IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Multidimensional optimal droop control for wind resources in dc m 2vikram anand
The strategy is based on an autonomous distributed control
scheme in which the DC bus voltage level is used as an indicator of the power balance in the
microgrid. The autonomous control strategy does not rely on communication links or a
central controller, resulting in reduced costs and enhanced reliability. As part of the control
strategy, an adaptive droop control technique is proposed for PV sources in order to
maximize the utilization of power available from these sources while ensuring acceptable
levels of system voltage regulation
IRJET- Improvement of Power System Stability in Wind Turbine by using Facts D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a predictive power control strategy to improve the stability of power systems with wind farms that use doubly fed induction generator wind turbines. The strategy involves using a super capacitor energy storage system to control the active power from the grid side converter and using a static synchronous series compensator to reduce low frequency oscillations. A model predictive control approach is used to predict the future system response and increase damping. Simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink show the control strategy is able to stabilize voltage and current signals within 0.25 and 0.29 seconds respectively, improving upon conventional PI control.
This document presents the dynamic modeling of a zeta converter using state-space averaging technique. It describes developing state-space models for the two switching states of the converter and averaging them to obtain an overall state-space model. The converter is modeled with equivalent series resistances on the capacitors and inductors. Full-state feedback control is then implemented on the converter model to regulate the output voltage. Simulation results are presented to verify the accuracy of the modeling and performance under input/load disturbances.
IRJET- Variable Frequency Drive Used in TreadmillIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the use of variable frequency drives in treadmills. It discusses how most treadmills previously used DC brush motors but these had issues like high failure rates and maintenance costs. The document then explores how using an AC motor with a variable frequency drive can improve on the limitations of DC motors. It provides details on how variable frequency drives work, including discussing the rectifier, DC bus, inverter and control circuit components. It also explains techniques like pulse width modulation and flux vector control that are used to control the speed of AC motors. The objectives of using a variable frequency drive in a treadmill are listed as energy savings, increased life of components, reduced noise and vibration, lower thermal and mechanical stresses, and
The influence of optimum generation on transient stabilityIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the influence of optimum generation on transient stability in the Iraqi National Super Grid power system. The study used a Matlab simulation to analyze transient stability under different fault conditions with ordinary and optimum generation levels. It found that optimum generation improved transient stability for three generating plants compared to ordinary generation levels, with improvements ranging from 16.6% to 84% depending on the specific plant and fault scenario. Optimum generation was calculated to minimize power losses using an optimal power flow analysis prior to evaluating transient stability performance under faults.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Two parallel single phase rectifiers by using single phase to three phase ind...eSAT Journals
Abstract A single-phase to three-phase drive system composed of two parallel single-phase rectifiers, a three-phase inverter and an induction motor was proposed. The system combines two parallel rectifiers without the use of transformers. The system model and the control strategy, including the PWM technique, have been developed. The complete comparison between the proposed and standard configurations has been carried out in this paper. Compared to the conventional topology, the proposed system permits to reduce the rectifier switch currents, the THD of the grid current with same switching frequency or the switching frequency with same THD of the grid current and to increase the fault tolerance characteristics. In addition, the losses of the proposed system may be lower than that of the conventional counterpart. The initial investment of the proposed system (due to high number of semiconductor devices) cannot be considered a drawback, especially considering the scenario where the cited advantages justify such initial investment. The experimental results have shown that the system is controlled properly, even with transient and occurrence of fault
Grid connected pv system using 9 level flying capacitor multilevel inverterIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter to integrate a photovoltaic system into a power grid. A 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter can reduce harmonics and total harmonic distortion compared to conventional inverters. The system was simulated in Matlab/Simulink and includes a PV array, boost converter to increase the voltage, and the 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter connected to the grid. Key advantages of multilevel inverters are their ability to handle high power applications with reduced switching losses and lower output distortion.
Multidimensional optimal droop control for wind resources in dc m 2vikram anand
The strategy is based on an autonomous distributed control
scheme in which the DC bus voltage level is used as an indicator of the power balance in the
microgrid. The autonomous control strategy does not rely on communication links or a
central controller, resulting in reduced costs and enhanced reliability. As part of the control
strategy, an adaptive droop control technique is proposed for PV sources in order to
maximize the utilization of power available from these sources while ensuring acceptable
levels of system voltage regulation
IRJET- Improvement of Power System Stability in Wind Turbine by using Facts D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a predictive power control strategy to improve the stability of power systems with wind farms that use doubly fed induction generator wind turbines. The strategy involves using a super capacitor energy storage system to control the active power from the grid side converter and using a static synchronous series compensator to reduce low frequency oscillations. A model predictive control approach is used to predict the future system response and increase damping. Simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink show the control strategy is able to stabilize voltage and current signals within 0.25 and 0.29 seconds respectively, improving upon conventional PI control.
This document presents the dynamic modeling of a zeta converter using state-space averaging technique. It describes developing state-space models for the two switching states of the converter and averaging them to obtain an overall state-space model. The converter is modeled with equivalent series resistances on the capacitors and inductors. Full-state feedback control is then implemented on the converter model to regulate the output voltage. Simulation results are presented to verify the accuracy of the modeling and performance under input/load disturbances.
IRJET- Variable Frequency Drive Used in TreadmillIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the use of variable frequency drives in treadmills. It discusses how most treadmills previously used DC brush motors but these had issues like high failure rates and maintenance costs. The document then explores how using an AC motor with a variable frequency drive can improve on the limitations of DC motors. It provides details on how variable frequency drives work, including discussing the rectifier, DC bus, inverter and control circuit components. It also explains techniques like pulse width modulation and flux vector control that are used to control the speed of AC motors. The objectives of using a variable frequency drive in a treadmill are listed as energy savings, increased life of components, reduced noise and vibration, lower thermal and mechanical stresses, and
The influence of optimum generation on transient stabilityIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the influence of optimum generation on transient stability in the Iraqi National Super Grid power system. The study used a Matlab simulation to analyze transient stability under different fault conditions with ordinary and optimum generation levels. It found that optimum generation improved transient stability for three generating plants compared to ordinary generation levels, with improvements ranging from 16.6% to 84% depending on the specific plant and fault scenario. Optimum generation was calculated to minimize power losses using an optimal power flow analysis prior to evaluating transient stability performance under faults.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Two parallel single phase rectifiers by using single phase to three phase ind...eSAT Journals
Abstract A single-phase to three-phase drive system composed of two parallel single-phase rectifiers, a three-phase inverter and an induction motor was proposed. The system combines two parallel rectifiers without the use of transformers. The system model and the control strategy, including the PWM technique, have been developed. The complete comparison between the proposed and standard configurations has been carried out in this paper. Compared to the conventional topology, the proposed system permits to reduce the rectifier switch currents, the THD of the grid current with same switching frequency or the switching frequency with same THD of the grid current and to increase the fault tolerance characteristics. In addition, the losses of the proposed system may be lower than that of the conventional counterpart. The initial investment of the proposed system (due to high number of semiconductor devices) cannot be considered a drawback, especially considering the scenario where the cited advantages justify such initial investment. The experimental results have shown that the system is controlled properly, even with transient and occurrence of fault
Grid connected pv system using 9 level flying capacitor multilevel inverterIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter to integrate a photovoltaic system into a power grid. A 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter can reduce harmonics and total harmonic distortion compared to conventional inverters. The system was simulated in Matlab/Simulink and includes a PV array, boost converter to increase the voltage, and the 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter connected to the grid. Key advantages of multilevel inverters are their ability to handle high power applications with reduced switching losses and lower output distortion.
Active power and current control for a modular multilevel converter (mmc) bas...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
PERFORMANCE OF MVDC AND MVAC OFFSHORE WIND FARM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMJournal For Research
Offshore wind farms are becoming more popular because of advantages such as availability of higher and uniform wind speeds, availability of the large sea area and proximity to major load centers. Two types of wind turbine systems for wind power generation exist. Mainly DFIG (30% speed variation) and PMSG (100 % speed variation) generators are used in wind farms. To evaluate any power system network, load flow analysis is necessary. But traditional load flow methods such as the GS and NR-techniques fail to meet the requirements in both performance and robustness aspects of radial connected wind farm distribution systems. Therefore in this work, the direct approach algorithm is used for wind farms in which generators are modelled as PQ bus and transmission line modelled using À model in the algorithm. Basically two types of configuration are possible Medium Voltage AC (MVAC) and Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) offshore WFDS. Due to lower losses in MVDC offshore WFDS, a today lot of research is going on to design MVDC offshore WFDS. The results are presented for both MVAC and MVDC based offshore wind farm distribution system using MATLAB programming. Finally, a performance comparison has been made between the MVAC and MVDC based offshore Wind Farm Distribution System (WFDS).
