Environmental Health Indicator is : An expression of the link between environment and health, targeted at an issue of specific policy or management concern and presented in a form, which facilitates interpretation for effective decision ” Many Models as PSR , DSR, DPSIR, & DPSEEA models

1. 20 MCQs and Their Answers
Before Answering the questions, please
preview the following presentation:
http://www.slideshare.net/AhmedRefat/models-of-environmental-
health-indicators

2. 1 The environmental indicator which shows " the volume of fuel used
per person per kilometer travelled" is related to a specific typology
called:
A. Descriptive indicators (Type A)
B. Performance indicators (Type B)
C. Efficiency indicators (Type C)
D. Policy-effectiveness indicators (Type D)
2 The environmental indicators which shows the development of a
variable over time are related to a specific typology called :
A. Descriptive indicators (Type A)
B. Performance indicators (Type B)
C. Efficiency indicators (Type C)
D. Policy-effectiveness indicators (Type D)
3 In " DPSIR Model " , one of the following indicator is related to" I-
impact" , in the model:
A. Recycling rate of domestic waste
B. Emerging of a specific disease
C. Hydrological adjustment
D. Land take
E. habitat loss
4 In " DPSIR Model " , one of the following indicator is related to "P-
pressure", in the model:
A. Industrial activities
B. Landscape modification
C. proportion of cars with catalytic converter
D. Level of noise in neighborhood of airport
5 In " P-S-R Model " , the letter "R" refers to:
A. Societal Response
B. Ecosystem Response
C. Natural Resources
D. Human body Response to environmental stressors
6 Indicator which combine information on outcomes and their
determinants is called:
A. Lagging indicator
B. Hybrid indicator
C. Down-stream indicator
D. Leading indicator
E. Reactive indicator

3. 7 The Indicator which measures the unexpected failure that occurred
in normal operation is called:
A. Lagging indicator
B. Proxy indicator
C. Leading indicator
D. Reactive indicator
E. Up-stream indicator
8 The Indicator which measures inputs of the occupational health
and safety program is called:
A. Lagging indicator
B. Proxy indicator
C. Down-stream indicator
D. Leading indicator
E. Reactive indicator
9 The environmental Indicator which measures safety-relevant
activities in workplaces is called:
A. Lagging indicator
B. Proxy indicator
C. Down-stream indicator
D. Leading indicator
E. Reactive indicator
10 Indicator measuring the " Total number of safety inspectors per
1000 employed workers" is related to :
A. the state of occupational health services enforcement
B. the state of occupational health services activities of the personnel
at workplaces
C. the state of occupational health services
D. the accessibility of occupational health services
11 The environmental indicators which showing the development of a
variable over time are related to a specific typology called :
A. Descriptive indicators (Type A)
B. Performance indicators (Type B)
C. Efficiency indicators (Type C)
D. Policy-effectiveness indicators (Type D)
12 In " DPSIR Model " , one of the following indicator is related to" I-
impact" , in the model:
A. Recycling rate of domestic waste
B. Emerging of a specific disease
C. Land take
D. habitat loss
13 In " P-S-R Model " , the letter "R" refers to:

4. A. Societal Response
B. Ecosystem Response
C. Natural Resources
D. Human body Response to environmental stressors
14 Indicator which combine information on outcomes and their
determinants is called:
A. Lagging indicator
B. Hybrid indicator
C. Down-stream indicator
D. Leading indicator
15 The Indicator which measures inputs of the occupational health and
safety program is called:
A. Lagging indicator
B. Proxy indicator
C. Down-stream indicator
D. Leading indicator
16 The environmental Indicator which measures safety-relevant
activities in workplaces is called:
A. Lagging indicator
B. Proxy indicator
C. Down-stream indicator
D. Leading indicator
17 The DPSEEA framework was developed on behalf of the World Health
Organisation, as a basis for developing environmental health
indicators. Which of the following indicators is related to " Action - A"
of the framework ?.
A. Urban growth rate
B. Total suspended particulates, PM10/PM2.5/black smoke exceeding
the guidelines or
C. Carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in blood
D. Policies in place on the import, use, emission and disposal of toxic
chemicals
18 In DEPSEEA model ,the most effective long-term actions, are those
that aimed at eliminating or reducing the …… ????????
A. Driving forces –
B. Pressures
C. State of the environment
D. Exposure
E. Effects
19 In DEPSEEA model ,the most effective rapid response actions, are
those that aimed at eliminating or reducing the …… ????????
A. Driving forces –
B. Pressures
C. State of the environment
D. Exposure
E. Effects

5. 20 The DPSEEA framework was developed on behalf of the World Health
Organisation, as a basis for developing environmental health
indicators. Which of the following indicators is related to " Action - A"
of the framework ?.
A. Urban growth rate
B. Total suspended particulates, PM10/PM2.5/black smoke
exceeding the guidelines or
C. Carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in blood
D. Policies in place on the import, use, emission and disposal of
toxic chemicals
AQAQ
A11C1
B12A2
A13B3
B14B4
D15A5
D16B6
D17A7
A18D8
D19D9
D20A10
21- The DPSEEA model was adopted by the WHO as a
framework for environmental health indicators. One of theses
indicators is “AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF AIR POLLUTANTS
— IN URBAN AREAS”
Taking this indicator into account , discuss the following aspects:
A- Rationale and uses of this indicator.
B- Position of this indicator in DPSEEA model.
C- Linkage of this indicator to other environmental indicators.
D- Interpretation of this indicator
E- Calculation and unit of measurement of this indicator.