1. Presented to-
Amit Kumar Das
Assistant Professor
DBA-JNSMS
Presented by-
Barsha Paul (07)
Debajyoti Paul (14)
Devismita Dutta (19)
Joyjit Mazumder (28)
Nibedita Chakraborty (36)

2. •Water resource management is the activity of planning,
developing, distributing and managing the optimum
utilizations of water resources.
•In this era, Water-resources management issues have
become so impressing that the World Economic Forum
named water as one of its top challenges.
•In the development and management of water resources,
dam plays an important role.

4. Water resources are the sources of
water that are potentially useful for
agricultural, industrial, household,
recreational and environmental
activities.
WATER RESOURCE

5. WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
• Activity of planning, developing, distributing and
managing the optimum utilisations of water
resources.
•Water resource management planning has regard
to all the competing demands for water and seeks
to allocate water on an equitable basis to satisfy all
uses and demands.

6. Agriculture is the largest user of the world's
freshwater resources, consuming 70 percent.
WATER'S BIGGEST CONSUMER

7. • Improve data related to water;
• Reform water governance;
• Revitalize agricultural water use;
• Manage urban and industrial demand; and
• Empower the poor and women in water
resource management.

10. A dam is a barrier that impounds water or
underground streams. Dams generally serve the
primary purpose of retaining water, while other
structures such as floodgates or levees (also known as
dikes) are used to manage or prevent water flow into
specific land regions. Hydropower and pumped-
storage hydroelectricity are often used in conjunction
with dams to generate electricity. A dam can also be
used to collect water or for storage of water which can
be evenly distributed between locations.

11. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS CAUSED BY THE
CONSTRUCTION OF DAMS
POSITIVE IMPACTS
NEGATIVE IMPACTS:
IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT.
IMPACTS ON PHYSICALAND CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT.
IMPACTS ON CULTURAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT.

12. • Flood control benefits.
• Land improvement benefits
• Electricity energy benefits
• Transportation benefits
• Drinking water and domestic water benefits
• Irrigation benefits

13.  IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
•Loss of vegetal cover.
•Reduces the faunal species.
•Threat to medicinal plants .
•Deforestation

14. IMPACTS ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
ENVIRONMENT :
•Changes in the microclimate
•Landslides and Soil erosion.
•Variation in water table.
•Siltation and nutrients variation.
•Decrease flow-rate of the river downstream.

15. •Submergence of land
•Solid Waste Problem
•Seismic activity

16. IMPACTS ON CULTURAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT
•Dislocation of people
•Problem of host communities.
•Public agitations.

17. How to mitigate the environmental impacts ?
To mitigate the negative impacts of dams, the first step which should
be taken is choosing the right location for construction of a dam.
One of the best places for building a dam is a narrow part of a deep
river valley; the valley sides can then act as natural walls.
While building a dam, the engineers should examine the following:
•Permeability of the surrounding rock or soil.
•Earthquake faults.
•Landslides and slope stability.
•Water table.
•Peak flood flows.
•Reservoir silting.
•Environmental impacts on river fisheries, forests and wildlife.

18. Controversies on Construction of Dams
•Zangmu Dam
The Zangmu Dam is a gravity dam currently under construction on
the Brahmaputra River 9km (5.6m) northwest of Gyaca in the Tibet
Autonomous Region of China. The purpose of the dam is
hydroelectric power production using run of the river technology. It
is the part of Zangmu Hydropower project and it will support a 510
MW power station. Construction began in 2009 and is expected to be
complete in 2015. It will be the first dam on the
Brahmaputra/yarlung Zangbo River and has caused controversy in
India which lies downstream.

19. •KALABAG DAM
The Kalabag Dam is a proposed hydroelectric Dam on the Indus
River at Kalabag in the Mianwali district of Punjab province in
Pakistan. Intensely debated and deemed a necessity since its
inception, if constructed the Dam would have 3600 Megawatts of
electric generation capacity. In December 2004, then President of
Pakistan General Pervez Musharraf announced that he would build
the Dam to serve the larger interest of Pakistan. However, on 26th
May 2008, the Federal Minister for Water and Power of Pakistan,
Raja Pervez Ashraf, said that “Kalabag Dam would not be
constructed “ and that the Project had been cancelled due to
“opposition from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh and other
stakeholders, the project was no longer feasible. In 2010 after the
worst flood in Pakistani history, the Prime Minister of Pakistan,
Yousuf Raza Gilani, stated flood damaged would minimized is the
Kalabag Dam were built.

20. ANALYSIS

21. TIPAIMUKH DAM
Tipaimukh dam is proposed embankment dam on the river Barak in
Manipur state India, first commission in 1984. The purpose of the dam is
flood control and power generation. It has been subject to repeated
delays as the developed; as there has been controversy between India and
Bangladesh over water rights in addition to the question of
environmental effect of the huge project, as well as the need to relocate
Manipuri people to make way for the vast reservoir. In 2013 the
Government of India and Bangladesh announced further delays, as the
latter nation undertakes additional studies about expected effects and
mitigating measures.

22. Technical Features :
The dam is planned to be 390 m long around 162.8m high, across the
Barak River, which entire Bangladesh below the proposed Dam
location. The dams crest evaluation will be at an altitude of about
180m above mean sea level, with a maximum reservoir level of 178m.
The dam was originally designed for flood control, to contain water
n he lower Barak valley. Hydropower generation was later
incorporated into the project. The project will have in installation
capacity of 1500MW supplied by 6250MW Francis turbine
generators.