System for Better Synchronism in DFIG Wind Energy Conversion System Using SME...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study on using a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system to improve the synchronization and performance of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy conversion system during faults and disturbances. The SMES unit is connected to the point of common coupling and uses a hysteresis current controller and fuzzy logic controller to charge and discharge, helping regulate voltage and inject or absorb current. Simulation results showed the SMES unit improved the DFIG system's ability to ride through voltage sags and swells while maintaining synchronization with the grid.
Dynamic model of zeta converter with full state feedback controller implement...eSAT Journals
Abstract Zeta converter is a fourth order dc-dc converter that can increases (step-up) or decreases (step-down) the input voltage. By considering dynamic model of the converter, the accuracy of the converter’s modeling and simulation are increased thus make it easier to produce the hardware version of the converter. State-space approach is a time-domain method for modeling, analyzing, and designing a wide range of systems which can be described by differential equations or difference equations. This gives great advantages because it particularly suited for digital computer implementation for their time-domain approach and vector-matrix description. The converter needs feedback control to regulate its output voltage. This paper presents the dynamic model of zeta converter. The converter is modeled using state-space averaging (SSA) technique. Full-state feedback controller is implemented on the converter to regulate the output voltage. The simulation results are presented to verify the accuracy of the modeling and the steady-state performance subjected to input and load disturbances. Index Terms: Modeling, Zeta converter, SSA technique, Full-state feedback controller
A Detailed Investigation and Testing of Grid Voltage Oriented Sliding Mode Co...ijtsrd
Doubly Fed Induction mills DFIGs are widely utilized in variable velocity wind mills in spite of the nicely frequent overall performance of DFIGs, those mills are particularly realistic to grid faults. Therefore, the presence of grid faults ought to be taken into consideration inside the layout of any manage device to be deployed on DFIGs. Sliding Mode manage SMC is a beneficial alternative for electric powered equipment manipulate because SMC offers rapid dynamic reaction and less sensitivity to parameter versions and disturbances. Jehangir Rashid | Baljit Kaur "A Detailed Investigation and Testing of Grid Voltage Oriented Sliding Mode Control for DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38368.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38368/a-detailed-investigation-and-testing-of-grid-voltage-oriented-sliding-mode-control-for-dfig-doubly-fed-induction-generator/jehangir-rashid
Analysis and control of four quadrant operation of three phase brushless dc (...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative Study of Fuzzy Logic Based Speed Control of Multilevel Inverter f...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a comparative analysis of speed control of brushless DC motor (BLDC) drive fed with conventional two-level, three and five level diode clamped multilevel inverter (DC-MLI). The performance of the drive system is successfully evaluated using Fuzzy Logic (FL) based speed controller. The control structure of the proposed drive system is described. The speed and torque characteristic of conventional two-level inverter is compared with the three and five-level multilevel inverter (MLI) for various operating conditions. The three and five level diode clamped multilevel inverters are simulated using IGBT’s and the mathematical model of BLDC motor has been developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation results show that the Fuzzy based speed controller eliminate torque ripples and provides fast speed response. The developed Fuzzy Logic model has the ability to learn instantaneously and adapt its own controller parameters based on disturbances with minimum steady state error, overshoot and rise time of the output voltage.
This document analyzes a DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator) based wind energy system with grid integration under normal and abnormal conditions. It models the DFIG, turbine, pitch control system, and grid side and rotor side converters in detail. Simulation results in MATLAB show the system performs satisfactorily under normal conditions by efficiently injecting power to the grid while maintaining synchronization. The analysis proves the control strategy is suitable for DFIG grid integration.
Hydraulics now a days is a very distinguished area which has lot of major challenges often came in its
progress due to the realistic changes affecting on applicable working fluid viz. Water. Most occasions,
Water can be easily available but in certain times it may be scarce also. The available water vary according
to its properties. It exists in normal conditions as well as salty or hardy due to deposits. Majority of Water
is contaminated with minerals, dust or dirt. Often pure water which may be acidic or alkaline can be used
for making discharges through the Turbines
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Drive System Based on Maximum Power Curve Sear...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper proposes a novel variable speed control algorithm for a grid connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system. The main objective is to track the maximum power curve characteristic by using an adaptive fuzzy logic controller, and to compare it with the conventional optimal torque control method for large inertia wind turbines. The role of the FLC is to adapt the transfer function of the harvested mechanical power controller according to the operating point in variable wind speed. The control system has two sub-systems for the rotor side and the grid side converters (RSC, GSC). Active and reactive power control of the back-to- back converters has been achieved indirectly by controlling q-axis and d-axis current components. The main function of the RSC controllers is to track the maximum power through controlling the electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine. The GSC controls the DC-link voltage, and guarantees unity power factor between the GSC and the grid. The proposed system is developed and tested in MATLAB/SimPowerSystem (SPS) environment.
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document presents a study on implementing an anti-windup PI controller for speed control of an induction machine using direct torque control (DTC) strategy. Simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed anti-windup PI controller improved the dynamic step response of speed control in terms of overshoot compared to a conventional PI controller. The validity of the control strategy was verified by implementing the anti-windup PI controller on a dSPACE 1104 board to control the speed of a 1.5 kW induction machine.
The hardware implementation of sensorless brushless direct current motor drive incorporating H-infinity control strategy with optimized weights by particle swarm optimization in the speed control is carried out in this work. The methodology involved in the design of brushless direct current (BLDC) motor control with sensorless position detection technique, the design of H-infinity speed controller, steps involved in particle swarm optimization for optimizing coefficients of its weights and the hardware implementation is discussed in detail in this paper. Texas Instruments microcontroller board C2000 Delfino Launchpad LAUNCHXL F28377S and driver BOOSTXL DRV8301 are used for realization of the speed controller. The code is developed using C2000 hardware support package in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. A comprehensive performance analysis is accomplished during starting of the motor and during the fast application and removal of load. This strategy is found to be robust resulting in faster load disturbance rejection and better reference speed tracking. The experimental results of the proposed strategy are compared with that of conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller. The time domain parameters are also compared. It is found that the proposed strategy exhibits better performance characteristics during transients and sudden disturbances in load.
Improved Rotor Speed Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Controllerijeei-iaes
This document describes research on improving the rotor speed of a brushless DC motor using a fuzzy controller. It begins with background on BLDC motors and their advantages over brushed DC motors. It then provides the mathematical model of a BLDC motor. Next, it discusses implementing a PID fuzzy controller for a BLDC motor in Simulink and the design procedure, which involves first designing a conventional PID controller, then a linear fuzzy PID controller with the same performance, and finally adjusting the fuzzy inference system to create a nonlinear fuzzy PID controller.
For application of PV systems, a major deterrent factor in their use is high initial investment. A focus has therefore been placed on new, cheap and innovative inverter solutions. As a result of this, a single stage inverter topology and a new configuration are proposed. In two stage circuit, the first stage takes care of MPPT and boosting the PV voltage while second stage inverts the first stage output into the required AC form. A two stage configuration has drawbacks such as high part count, lower efficiency, lower reliability, high cost and large size. These drawbacks are overcome by the circuit proposed in this paper. The new inverter circuit proposed in this paper is designed and simulated in a simulation environment. The improved topology increases the voltage, reduces the power loss and enhances the various electrical parameters. This enhancement and improvement of electrical quantities is explained with the help of different formulae and figures. With the use of this improve circuitry; the efficiency of the PV Array can be increased. The proposed inverter design and its implementation are given with operational results.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Real time implementation of a super twisting control of a BLDC motorIJECEIAES
This paper presents and implements a Super-Twisting high order sliding mode control for a BLDC motor. Conventional sliding mode controller has a very fast response, it allows the convergence in finite time and characterized by its robustness against disturbances and uncertainties; However, the chattering phenomenon due to the discontinuous nature of its control organ degrades its performance, especially in case of mechanical membranes control. To overcome this disadvantage, the most commun solutions are based on the adaptation of its discontinuous nature at static regime, it reduces effectively the chattering phenomenon, but on the other hand impacts performance in terms of robustness. The Super-Twisting is an algorithm of high order sliding mode applicable on systems with relative degree 1, it produces a continuous control which cancels the chattering phenomenon and preserve all traditional sliding mode command performances. To validate the effectiveness and the robustness of the Super-Twisting controller for controlling brushless motors, experimental results using a 3KW BLDC motor are provided and compared with those of a conventional sliding mode controller.
