The Sardar Sarovar Project on the Narmada River has faced over 56 years of controversy regarding its construction and impacts. The project began in 1946 and aims to provide hydroelectric power, irrigation, and drinking water. However, its construction has faced disputes around resettlement of project-affected families and environmental impacts. Over 127,000 people were displaced, and project costs ballooned. While it provides benefits, the project's impacts require careful management and mitigation efforts.

1. 1
Sardar Sarovar Project
56 years of Controversary
Construction and Built Environment Sector

2. 222
` Abhilash Pakhmode
Hrishikesh Jadhav
Siddhesh Patil
Tarsem Chauhan
Team
Members
Source: http://www.hydroresearch.se/en/about-us/fantastic-dam-water-flow-scenery-
wallpaper/

3. 3
Background
of the Project
• .
1946
1961
1987
2017
Initiation of Narmada Valley Development Project
(NVDP) to utilise the Narmada River for Irrigation
First Prime minister Hon’ble
Jawaharlal Nehru initiated the
SSP.
Current Prime Minister Hon’ble Narendra
Modi inaugurated the SSP
Initiation of the
construction of the SSP

4. 4
About the Project
Source:
www.google.co.in/maps/place/Sardar+Sarovar+Dam,+Gujarat+393155/@21.8379973,73.729694,14.53z/d
ata=!4m5!3m4!1s0x39601e75f68e3dd3:0x60d783d6475b6669!8m2!3d21.8305054!4d73.7485212
•
•Sardar Sarovar Dam (SSD) is a part of Narmada Valley
Development Project
•SSP will be projecting 1,450 MW of electricity generation
Length of main concrete gravity dam = 1210 m
Length of Reservoir = 214 km
Spillway Capacity = 87,000 cumecs
•Height from the deepest foundation level = 163 m
Catchment area of river above dam site = 88,000 sq. km

5. 5
About the Project
•
30%
36%
34%
37,533 ha
Agricultural
Forest
River & Water Bed
Acquired Land
88.14%
1.7%
10.16%
Catchment Area
Madhya Pradesh
Mahrashtra
Gujarat
97,410
sq.km
57%
27%
16%
Funds Raised for Power generation
Madhya Pradesh
Mahrashtra
Gujarat
97,410
sq.km

6. 6
Purpose
of the Project
Hydroelectricity
• Capacity of the Power Generation is 1,450
MW
• The Project will generate between 856 to
1,007 Million Units per year via cheap and
eco-friendly indigenous hydropower.
Irrigation
• Aim of the Project is to irrigated 18,000 sq.km mostly in
Drought Prone Area
• Capacity of Head Regulator 1,133 cu.m/s having 534 km
in Length which is largest irrigation canal in the world.
• Tribal area in Maharashtra and Drought Prone Area in
Rajasthan will also get irrigation benefits.
• Decrease in the Suicidal rate of Farmers
Sources: - http://misriote.com/sardarsarovarnarmadadam.html
http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/no-water-

7. 7
Purpose
of the Project
Drinking Water
• Supply of 3571 MLD of Drinking Water (2900 MLD for
Domestic Consumption and 671 MLD of Industrial
Consumption) for 8215 villages and 135 Towns.
• Provision of Safe Drinking Water for 30 Million People
Other Benefits
• Fishery Development
• Source of Tourism
• Agroindustry Development
• Conserved Forest
• Recreational FacilitiesSource: - https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/us-govts-opic-commits-12-5-mn-loan-for-clean-
drinking-water-in-india-2536723.html
https://www.tripadvisor.in/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g2009278-d2008993-i53468240-Sardar_Sarovar_Dam-
Songadh_Tapi_District_Gujarat.html
http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2017/02/13/the-sardar-sarovar-dam-drowning-out-citizens-but-who-benefits/

8. 8
Highlight
s of the
Project
Political
overtone
Interstate
river
sharing
dispute
Judicial
intervention
Human
Settlement
Media
coverage