23. Controversies :
Bangladeshi experts have said the massive dam will disrupt the
seasonal rhythm of the river and have an adverse effect on
downstream agriculture and fisheries. The Government of
Bangladesh has decided to send an expert team to the dam area
to examine the features and likely impact of the dam on the
flow of water into the Surma and kushiara.
Another is the environmental factor. The Tipaimukh area lies
in an ecologically sensitive and topographically fragile region.
It is within one of the most seismically volatile region on the
planet.
In 2013 the two governments announced up to a 2years delay to
allow Bangladesh to complete additional environmental studies.

24. •A dam is the cornerstone in the development and
management of water resources.
•The multipurpose dam is a very important
project for developing countries, because the
population receives domestic and economic
benefits and sustainable development from a
single investment.
Role of Dam

25. Role Of Dam in :
a) Irrigation :
• A majority of dams built
in the world are
multipurpose in nature,
but irrigation is the largest
user of the waters
withdrawn.

26. b) Hydroelectric Plants:
• Hydro electric plants capture the kinetic energy
of falling water to make electricity. They do this
with a dam, the dam forces the water level to go
up so that the water will have more power when
falling.
• The forces of the falling water pressing against
the turbine’s blades cause them to spin.

28. c) Water Supply For Domestic and Industrial use :
• Only few percent of fresh water are avail in earth
• Properly planned, designed and constructed and maintained
dams plays a great role to store water contribute
significantly toward fulfilling our water supply requirements
• Dams help to accommodate the variations in the hydrologic
cycle, to store water and then provide more consistent
supplies during shortages

29. d) Flood :
• Dams and reservoirs can be effectively used to
regulate river levels and flooding downstream of the
dam by temporarily storing the flood volume and
releasing it later.
• The most effective method of flood control is
accomplished by an integrated water management
plan for regulating the storage and discharges of
each of the main dams located in a river basin.

30. Dams play a great role in sustainable development
in the economy .
• Employment opportunities have been generated, incidence of
poverty has been reduced, rural population including nomads has
been stabilised locally and migration of rural unemployed
population to urban centres has been reversed.
• Food security to ever growing population, protection from floods
and droughts to chronically vulnerable areas and generation of
the cleanest form of energy, namely hydropower, are some other
benefits of water resources development.
• Efforts are made by dam planners to maximise benefits,
minimise costs and take care of risks by applying appropriate
technology and design features.

31. CASE STUDY ON
SUBANSIRI DAM
Subansiri Dam : It is located 2.3 km upstream of Gerukamukh village in Dhemaji district

32. The Subansiri Lower Dam , officially named Lower Subansiri
Hydroelectric Power Project (LSHEP), is an under construction
gravity dam on the Subansiri River in north-eastern India.
It is located 2.3 km (1.4 mi) upstream of Gerukamukh village in
Dhemaji district and lower Subansiri district on the border of Assam
and Arunachal Pradesh states.
Described as a run-of-the-river project by NHPC Limited, the
Project is expected to supply a 2,000 MW power when completed.
The project has experienced several problems during construction
to include landslides, re-design and opposition. It was expected to be
complete in 2018. It is notable that, if completed as planned, it will
be the largest hydroelectric project in India.
SUBANSIRI DAM

33. CONSTRUCTION :
Construction of Subansiri Lower Project involves
many challenges. These include land not being
available when Width 150 m (492 ft) construction
was scheduled to commence, a limited annual
construction time because of monsoons (from mid-
April to mid-October), the need to handle high
flood flows and poor rock conditions. The design of
the dam has undergone drastic and repeated
revisions that have affected the schedule and
planning of the construction work.

35. Environmental impact
Some environmental impacts unique to very large dams will result from
completion of the Subansiri Project, both upstream and downstream of
the dam site. These impacts will include ecosystem damage and loss of
land.
The reservoir of the Subansiri Project will submerge a 47 km (29 mi)
length of the Subansiri river and destroy 37.5–40 square kilometres
(14.5–15.4 sq mi) which includes Himalayan subtropical pine forests,
Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests, part of the Tale Valley Wildlife
Sanctuary, an elephant corridor and some subsistence agriculture fields.
Thirty eight families will be displaced if the dam is completed, according
to official data

36. Downstream
Water flow downstream will be regulated by the dam
which is expected to result in low releases (6 m / 3sec)
during winter and very high releases (2,560 m / 3sec) when
energy is being generated.
The project has met stiff resistance from several groups
including All Assam Students’ Union and the Krishak
Mukti Sangram Samiti, who are apprehensive about safety
and the project’s downstream impact

37. OPINION
Water Resource Management has become a just and must practice
all around the world. Because without proper utilization of water
resources, serious damage will happen this will cost life of huge no of
plants, animals and human beings.
Still today thousands of villages are there which are not getting a
drop of water in their living place they have to go miles away to get a
bucket of water even. But there are also infinite persons who waste
gallons of water daily. It is the time to think about it today itself and
try to be aware and make aware others about the management of
water resources in an effective and efficient manner.

38. OPINION
Dams are boon or bane? It is still a question being raised
everywhere. Well the fact is that how we use it depends on us.
Recently we saw what happened in the state of Uttarakhand and also
this year in Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh and Assam.
We should make dams but only after proper geological study of the
place where it is being built. Dams can help us to prosper as well as
can make us suffer too. Because dams has many pros and cons so we
should make a dam at a place where it is justified to be made.