IRJET- Analysis of Power System Stability using Various FACTS ControllersIRJET Journal
This document analyzes power system stability using various Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers through MATLAB/Simulink simulations. It introduces different FACTS controllers including Static Var Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Static Synchronous Series Controller (SSSC), Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC). Simulation results show that FACTS controllers can improve power system stability by providing voltage support and damping power oscillations. TCSC demonstrated better performance than SVC in enhancing stability.
Design and development of grid tie inverter with closed loop spwm single stag...eSAT Journals
Abstract The project aims the devise topology of single stage, three switch, closed loop SPWM control photovoltaic inverter for grid tie residential application. Predictable buck-boost GTI used in photovoltaic application are of manifold stage inverter systems, encompass dc-ac-dc converters added to achieve a raised dc voltage before inversion. Additional stage require more power machinery and also more power loss results, Even though a two-stage buck-boost inverter can reach significantly high power capability, which introduces circuit density as well as adds up the cost. In disparity with existing system project proposes the intend of a three-switch single stage grid connected buck-boost inverter, where switching losses to a great extent reduced as number of switches and also flyback, buck boost function principles are applied to match up with solar energy accessibility variation. For switching power circuit blend of square wave and SPWM is used, with kind of combination switching frequency reduces to such a level where switching losses significantly reduced. To realize Grid synchronization Strategy sine wave beginning from grid will be used as orientation signal for SPWM. To regulate inverter immediate ac output closed loop control scheme is engaged. Implementation of simple controller format with which output is stabilized as fast as probable. Advantages of this method are established by simulation of a grid-connected single-stage three switch, closed loop SPWM buck-boost inverter.. Keywords: GTI, Buck-Boost, SPWM, and Square wave etc…
IRJET- Series Voltage Regulator for Radial DC – MicrogridIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using a series voltage regulator (SVR) to regulate voltage in a radial DC microgrid. The SVR combines a dual active bridge and full bridge DC-DC converter. It operates in two modes: power control using the dual active bridge to maintain a constant voltage, and voltage control using the DC-DC converter to provide adjustable output voltage. The SVR configuration is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate its performance under different load conditions. The simulation results show that the SVR is able to maintain a constant output voltage despite variations in load, thus overcoming problems with voltage fluctuations in DC distribution systems.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Comparison of used metadata elements in digital libraries in iran with dublin...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Active power and current control for a modular multilevel converter (mmc) bas...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
PERFORMANCE OF MVDC AND MVAC OFFSHORE WIND FARM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMJournal For Research
Offshore wind farms are becoming more popular because of advantages such as availability of higher and uniform wind speeds, availability of the large sea area and proximity to major load centers. Two types of wind turbine systems for wind power generation exist. Mainly DFIG (30% speed variation) and PMSG (100 % speed variation) generators are used in wind farms. To evaluate any power system network, load flow analysis is necessary. But traditional load flow methods such as the GS and NR-techniques fail to meet the requirements in both performance and robustness aspects of radial connected wind farm distribution systems. Therefore in this work, the direct approach algorithm is used for wind farms in which generators are modelled as PQ bus and transmission line modelled using À model in the algorithm. Basically two types of configuration are possible Medium Voltage AC (MVAC) and Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) offshore WFDS. Due to lower losses in MVDC offshore WFDS, a today lot of research is going on to design MVDC offshore WFDS. The results are presented for both MVAC and MVDC based offshore wind farm distribution system using MATLAB programming. Finally, a performance comparison has been made between the MVAC and MVDC based offshore Wind Farm Distribution System (WFDS).
System for Better Synchronism in DFIG Wind Energy Conversion System Using SME...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study on using a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system to improve the synchronization and performance of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy conversion system during faults and disturbances. The SMES unit is connected to the point of common coupling and uses a hysteresis current controller and fuzzy logic controller to charge and discharge, helping regulate voltage and inject or absorb current. Simulation results showed the SMES unit improved the DFIG system's ability to ride through voltage sags and swells while maintaining synchronization with the grid.
Dynamic model of zeta converter with full state feedback controller implement...eSAT Journals
Abstract Zeta converter is a fourth order dc-dc converter that can increases (step-up) or decreases (step-down) the input voltage. By considering dynamic model of the converter, the accuracy of the converter’s modeling and simulation are increased thus make it easier to produce the hardware version of the converter. State-space approach is a time-domain method for modeling, analyzing, and designing a wide range of systems which can be described by differential equations or difference equations. This gives great advantages because it particularly suited for digital computer implementation for their time-domain approach and vector-matrix description. The converter needs feedback control to regulate its output voltage. This paper presents the dynamic model of zeta converter. The converter is modeled using state-space averaging (SSA) technique. Full-state feedback controller is implemented on the converter to regulate the output voltage. The simulation results are presented to verify the accuracy of the modeling and the steady-state performance subjected to input and load disturbances. Index Terms: Modeling, Zeta converter, SSA technique, Full-state feedback controller
A Detailed Investigation and Testing of Grid Voltage Oriented Sliding Mode Co...ijtsrd
Doubly Fed Induction mills DFIGs are widely utilized in variable velocity wind mills in spite of the nicely frequent overall performance of DFIGs, those mills are particularly realistic to grid faults. Therefore, the presence of grid faults ought to be taken into consideration inside the layout of any manage device to be deployed on DFIGs. Sliding Mode manage SMC is a beneficial alternative for electric powered equipment manipulate because SMC offers rapid dynamic reaction and less sensitivity to parameter versions and disturbances. Jehangir Rashid | Baljit Kaur "A Detailed Investigation and Testing of Grid Voltage Oriented Sliding Mode Control for DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38368.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38368/a-detailed-investigation-and-testing-of-grid-voltage-oriented-sliding-mode-control-for-dfig-doubly-fed-induction-generator/jehangir-rashid
Analysis and control of four quadrant operation of three phase brushless dc (...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative Study of Fuzzy Logic Based Speed Control of Multilevel Inverter f...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a comparative analysis of speed control of brushless DC motor (BLDC) drive fed with conventional two-level, three and five level diode clamped multilevel inverter (DC-MLI). The performance of the drive system is successfully evaluated using Fuzzy Logic (FL) based speed controller. The control structure of the proposed drive system is described. The speed and torque characteristic of conventional two-level inverter is compared with the three and five-level multilevel inverter (MLI) for various operating conditions. The three and five level diode clamped multilevel inverters are simulated using IGBT’s and the mathematical model of BLDC motor has been developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation results show that the Fuzzy based speed controller eliminate torque ripples and provides fast speed response. The developed Fuzzy Logic model has the ability to learn instantaneously and adapt its own controller parameters based on disturbances with minimum steady state error, overshoot and rise time of the output voltage.
This document analyzes a DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator) based wind energy system with grid integration under normal and abnormal conditions. It models the DFIG, turbine, pitch control system, and grid side and rotor side converters in detail. Simulation results in MATLAB show the system performs satisfactorily under normal conditions by efficiently injecting power to the grid while maintaining synchronization. The analysis proves the control strategy is suitable for DFIG grid integration.
Hydraulics now a days is a very distinguished area which has lot of major challenges often came in its
progress due to the realistic changes affecting on applicable working fluid viz. Water. Most occasions,
Water can be easily available but in certain times it may be scarce also. The available water vary according
to its properties. It exists in normal conditions as well as salty or hardy due to deposits. Majority of Water
is contaminated with minerals, dust or dirt. Often pure water which may be acidic or alkaline can be used
for making discharges through the Turbines
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Drive System Based on Maximum Power Curve Sear...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper proposes a novel variable speed control algorithm for a grid connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system. The main objective is to track the maximum power curve characteristic by using an adaptive fuzzy logic controller, and to compare it with the conventional optimal torque control method for large inertia wind turbines. The role of the FLC is to adapt the transfer function of the harvested mechanical power controller according to the operating point in variable wind speed. The control system has two sub-systems for the rotor side and the grid side converters (RSC, GSC). Active and reactive power control of the back-to- back converters has been achieved indirectly by controlling q-axis and d-axis current components. The main function of the RSC controllers is to track the maximum power through controlling the electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine. The GSC controls the DC-link voltage, and guarantees unity power factor between the GSC and the grid. The proposed system is developed and tested in MATLAB/SimPowerSystem (SPS) environment.
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The document presents a study on implementing an anti-windup PI controller for speed control of an induction machine using direct torque control (DTC) strategy. Simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed anti-windup PI controller improved the dynamic step response of speed control in terms of overshoot compared to a conventional PI controller. The validity of the control strategy was verified by implementing the anti-windup PI controller on a dSPACE 1104 board to control the speed of a 1.5 kW induction machine.