9. 9
Impacts Analysis Pre Construction StagePoliticalImpact
• Dispute between States for Water
Distribution
• Dispute to finalize the Height of the
Dam
86%
11.5%
2.5%
Water Distribution between States
Gujarat Rajasthan Maharashtra
21.28
Lac Ha
Problem Solution
• Proper Planning of Height of the Dam
including benefit to PAF
0
50
100
150
200
Change in Height

10. 10
Impacts Analysis Pre Construction Stage
SocialImpact
• Improper Rehabilitation and
Resettlements
14.12%
70.45%
15.43%
Population Affected Due to
submergence
Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra
1,27,446
Problem Solution
• Provision of 1.25 times of the
existing submerged land of
Families by Government
• 450 sq.m of residential plot are
provided free of cost per family
• Rs 45,000 are provided to the
PAF who were not interested in
land

11. 11
Impacts Analysis Construction Stage
EnvironmentalImpact
Problem
• Mobilisation of Vehicles
• Combustion of Fuel
• Dumping of
Construction Materials
Solution
• Installation of Air Quality
Sensor Module
• Usage of Plastic Cover
while Dumping
Air pollution Land Pollution
Problem
• Sewage and Waste Generation
from Labour Camp.
• Impact due to runoff from
construction site causing water
logging and soil erosion
Solution
• Provision of mobile toilet and
different types of dustbins
• Substantial usage of water should
be carried out
Wildlife Impact
Problem
• Arising problem of Endangered
Species
• Adverse Effect on Plants and
Trees
Solution
• Wildlife Sanctuaries in Different
Forestry Land should be
provided
• Provision of 9 times the
Plantation and Mangrove
Afforestation.

12. 12
Impacts Analysis Construction Stage
Economical&SocialImpact
Problem
• Stoppage of Funding by
stakeholder
• Cost Overrun
Solution
• Proper Per-Construction Planning
and Stakeholder Management
and DPR should be made
Economical Impact Social Impact
Problem
• Health Problems
• Problem faced by Rehabilitated People
due to New Culture and Habits
Solution
• Pesticides film on water to avoid Mosquito
generation
• Provision of Healthcare Centre
• Provision of Basic Facilities like School,
Proper connectivity

13. 13
Impacts Analysis Operation Stage
Environmental Impact
• Accumulation of Earth Mass at point
• Seismic Effect on Reservoir
• Water Logging And Salination
Social Impact
• Increase in Job Opportunity
• Tourism

14. 1414
Resettlement & Rehabilitation
Made comprehensive plan for that
high power committee made
Flood Control
Open all the gate of dam and Proper
function made by all cannel and their
distributaries.
Protection of Flora and fauna
Plantation and Making a new
sanctuaries
Financial Risk
Hurdle
s
Engineered solution
Provision financial strategic plan
syncing with proper project
implementation plan

15. 15
Funding
Under supervision of Planning commission, Gov. of INDIA
4,103.72
1,100
40.63
0.35
252.5
Sources of Funds (Rs in Cr)
Equity Share Capital
Loan from GSFS Ltd.
Increase in other Long Term Liabilities
Increase in long term provisions
Decrease in Working Capital
5,497.5
162.27
1,100
197.3
264.26
264.26
3,368.99
Application of Funds (Rs in Cr)
Repayment of Long Term Loans of Banks
Repayment of Loan of P.F.C. Ltd.
Redemption of Deep Discount Bonds
Repayment of GSFS Loan
Purchase of Fixed Assets
Capital Expenditure on Project
4,716.9

16. 1616
Grand Coulee Dam Sardar Sarovar Dam
Project Proposed 1925 1946
Construction Period 1933-1942 & 1967-1975 1987-2017
Cost of Construction $ 893mn ($ 4.95bn in 2016)
$ 8bn ($ 1.25bn initial
estimate in 1988)
Quantity of Concrete 91,74,658 m3 91,55,942 m3
Irrigated Land 6,70,000 acres 21,28,500 acres
Electricity Generation 21bn kWh-per year 1bn kWh-per year
Catchment Area 1,91,918 km2 88000 km2
https://www.usbr.gov/pn/grandcoulee/about/faq.html
Comparison of Major Dams

