of gene expression which is followed by a number of post-transcriptional processes such as RNA splicing and translation.
These lead ultimately to the production of a functional protein and this process is highly regulated.
Both basal transcription and its regulation are dependent upon specific protein factors known as transcription factors.
These highly specific protein bind to the specific regulatory gene of DNA sequence and control the transcription process and regulate it.
For example- enzyme RNA polymerase catalyzes the chemical reaction that synthesize RNA, using the DNA gene as a template, the transcription factor control when, where, and how efficiency RNA polymerase function.
Play an important role in the normal development and routine of cellular function.
Novel opportunities for computational biology and sociology inavinash tiwari
Current drug discovery is impossible without sophisticated modeling and computation. In this
review we outline previous advances in computational biology and, by tracing the steps involved
in pharmaceutical development, explore a range of novel, high-value opportunities for
computational innovation in modeling the biological process of disease and the social process of
drug discovery. These opportunities include text mining for new drug leads, modeling molecular
pathways and predicting the efficacy of drug cocktails, analyzing genetic overlap between diseases
and predicting alternative drug use. Computation can also be used to model research teams and
innovative regions and to estimate the value of academy–industry links for scientific and human
benefit. Attention to these opportunities could promise punctuated advance and will complement
the well-established computational work on which drug discovery currently relies.
All organisms must duplicate their DNA accurately before every cell division.
producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
SEMI CONSRVATIVE & initiated at unique origins, and usually proceeds bidirectional
Altered expression of the klf4 in colorectal cancersavinash tiwari
it is about the transcription factor family KLF4 and their expression in the colon cancer at different stage.which is help full in diagnosis of such type of cancer
its about the microbial kinetics of growth and substrate utilization.
Growth of a typical microbial culture in batch conditions.
Effect of substrate concentration on microbial growth .
Monad Equation
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Active site of enzyme
1. Active sites of enzyme
BY
AVINASH TIWARI
M. TECH, BIOTECHNOLOGY
2ND YEAR (3RD SEM.)
201710902010002
2. CONTENT
Introduction
Feature of the active site
Structure
Binding site
Models for active site of enzyme
Properties that Affect Binding
Mechanism of catalytic site
3. INTRODUCTION
Active sites of enzyme is
that point where, substrate
molecule bind for the
chemical reaction
It is generally found on the
surface of enzyme and in
some enzyme it is a “Pit”
like structure
Active site
4. Feature of the active site
The active site is a three-dimensional cleft formed by groups
that come from different parts of the amino acid sequence
The active site takes up a relatively small part of the total
volume of an enzyme
Active sites are clefts or crevices
Substrates are bound to enzymes by multiple weak attractions.
The specificity of binding depends on the precisely defined
arrangement of atoms in an active site.
5. STRUCTURE OF ENZYME
Enzyme (protein)
Scaffold-to
support
and
position
active site
Binding
site- bind
and orient
substrate(s)
Catalytic
site-reduce
chemical
activation
energy
6. Binding site
Form the 4 type of bond with substrate
1. Electrostatic bond
2. Hydrogen bond
3. Van Der Waals forces
4. Non- covalent bond
7. Models for active site of enzyme
Lock and key theory Induced fit model