The hardware implementation of sensorless brushless direct current motor drive incorporating H-infinity control strategy with optimized weights by particle swarm optimization in the speed control is carried out in this work. The methodology involved in the design of brushless direct current (BLDC) motor control with sensorless position detection technique, the design of H-infinity speed controller, steps involved in particle swarm optimization for optimizing coefficients of its weights and the hardware implementation is discussed in detail in this paper. Texas Instruments microcontroller board C2000 Delfino Launchpad LAUNCHXL F28377S and driver BOOSTXL DRV8301 are used for realization of the speed controller. The code is developed using C2000 hardware support package in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. A comprehensive performance analysis is accomplished during starting of the motor and during the fast application and removal of load. This strategy is found to be robust resulting in faster load disturbance rejection and better reference speed tracking. The experimental results of the proposed strategy are compared with that of conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller. The time domain parameters are also compared. It is found that the proposed strategy exhibits better performance characteristics during transients and sudden disturbances in load.
Improved Rotor Speed Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Controllerijeei-iaes
This document describes research on improving the rotor speed of a brushless DC motor using a fuzzy controller. It begins with background on BLDC motors and their advantages over brushed DC motors. It then provides the mathematical model of a BLDC motor. Next, it discusses implementing a PID fuzzy controller for a BLDC motor in Simulink and the design procedure, which involves first designing a conventional PID controller, then a linear fuzzy PID controller with the same performance, and finally adjusting the fuzzy inference system to create a nonlinear fuzzy PID controller.
For application of PV systems, a major deterrent factor in their use is high initial investment. A focus has therefore been placed on new, cheap and innovative inverter solutions. As a result of this, a single stage inverter topology and a new configuration are proposed. In two stage circuit, the first stage takes care of MPPT and boosting the PV voltage while second stage inverts the first stage output into the required AC form. A two stage configuration has drawbacks such as high part count, lower efficiency, lower reliability, high cost and large size. These drawbacks are overcome by the circuit proposed in this paper. The new inverter circuit proposed in this paper is designed and simulated in a simulation environment. The improved topology increases the voltage, reduces the power loss and enhances the various electrical parameters. This enhancement and improvement of electrical quantities is explained with the help of different formulae and figures. With the use of this improve circuitry; the efficiency of the PV Array can be increased. The proposed inverter design and its implementation are given with operational results.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Real time implementation of a super twisting control of a BLDC motorIJECEIAES
This paper presents and implements a Super-Twisting high order sliding mode control for a BLDC motor. Conventional sliding mode controller has a very fast response, it allows the convergence in finite time and characterized by its robustness against disturbances and uncertainties; However, the chattering phenomenon due to the discontinuous nature of its control organ degrades its performance, especially in case of mechanical membranes control. To overcome this disadvantage, the most commun solutions are based on the adaptation of its discontinuous nature at static regime, it reduces effectively the chattering phenomenon, but on the other hand impacts performance in terms of robustness. The Super-Twisting is an algorithm of high order sliding mode applicable on systems with relative degree 1, it produces a continuous control which cancels the chattering phenomenon and preserve all traditional sliding mode command performances. To validate the effectiveness and the robustness of the Super-Twisting controller for controlling brushless motors, experimental results using a 3KW BLDC motor are provided and compared with those of a conventional sliding mode controller.
IRJET- Analysis of Power System Stability using Various FACTS ControllersIRJET Journal
This document analyzes power system stability using various Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers through MATLAB/Simulink simulations. It introduces different FACTS controllers including Static Var Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Static Synchronous Series Controller (SSSC), Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC). Simulation results show that FACTS controllers can improve power system stability by providing voltage support and damping power oscillations. TCSC demonstrated better performance than SVC in enhancing stability.
Design and development of grid tie inverter with closed loop spwm single stag...eSAT Journals
Abstract The project aims the devise topology of single stage, three switch, closed loop SPWM control photovoltaic inverter for grid tie residential application. Predictable buck-boost GTI used in photovoltaic application are of manifold stage inverter systems, encompass dc-ac-dc converters added to achieve a raised dc voltage before inversion. Additional stage require more power machinery and also more power loss results, Even though a two-stage buck-boost inverter can reach significantly high power capability, which introduces circuit density as well as adds up the cost. In disparity with existing system project proposes the intend of a three-switch single stage grid connected buck-boost inverter, where switching losses to a great extent reduced as number of switches and also flyback, buck boost function principles are applied to match up with solar energy accessibility variation. For switching power circuit blend of square wave and SPWM is used, with kind of combination switching frequency reduces to such a level where switching losses significantly reduced. To realize Grid synchronization Strategy sine wave beginning from grid will be used as orientation signal for SPWM. To regulate inverter immediate ac output closed loop control scheme is engaged. Implementation of simple controller format with which output is stabilized as fast as probable. Advantages of this method are established by simulation of a grid-connected single-stage three switch, closed loop SPWM buck-boost inverter.. Keywords: GTI, Buck-Boost, SPWM, and Square wave etc…
IRJET- Series Voltage Regulator for Radial DC – MicrogridIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using a series voltage regulator (SVR) to regulate voltage in a radial DC microgrid. The SVR combines a dual active bridge and full bridge DC-DC converter. It operates in two modes: power control using the dual active bridge to maintain a constant voltage, and voltage control using the DC-DC converter to provide adjustable output voltage. The SVR configuration is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate its performance under different load conditions. The simulation results show that the SVR is able to maintain a constant output voltage despite variations in load, thus overcoming problems with voltage fluctuations in DC distribution systems.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Comparison of used metadata elements in digital libraries in iran with dublin...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Eye sight determination on tablet based hand held device with image processin...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Study and implementation of dc drive using pic16 f877a microcontrollereSAT Publishing House
1) The document describes the study and implementation of a DC drive system using a PIC16F877A microcontroller.
2) An H-bridge configuration is used to control the speed and direction of a DC motor through pulse width modulation (PWM) signals generated by the microcontroller.
3) Simulation results show the motor's speed curve increases step-wise with duty cycle, demonstrating closed-loop control of the DC motor's speed.
Near equatorial orbit small sar constellation for developing nationseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of vibration on the health of two-wheeler riders. It models the human body and vehicle as a coupled dynamic system using lumped masses and springs. Equations of motion are developed and solved using matrix inversion. Results show maximum vibration responses at different frequencies for body segments. The ideal operating speed to limit vibration effects is found to be 49.66 km/hr at a frequency of 8 Hz. In conclusion, exposure to vehicle vibrations beyond permissible limits can affect rider health, comfort and body functioning depending on vibration frequency, magnitude and duration.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Influence of alkaline substances (carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium) in w...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Evaluation the affects of mimo based rayleigh network cascaded with unstable ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance analysis of cmos comparator and cntfet comparator designeSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study comparing the performance of CNTFET and CMOS comparator designs. CNTFET comparators were simulated using CADENCE showing faster propagation delays, lower power consumption, and improved transient response compared to CMOS comparators. Specifically, the CNTFET comparator had a rise time of 142.1ns versus 1.03ns for CMOS, and fall time of 164.18ns versus 821.476ns for CMOS. Average power was also lower at 118mW for CNTFET versus 910mW for CMOS. Due to these advantages, CNTFETs may replace silicon transistors as the performance of silicon MOSFETs reaches scaling limitations.
Dehulling characteristics of oat (ol 9 variety) as affected by grain moisture...eSAT Publishing House
This document studied the effect of grain moisture content on the dehulling characteristics of oat (OL-9 variety) using an indigenously developed small scale impact oat dehuller. Dehulling efficiency and groat recovery significantly increased as grain moisture increased from 10% to 16%, while broken content significantly decreased as moisture increased from 10% to 19%. Regression equations were developed relating grain moisture to dehulling parameters. Optimum moisture content for impact dehulling was determined to be 16%.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Study and comparison of various communication based protective relaying schem...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Simulation of photovoltaic system connected with full bridge inverter using m...eSAT Journals
Abstract
When sunlight shines on a PV cell, the absorbed light produces electricity. Though PV technologies use both direct and dispersed
sunlight to create electricity, harnessing efficiency is 68% eventually against the claim of 85% by the various manufacturers
worldwide. Power Electronics Interface are incorporated with Photovoltaic (PV) System to intensify the efficiency of the PV
system and undoubtedly we have reached to the goalmouth. There are two stages where power electronics converter are used.
First DC-DC converter stage in which lower level PV voltage is boosted-up at the required higher level; and second DC-AC
inverter stage in which increased DC link voltage is efficiently converted into AC. Purpose of this paper is to elaborate the Full-
Bridge inverter used in PV System and switching schemes adopted for the operation and to realize the best switching scheme.