17. 1717
Schedule of Resettlement and Rehabilitation
• Calculation of
Catchment Area
• Calculating Max.
Flood Level
Step 1:
Identification of
Catchment Area
• Identification of
Rehabilitation Area
• Identification of
Funds Required
Step 2:
Rehabilitation • Allocation of Funds
to the PAFs
• Rehabilitation of
PAFs
Step 3: Allocation
of Funds

18. 1818
Recommendation and Conclusion
• The controlling authority such as Narmada Management Authority needs to ensure that
such Environment Management Plan does not remain only on paper but is implemented
• The required height of the dam needs to be specified during the Pre-Construction Phase
and all the Environmental, Political and Financial clearances to be taken prior to avoid
delay in the project

19. 1919
Thankyou

20. 20
Reference
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• Anon., 2017. The Economic Times. [Online] Available At: Https://Economictimes.Indiatimes.Com/News/Politics-and-nation/Modi-to-inaugurateworlds-second-biggest-dam-on-
september-17/Closed-to-raise-the-height/Slideshow/60512619.Cms [Accessed 28 October 2018].
• Anon., 2018. Catchment Area Treatment. [Online].
• Anon., 2018. Sardar Sarovar Dam (SSD), Gujarat. [Online] Available At: Https://Www.Water-technology.Net/Projects/Sardar-sarovar-dam-gujarat/ [Accessed 28 October 2018].
• Anon., 2018. Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd. [Online] Available At: Http://Www.Sardarsarovardam.Org/Features-of-project.Aspx [Accessed 28 October 2018].
• Cleveland, C., 2018. China's Monster Three Gorges Dam Is About To Slow The Rotation Of The Earth. [Online] Available At: Https://Www.Businessinsider.Com/Chinas-three-
gorges-dam-really-will-slow-the-earthsrotation-2010-6?IR=T [Accessed 28 October 2018].
• Flood, L. U., 1997. Sardar Sarovar Dam: A Case Study Of Development-induced Environmental Displacement. August, 16(3), Pp. 12-17.
• Goyal, D., April 2013. Environmental Impact And Risk Assessment For The Proposed Barrage Across Narmada River, Gandhinagar: Narmada, Water Resources, Water Supply
And Kalpasar Department.
• Kumar, S., 2018. Youtube. [Online] Available At: Https://Youtu.Be/1GTDX58K_G0 [Accessed 27 October 2018].
• Parasuraman, S., Upadhyaya, H. & Balasub, G., 2010. Sardar Sarovar Project: War Of Attrition. Economic & Political Weekly, 30 Jan, Volume Vol-xlv No 5, P. 39.
• Sardar Sarovar Punarvasvat Agency, 2017. Sardar Sarovar Punarvasvat Agency. [Online] Available At: Https://Sspa.Gujarat.Gov.In/ [Accessed 28 10 2018].
• Sardar Sarovar Punarvasvat Agency, 2018. About SSPA. [Online] Available At: Https://Sspa.Gujarat.Gov.In/About-us [Accessed 27 October 2018].
• Shelat, U., N.D. Report On Rehabilitation And Resettlement, Gandhinagar: S.N.
• Shelat, U., N.D. Resettlement In River Narmada Basin, Baroda: S.N.
• Thakurta, P. G., 2013. World Bank Threatens To Withdraw Support To Sardar Sarovar Project. [Online] Available At:
Https://Www.Indiatoday.In/Magazine/Environment/Story/19890531-world-bankthreatens-to-withdraw-support-to-sardar-sarovar-project-816135-1989-05-31 [Accessed 28
October 2018].