Simulation results are taken at various stages to visualize the effect of interface. For whole PV system simulation, PV module is
connected to the converter system. The output of the Buck Boost converter is connected to the single-phase inverter and the
inverter output is fed to the AC grid.
Key Words: H- Bridge Inverter, Switching Scheme, PV module, Converter, Simulink block-sets.
Active power and frequency analysis of a smart grid – using matlabsimulink ap...eSAT Publishing House
This document presents a simulation of a smart grid model using MATLAB/SIMULINK to analyze active power and grid frequency. The smart grid model integrates 4 units of thermal power plants with a total capacity of 3600 MW and 6 units of wind power plants with a total capacity of 72 MW. The simulation analyzes the impact of load variations at different buses on frequency and active power. Under initial load conditions, the maximum and minimum frequencies were 50.29 Hz and 49.9 Hz, indicating stable operation. As loads increased, frequencies remained stable but active power values varied more. The analysis identifies load ranges that allow stable operation of the smart grid in terms of frequency deviation.
Comparative analysis of multilevel inverter topologies for induction motor dr...eSAT Journals
This document compares different multilevel inverter topologies for induction motor drive applications. It proposes a new multilevel inverter topology that requires fewer switches and separate DC sources than conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters. The proposed topology is able to generate 13 voltage levels using only 7 switches and 3 DC sources in asymmetrical configuration, compared to 24 switches and 6 DC sources for a conventional cascaded H-bridge design. MATLAB simulations show the induction motor driven by the proposed 13-level inverter has reduced torque and speed ripples compared to conventional designs. Total harmonic distortion is also reduced at 13.94% for the proposed design.
An improved luo converter for high power applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract
Power conversion is one of the major requirements in various industries and in daily life. Among various types of power
conversion, DC-DC conversion has greater importance. DC-DC conversion can be reliably performed using luo converter. It
employs voltage lift technique so that output voltage is increased stage by stage, in arithmetic progression. Luo converter can be
incorporated with the Z network or impedance network so as to ensure simple start up and smooth power conversion. An
impedance network consist of two identical inductors and two identical capacitors connected in ‘X’ shape. Besides power
conversion it also offers filtering operation. The luo converter in this scheme is of switched capacitor type. It helps to provide
regulated output voltage from an unregulated source of power supply. The major benefits of this proposed scheme is that it
combines the advantages of the switched capacitor, voltage lift technique and the impedance network. Hence the proposed scheme
has various advantages such as high power density, larger range of output DC voltage, lower or no inrush current, lower
harmonic injection, simple circuit, high voltage transfer gain, can process upto several tens of watts of power. The simulation
analysis and the hardware implementation shows that the output voltage obtained is higher than the expected theoretical value.
i.e, it is the highly boosted voltage output.
Keywords: Z-network, boost voltage, voltage lift technique
IRJET- Simulation of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator based Wind Energy C...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the simulation of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind energy conversion system using MATLAB. Key points:
- DFIGs are commonly used in wind energy systems due to advantages like improved efficiency, active and reactive power control, and reduced converter costs.
- In a DFIG system, the stator is directly connected to the grid while the rotor is connected via power electronic converters. Field oriented control is used to control the DFIG.
- The paper presents the mathematical modeling of a DFIG and simulations run in MATLAB, showing outputs like stator current, rotor current, and output power.
- A floating capacitor bridge topology is proposed to control the voltage across the capacitor
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Control of inverters to support bidirectional power flow in grid connected sy...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
OVER-CURRENT RELAYS IN VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTIONIRJET Journal
This document discusses the impact of photovoltaic (PV) sources on over-current relays in voltage distribution systems. It first provides background on integrating distributed generation (DG) units like PV into electric grids. While DG integration provides benefits, it can also negatively impact the coordination of protective devices and cause miscoordination or tripping failures. The document then describes the key components of the proposed system to address this issue, including bidirectional converters, single-phase inverters, relays, voltage regulators, microcontrollers, and the PV system. It presents the working principles and diagrams. The conclusion verifies the control effects of the device and discusses improving power quality in medium-voltage distribution networks.
Comparison of symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded current source multilevel...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded multilevel inverter approach for high power output applications. It is based on the cascade connection of the H-bridge inverter cells. Comparison of symmetrical and asymmetrical current source multi level inverter is shown using 2 H-bridge inverter cells with cascade connection. Now ever by the supplies which are in GP with different ratios like 2,3,etc. Structural and operational characteristics are discussed and their inherent advantages are shown. Simulation using Matlab Simulink is done to verify the performance. Simulation and results for this proposed scheme are presented in this paper. Index Terms: Asymmetrical cascaded multilevel inverter, Current source multi level inverter, MATLAB Simulink, Optimization angle control, Symmetrical multi level inverter, Total harmonic distortion (THD).
IRJET-Study of Expenditure in Construction of Tram in Enclosed AreaIRJET Journal
This document provides a literature review of a non-isolated single stage three-port converter (NISSTPC) for hybrid microgrid applications. A NISSTPC has three bidirectional ports connected to an AC side, DC side, and storage system, allowing single-stage power conversion. This improves power conversion efficiency and power quality over conventional hybrid microgrids. The document compares NISSTPC to conventional hybrid microgrid topologies in terms of power quality, frequency deviation, and availability of storage during faults. Studies show NISSTPC provides better power quality and uninterrupted storage availability during faults. In conclusion, a hybrid microgrid using NISSTPC improves overall performance.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document compares symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded current source multilevel inverters. It discusses that symmetrical inverters use equal current sources, producing similar output steps, while asymmetrical inverters use unequal current sources. Asymmetrical inverters can generate more levels and higher output with the same number of bridges by using current sources in binary or ternary progression. Simulation results show a symmetrical 2-bridge inverter produces a 5-level output, while an asymmetrical 2-bridge inverter produces a 7-level output with binary progression and a 9-level output with ternary progression.
This document compares symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded current source multilevel inverters. It discusses their structures, operational characteristics, advantages, and simulation results. Symmetrical multilevel inverters have equal current sources, while asymmetrical have unequal sources in a geometric progression. For the same number of components, asymmetrical inverters can produce more output levels and higher voltages with lower total harmonic distortion. Simulation results show the output waveform and THD for different configurations, confirming asymmetrical inverters have better performance.
Design and Implementation of Fuzzy logic based Multilevel Inverter for Micro ...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a design for a fuzzy logic based controller for an interlinking converter in a hybrid microgrid system to enable bidirectional power flow. Key points:
1) A hybrid microgrid system is proposed containing both AC and DC subgrids connected by an interlinking converter.
2) A fuzzy logic controller is designed for the interlinking converter to facilitate bidirectional power transfer between the subgrids and maintain stability.
3) Simulations show that the fuzzy logic controller enables the subgrids to share load changes and improves the stability margin of the hybrid microgrid during islanding events when compared to PI controllers.
Improved Nine-Level Transformerless Inverter with Reduced Part CountIRJET Journal
The document discusses improved transformerless inverter topologies for connecting photovoltaic (PV) panels to the electric grid. It describes various single-phase transformerless inverter configurations including H-bridge, HERIC, and a proposed seven-switch topology. The proposed topology aims to reduce leakage currents by maintaining a constant common mode voltage. Simulation results show the proposed topology produces a nine-level output voltage waveform and maintains leakage currents below permissible limits.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF QUADRATIC BOOST CONVERTER FOR APPLICATION OF BLD...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and implementation of a quadratic boost converter (QBC) to power a brushless DC motor. A QBC provides higher voltage gain than a standard boost converter while reducing losses. The QBC output feeds a three-phase inverter to drive the BLDC motor. Both MATLAB simulation and hardware experiments were conducted. The QBC was able to boost 12V input to over 44V output to power a 50W BLDC motor, demonstrating the effectiveness of using a QBC for motor applications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design of integrated multistage dc dc convrtereSAT Journals
Abstract Due to the functionality increase of modern battery powered portable devices, the battery life is an important issue. To extend the battery life, an efficient voltage regulator (VR) is required. In this paper discusses the employment of two-stage architecture on the design of point-of-load (POL) Dc- Dc converters. At first, the paper discusses the benefits of an integrated two-stage step-down converter with example to clarify the benefits of the design over one-stage approach. The results of two-stage converter are to be compared with the one-stage approach in addition to size and cost reduction. Then, the benefits of replacing boost converters by integrated two-stage step-up converters are discussed followed by a design example for two-stage step-up converter. The circuits are to be simulated and compared with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK. Keywords: voltage regulator (VR), point-of-load (POL), MATLAB/SIMULINK
Design and Simulation of DC Microgrid with DC-DC Bi-directional ConverterIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and simulation of a DC microgrid system in Matlab Simulink. The microgrid includes a solar PV array connected to the DC bus via a boost converter. A bidirectional DC-DC converter connects a battery energy storage system to allow power flow in both directions. The microgrid is controlled through maximum power point tracking of the PV array and voltage control of the DC bus. Simulations of the full microgrid are run under different operating conditions to analyze system performance.
Bidirectional full bridge dc-dc converter with flyback snubber for photovolta...IAEME Publication
This document describes a bidirectional full-bridge DC-DC converter with a flyback snubber circuit for photovoltaic applications. The converter allows for stepped-up voltage from a solar cell to charge a battery. It uses a current-fed full-bridge on the low voltage side and a voltage-fed bridge on the high voltage side, with an isolation transformer in between. A flyback snubber is used to clamp voltage spikes caused by current differences, reducing stress on the active switches. Simulation results show the converter successfully steps up 6V solar output to over 15V for battery charging. The flyback snubber regulates voltages while improving reliability.
Hudhud cyclone caused extensive damage in Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014, especially to tree cover. This will likely impact the local environment in several ways: increased air pollution as trees absorb less; higher temperatures without tree canopy; increased erosion and landslides. It also created large amounts of waste from destroyed trees. Proper management of solid waste is needed to prevent disease spread. Suggested measures include restoring damaged plants, building fountains to reduce heat, mandating light-colored buildings, improving waste management, and educating public on health risks. Overall, changes are needed to water, land, and waste practices to rebuild the environment after the cyclone removed green cover.
Impact of flood disaster in a drought prone area – case study of alampur vill...eSAT Publishing House
1) In September-October 2009, unprecedented heavy rainfall and dam releases caused widespread flooding in Alampur village in Mahabub Nagar district, a historically drought-prone area.
2) The flood damaged or destroyed homes, buildings, infrastructure, crops, and documents. It displaced many residents and cut off the village.
3) The socioeconomic conditions and mud-based construction of homes in the village exacerbated the flood's impacts, making damage more severe and recovery more difficult.
The document summarizes the Hudhud cyclone that struck Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014. It describes the cyclone's formation, rapid intensification to winds of 175 km/h, and landfall near Visakhapatnam. The cyclone caused extensive damage estimated at over $1 billion and at least 109 deaths in India and Nepal. Infrastructure like buildings, bridges, and power lines were destroyed. Crops and fishing boats were also damaged. The document then discusses coping strategies and improvements needed to disaster management plans to better prepare for future cyclones.
Groundwater investigation using geophysical methods a case study of pydibhim...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes the results of a geophysical investigation using vertical electrical sounding (VES) methods at 13 locations around an industrial area in India. The VES data was interpreted to generate geo-electric sections and pseudo-sections showing subsurface resistivity variations. Three main layers were typically identified - a high resistivity topsoil, a weathered middle layer, and a basement rock. Pseudo-sections revealed relatively more weathered areas in the northwest and southwest. Resistivity sections helped identify zones of possible high groundwater potential based on low resistivity anomalies sandwiched between more resistive layers. The study concluded the electrical resistivity method was useful for understanding subsurface geology and identifying areas prospective for groundwater exploration.
Flood related disasters concerned to urban flooding in bangalore, indiaeSAT Publishing House
1. The document discusses urban flooding in Bangalore, India. It describes how factors like heavy rainfall, population growth, and improper land use have contributed to increased flooding in the city.
2. Flooding events in 2013 are analyzed in detail. A November rainfall caused runoff six times higher than the drainage capacity, inundating low-lying residential areas.
3. Impacts of urban flooding include disrupted daily life, damaged infrastructure, and decreased economic activity in affected areas. The document calls for improved flood management strategies to better mitigate urban flooding risks in Bangalore.
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1) A cyclone with wind speeds of 175-200 kph caused massive damage to the green cover of Gitam University campus in Visakhapatnam, India. Thousands of trees were uprooted or damaged.
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Wind damage to buildings, infrastrucuture and landscape elements along the be...eSAT Publishing House
1) A visual study was conducted to assess wind damage from Cyclone Hudhud along the 27km Visakha-Bheemli Beach road in Visakhapatnam, India.
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This document discusses risk analysis and environmental hazard management. It begins by defining risk, hazard, and toxicity. It then outlines the steps involved in hazard identification, including HAZID, HAZOP, and HAZAN. The document presents a case study of a hypothetical gas collecting station, identifying potential accidents and hazards. It discusses quantitative and qualitative approaches to risk analysis, including calculating a fire and explosion index. The document concludes by discussing hazard management strategies like preventative measures, control measures, fire protection, relief operations, and the importance of training personnel on safety.
Review study on performance of seismically tested repaired shear wallseSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes research on the performance of reinforced concrete shear walls that have been repaired after damage. It begins with an introduction to shear walls and their failure modes. The literature review then discusses the behavior of original shear walls as well as different repair techniques tested by other researchers, including conventional repair with new concrete, jacketing with steel plates or concrete, and use of fiber reinforced polymers. The document focuses on evaluating the strength retention of shear walls after being repaired with various methods.
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This document summarizes a study on monitoring and assessing air quality with respect to dust particles (PM10 and PM2.5) in the urban environment of Visakhapatnam, India. Sampling was conducted in residential, commercial, and industrial areas from October 2013 to August 2014. The average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were within limits in residential areas but moderate to high in commercial and industrial areas. Exceedance factor levels indicated moderate pollution for residential areas and moderate to high pollution for commercial and industrial areas. There is a need for management measures like improved public transport and green spaces to combat particulate air pollution in the study areas.
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This document summarizes an analysis of seismic vulnerability along the east coast of India. It discusses the geotectonic setting of the region as a passive continental margin and reports some moderate seismic activity from offshore in recent decades. While seismic stability cannot be assumed given events like the 2004 tsunami, no major earthquakes have been recorded along this coast historically. The document calls for further study of active faults, neotectonics, and implementation of improved seismic building codes to mitigate vulnerability.
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A geophysical insight of earthquake occurred on 21 st may 2014 off paradip, b...eSAT Publishing House
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
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#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 09 | Sep-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 300
ENHANCEMENT OF POWER QUALITY IN A
CLOSED LOOP OPERATION OF FOURQUADRANT
DC DRIVE USING DUAL AC-DC BUCK CONVERTER
K. Girish Kumar1
, K. Manoj Siva Kumar2
, CH. Srinivasulu Reddy3
1
PG Scholar, 2
Associate Professor, 3
Associate Professor & Head of the Department,
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, PBRVITS, Kavali, Nellore, India
kotagirishkumar@gmail.com, manojsivakumar@gmail.com, pbrvits.eee.hod@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper deals with the operation of the separately excited dc-drive in each of the four quadrants which is fed by symmetrical multi
pulse modulated signal, leads to improved power quality by using single-phase, dual AC-DC buck converter. Here the armature
control of the dc drive with constant load torque is considered in both forward and reverse directions in the motoring and generating
actions. When a variable load condition occur the load voltage get changed, simultaneously other parameters such as torque, speed at
load side and voltage, current profiles at source side get affected. Due to which there is lot of distortion in the sending end
parameters. To overcome these drawbacks the essential variables are analyzed by feeding these variables back to the converter
switches, which regulates the output voltage, fed to separately excited DC-Drive, which indicates that, at the ac interface the
harmonic profile of the separately excited dc drive fed by the improved power quality dual converter is achieved using closed loop
system.
Keywords: AC-DC Buck Converter, Power Quality, Closed Loop, PI Controller, Symmetrical Multipulse
Modulation (SMM) etc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The Four-Quadrant DC-Drive operation is extensively in
practice. Due to increased use of improved power quality Dual
AC-DC Buck Converter in a closed loop operation makes a
compulsory investigation of the DC- drive when fed by the
converter. In this paper From the Power Quality point of view
the four-quadrant DC-drive fed by dual buck converter in
closed loop operation is studied. In the armature control
method of a DC drive at variable load conditions is considered
in both the forward and reverse modes of operation.
Performance characteristics of the proposed closed loop
system in all the quadrants are compared with the single phase
open loop dual buck converter fed four-quadrant DC drive.
The simulation results focus that the performance analysis of
the closed loop separately excited DC drive has better
Dynamic response, better stability, improved voltage profile,
improved power factor and also reduced harmonic distortions.
The pulse modulation technique adopted in the proposed
system uses equidistant pulses for every half cycle (M) to
obtain the response which can be continuously varied by
changing the duty cycle (δ) of the equidistant pulses. The
Block Diagram of Proposed closed loop four quadrant DC-
Drive is shown in Fig: 1 which comprises of single phase step
up transformer fed - dual AC-DC Buck Converter, error
detector for comparison of voltages, PI controller for reducing
steady state errors, Comparator for generating of gate pulses to
Converter switches, the armature winding A1 A2, of the
separately excited DC drive are fed to the separate dc source.
The implemented technique expels the interest towards the
performance investigation of the drive as it is less complex in
implementing.
Fig: 1 Block Diagram of closed loop four quadrant DC-Drive
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 09 | Sep-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 301
2. IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM
The problem of power quality in electrical systems in general
is of great importance. Now a day’s constant load can’t be
maintained properly on drives, due to the changes in the load
on the DC-drive, the voltage and current profile has been
drooped. Due to these load variations the speed of the drive
droops from its constant speed at constant load condition
simultaneously the load torque changes, total harmonic
distortion (THD) increases, power factor, system stability
decreases, and thus power quality cannot be maintained
properly. Thus in this paper we are concerned about power
quality of four quadrant DC-drive as main objective without
increase in the total harmonic distortion (THD).
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
In this paper a feasible solution for the improvement of power
quality in a DC-drive using symmetrical Multipulse
modulation (SMM) technique is developed in closed loop
system using MATLAB-SIMULINK.
This System overcomes many of the drawbacks in the
conventional system.
Improvement in the dynamic response of the system.
Constant load voltage can be maintained at variable load
conditions
Pure Sinusoidal (ripple free) voltage profile can be
maintained at the source terminals.
Ripples in Current profile at the source terminals can be
reduced better than the conventional system.
Close to unity power factory can be achieved in this
closed loop system.
Easy and less time consuming for control.
Qualitative & constant power can be supplied to the load.
4. TOPLOGY OF CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM
The circuit shown below (Fig:2) Comprises of two sets of
devices(Set I and Set II), each set comprises of four IGBT and
diode in series(two quadrant switches) which constitutes a
dual buck converter. The four 2QSWs of set I are – M1D1,
M2D2, M3D3, M4D4, and those of set II are – M1’D1’,
M2’D2’, M3’D3’, M4’D4’. From the conventional converter
topology it is clear that the two sets of 2QSWs that there are
four combinations of two 2QSWs in inverse-parallel in the
dual buck converter. Each of the inverse-parallel connection of
2QSWs constitutes of four-quadrant switches (4QSW) which
provides control for turn-on and turn-off of current and
voltage blocking in forward and reverse directions.
Fig: 2 Conventional single-phase, dual ac-dc buck converter
fed four-quadrant, armature controlled, separately excited dc
machine drive
In the Conventional system, operation of the dual buck
converter in both the forward and reverse direction
corresponding a DC-drive in both the motoring and generating
actions are determined by the conditioning of the switching
states of the IGBT’s and are show in the below Table1.
Table1: Switching States Of 2QSWs In The Dual Buck
Converter
Converter
Operatrio
n
/Mode
Qua
d
(Q)
SET-I SET-2
Rectificat
ion
(Motorin
g)
I SMM switching
for a pattern
OFF
III OFF
SMM
switching for a
pattern
displaced by
180°
Inversion
(Generati
ng)
II
SMM switching
for a pattern
displaczed by
180°
OFF
IV OFF
SMM
switching for a
pattern
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 09 | Sep-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 302
The field winding terminals (F1,F2) of the DC drive are
excited by a separate dc voltage source and the armature
winding terminals (A1,A2) are connected to the dc side of the
buck converter.
The source voltage is chopped into required number of the
equidistant pulses for every half cycle (M) by symmetrical
multipulse modulation (SMM). Due to these equidistant pulses
the output voltage is practically free from even harmonics.
By varying the Duty cycle (δ) and number of equidistant pulse
for ever half cycle, the magnitude of the fundamental
component and that of the R.M.S value of the output voltage
and its harmonic profile can be continuously varied.
Both the strategies (M constant, δ varied & vice-versa) have
been implemented, to find the changes in the power quality
parameters viz. power factor and THD on the AC side have
been recorded and interpreted.
But on the DC side the constant load torque can be maintained
at constant load conditions. At variable load conditions in this
conventional system, constant load torque cannot be
maintained .As a result of these ac harmonic profiles at the
source side gets distorted. To overcome this problem in this
paper, closed loop system is implemented.
5. SIMULATION RESULTS OF CONVENTIONAL
SYSTEM BY SMM TECHNIQUE
In the multipulse modulation techniques as the pulses are of
equal width and are placed equidistant from each other so that
the usual reference and carrier wave control combination is
not required for generation and are pre-defined by digital logic
synchronized with a zero crossing detector output latched to
the ac side first harmonics frequency.
The H.V. side voltage in the SMM technique is controlled by
the number of pulses per half cycle (M) and their duty cycle
(δ).
Fig: 3.1 Quadrant I: H.V. ac side voltage for M = 6 & δ = 0.8
(Voltage vs Time)
Fig: 3.2 Quadrant I: H.V. ac side Current for M = 6 & δ = 0.8
(Current Vs Time)
Fig: 3.3 Quadrant I speed for M = 6 & δ = 0.8 (Speed Vs
Time)
Fig: 3.4 Quadrant I Mean Torque for M = 6 & δ = 0.8
(Torque Vs Time)
The characteristics of a DC drive in forward motoring mode
(Q-I) is obtained using SMM technique for M=6 and δ = 0.8
The duty cycle of the pulses has been kept in accordance with
the armature voltage for each quadrant.
Drawbacks:-
In the Normal open loop system, with the increase in the load,
Drive speed decreases, load voltage decreases automatically
torque required to drive the dc-drive decreases due to which
harmonics increases in the system as a result of this power
quality can’t be maintained properly. In the conventional
system with the introduction of SMM technique, power
quality can be maintained properly, but the dynamic response
of the system & stability cannot be achieved properly.
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 09 | Sep-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 303
6. SIMULATION BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
PROPOSED CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM BY SMM
TECHNIQUE
Fig: 4. Closed loop Block Diagram implementation of four
quadrant fed DC drive.
To overcome the Draw backs in the conventional system. A
New approach of closed loop fed four quadrant DC-drive
using SMM Technique is implemented as show in the fig 4.
In the proposed system with the changes in load voltage,
Speed of the DC-drive changes and this changed speed at the
load terminals (drive output) is compared with the reference
speed whose error signal is fed to a PI controller in order to
compensate the instantaneous errors and improve the dynamic
response of the system.
Steady state error signal (ess=0) is obtained as output of the
controller, which is compared with the repeating sequence
signal (saw-tooth) using a relational operator in order to
generate the gate pulses required to turn-on & turn-off of the
IGBT switches, these gate pulses are fed as feedback signal
(modified gate pulses) to one pair of IGBT switches. The same
feedback signal is fed to other pair of IGBT switches through
NOT gate in order to compare the displacement of the signal
supplied to the gate terminal of the switches for identifying of
both motoring and generating actions.
In the conventional method the SMM technique is
implemented by chopping the source voltage into required
number of the equidistant pulses for every half cycle (M) &
varying the duty cycle (δ) to maintain the constant torque at
the load terminals under variable load conditions using
armature control method.
In this paper the SMM techniques is implemented by varying
the duty cycle (δ) of the gate signal which are fed from the
feedback path to the IGBT switches .These pulses are varied
based up on the load conditions. As the load voltage is directly
proportional to the speed of the DC-drive. So, Speed is
considered as input to the controller in the feedback path
which are used to generate the gate pulses for the
implementation of SMM technique.
7. FOUR QUADRANT DC- DRIVE SIMULATION
IN CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM
The DC- drive parameters are considered to be positive in
anti-clockwise and negative in clockwise directions
respectively. The rotation of the DC- drive is said to be
forward in the anticlockwise direction (motoring) and reverse
in clockwise direction (generating). In a DC-drive the load
torque (TL) always opposes the electromagnetic torque (TM)
But In the motoring mode TM >TL. This implies that in the
motoring mode TM is the driving torque and therefore the
drive rotates at an angular speed(ω) in the same direction as
TM. In the generating mode, TL > TM i.e. TL is the driving
torque and, hence, the drive rotates at an angular speed (ω) in
the direction of TL.
The armature control method of the dc machine is
implemented by keeping the field excitation flux almost
constant and by applying varying voltages to the armature
winding. With the changes in the load conditions the duty
cycle (δ) and the number of pulses per half cycle (M) varies,
so as to ensure no adverse effect (In-adequate startup voltage,
etc.). With the reversing of the armature current Ia the
electromagnetic torque gets reversed. In this closed loop
implementation there are No filters for mitigating of ripples on
the dc link and harmonics on the ac side have been considered
in the simulation model.
System Parameters:
The parameters of the separately excited DC machine
considered in the simulation model are as follows:
Machine Rating: 5 H.P., 240V, 1750 RPM,Vf = 300V
Armature Winding: Ra = 2.581Ω, La = 0.028H
Field Winding: Rf = 281.3 Ω, Lf = 156H
Field-armature mutual inductance: Laf = 0.9483H
Total inertia: J = 0.02215Kg-m2
Viscous friction coefficient: Bm = 0.002953Nm-S
Coulomb friction torque: Tf = 0.5161Nm
Initial speed: 1rad/sec
Transformer Rating: 10KVA, 50Hz
L.V.Winding:V1 = 230V, R1 = 0.002p.u, L1 = 0.078p.u.
H.V. Winding:Vs =265V, R2 = 0.002p.u, L2 = 0.08p.u.
Core: Rm = 500p.u. Lm = 500p.u.
Vs= transformer H.V.side terminal voltage
(r.m.s value)
Vdc = average value of dc voltage of the converter
For Vdc = 240V (rated armature voltage corresponding to δ).
Note:
Assuming that all power electronic devices and alternating
voltage sources are to be ideal.
5. IJRET: International Journal of Resea
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Volume: 02 Issue: 09 | Sep-2013, Available @
8. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
A. Simulation Results
The simulation results (Characteristics) of Four quadrant DC
drive in a closed loop system referring to Quadrant
motoring mode), Quadrant-II ( forward generating mode),
Quadrant-III(reverse motoring mode), Quadrant
generating mode) are shown below in figs 5(a
d),figs 7(a-d), figs 8(a-d) respectively.
Fig5 (a) Quadrant I : H.V. ac side voltage
Fig5 (b) Quadrant I : H.V. ac side current
Fig.5(c) Quadrant I : Speed
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
The simulation results (Characteristics) of Four quadrant DC-
system referring to Quadrant-I (forward
II ( forward generating mode),
III(reverse motoring mode), Quadrant-IV (reverse
generating mode) are shown below in figs 5(a-d),figs 6(a-
Quadrant I : H.V. ac side voltage
Quadrant I : H.V. ac side current
Quadrant I : Speed
Fig5 (d) Quadrant I : Electro magnetic torque
Fig.6 (a) Quadrant II : H.V. ac side voltage
Fig.6 (b) Quadrant II : H.V. ac side current
Fig.6 (c)
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Quadrant I : Electro magnetic torque
Quadrant II : H.V. ac side voltage
Quadrant II : H.V. ac side current
(c) Quadrant II : Speed
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Fig.6 (d) Quadrant II : Electromagnetic torque
Fig.7 (a) Quadrant III : H.V. ac side voltage
Fig.7 (b) Quadrant III : H.V. ac side current
Fig.7 (c) Quadrant III : Speed
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Quadrant II : Electromagnetic torque
Quadrant III : H.V. ac side voltage
Quadrant III : H.V. ac side current
Quadrant III : Speed
Fig.7 (d) Quadrant III : Electromagnetic torque
Fig.8 (a) Quadrant IV : H.V. ac side voltage
Fig.8 (b) Quadrant IV : H.V. ac side current
Fig.8 (c)
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Quadrant III : Electromagnetic torque
Quadrant IV : H.V. ac side voltage
Quadrant IV : H.V. ac side current
Quadrant IV : Speed
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Fig.8 (d) Quadrant IV : Electromagnetic torque
From the figs 5 (a),6(a),7(a) & 8(a) it is clear that even under
variable load conditions pure sinusoidal ac voltage is
maintained at the input terminals of the IGBT bridge circuit
due to Closed loop operation. In the fig5 (b) forward
motoring , it is clear that the starting currents are low due to
which relatively softer start is achieved and the magnitude of
the starting torque is maximum fig5(d) because of the reduced
voltage. As the current increases, speed increases and dynamic
response is achieved fig5(c).
Similarly in the reverse motoring, High starting currents are
obtained fig7 (b) due to which initial torque is low and further
reaches to steady state fig 7(d). However in the both the
forward and reverse motoring mode the stead state torque is
same (Say 20 N-m).
From the fig 6(b) the transient current are initially low and
further increases with the increase in the current the torque
increases in reverse direction and reaches to stead state torque
fig 6(d). In the reverse generating mode, current shown in fig
8 (b) is similar to that of the fig 6(b) in forward generating
mode. In both the forward and reverse generating mode the
speed increases in their respective directions fig 6(c), fig8(c).
B. Discussions:
In the proposed closed loop system the SMM involved, in
multiple switching of conducting devices within the relevant
half cycle automatically based up on the load conditions and
the speed of the DC-drive which are very important in
implementing this technique. Low ripple content & harmonic
free armature current, smooth load torque are obtained by
placing freewheeling diode across the armature terminals. The
self-commutating devices employed in the converter using
SMM technique involve multiple pulses within a half cycle
(M) so, the duration of each pulse in every half cycle is small.
The duty cycle of the pulses is usually high (≈ >0.5) except,
during starting, therefore, the off-time is low. With the
increase in the loading , SMM technique provides improved
power quality in terms of reduced THD of the ac side current
(i, e if load increased, M & δ are high).
In comparison with the Conventional system the closed loop
system maintain qualitative power with reduced harmonic
distortion on A.C side, thus approximately Unity power factor
is obtained. Under high load conditions In conventional
system proper dynamic response cannot be obtained, but in
this proposed closed loop system faster dynamic response is
achieved for all load conditions by continuous monitoring of
the drive speed.
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper a new proposed closed loop system with SMM
technique for a separately excited dc machine drive in the four
quadrants of operation has been analyzed for reduction of
harmonic content, power quality improvement, faster dynamic
response and system stability. The experimental results were
found to be more improvised than the conventional system.
The harmonic analysis reveals that unity power factor is
achieved in the symmetrical multipulse modulation (SMM).
However, in SMM technique, the Total Harmonic Distortion
(THD) and harmonic reduction are achieved by changing the
number of pulses per half cycle and the duty cycle
automatically based on load variation and thus rendering easy
filtration.
REFERENCES
[1] A. N. Arvindan, Member, IEEE “Power Quality based
Performance Analysis of a Dual Buck Converter Fed
Four-Quadrant DC Drive” 978-1-4244-7882-8/11, 2011
[2] Bhim Singh, B.N. Singh, A. Chandra, Kamal Al-Haddad,
Ashish ,Pandey, and D.P. Kothari, “A Review of Single-Phase
Improved Power, Quality AC-DC Converters,’’ IEEE Trans.
Ind. Electron., vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 962-981, October 2003
[3] K. E. Addoweesh and A. L. Mohamadein,
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AC voltage regulators,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 5,
pp. 191-200, Apr.1990.
[4] A. N. Arvindan, V. K. Sharma and M. Subbiah, “Harmonic
Analysis of Microprocessor based Three-Phase Improved
Power Quality AC/AC Voltage Controller using Power
MOSFETs,” in Proc. IEEE ISIE’06, 2006, pp.763-768.
[5] A. N. Arvindan, “Power Quality Assessment in a Bi-
directional AC/AC Converter with Four-Quadrant Switch
Realizations” in Proc. IEEE TENCON’08, 2008,session P12.
[6] A. N. Arvindan and E. Karthik” Closed Loop Control of a
Symmetrical Multipulse Modulated Single-Phase Bi-
directional AC Regulator Feeding an Inductive Load”.
PEDS2009.
[7] IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for
Harmonics Control in Electric Power Systems, IEEE Std. 519,
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BIOGRAPHIES:
Mr. K.Girish Kumar, PG Scholar,
Department of Electrical & Electronics
Engineering, PBRVITS, Kavali, Currently
Pursuing Master of Technology in Power
Electronics Discipline
Mr. K. Manoj Sivakumar received the
B.Tech (EEE) in 2006 from PBRVITS
Kavali (Nellore Dist) A.P. M.Tech (Digital
systems & Computer Electronics) in 2009 -
2011. His research areas are Control Systems
and Renewable Energy Sources. Currently working as
Associate professor in PBRVITS Kavali (Nellore Dist) A.P
Mr. Ch. Srinivasulu Reddy received his
B.Tech (EEE) in 2002 from PBRVITS
Kavali (Nellore Dist) A.P., M.Tech in 2008
(Electrical Power Engineering) from JNTU
Hyderabad, A.P. His research areas are
Power Quality Improvement and Renewable
Energy Sources. Currently Working as HOD and Assoc.
professor in PBRVITS, Kavali