1) The document describes the study and implementation of a DC drive system using a PIC16F877A microcontroller.
2) An H-bridge configuration is used to control the speed and direction of a DC motor through pulse width modulation (PWM) signals generated by the microcontroller.
3) Simulation results show the motor's speed curve increases step-wise with duty cycle, demonstrating closed-loop control of the DC motor's speed.
Speed Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variationsijtsrd
Nowadays, Brushless DC motors are in high demand due to its high efficiency and other significant features. As there is no use of brushes, this type of motor is having many advantages like high torque to inertia ratio, high speed, and power density and low cost compared to conventional brushed motors. This paper determines speed torque characteristics of brushless dc motor with different load variation by using the proposed method and the developed controller. The variation in motor speed torque characteristics for half load, full load, and overloading condition is analyzed. This research has been conducted to analyze the model and compared with the simulation results which are very useful in studying the performance of motor system. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB Simulink environment. Ishita Gupta | Akash Varshney "Speed-Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31197.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31197/speedtorque-characteristics-of-bldc-motor-with-load-variations/ishita-gupta
Analysis of Induction Motor Speed Control Using SCADA Based Drive Operated Sy...IJSRD
This Paper represents the analysis of induction motor speed control using VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) system operated by PLC-SCADA system. The main aim of the paper is to dealt with the concept of speed control of a three-phase induction motor with energy saving. To do so, a VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) is used for controlling the speed of a three-phase induction motor with variable load attached to the motor. It certainly leads to the best performance and high efficiency of the induction motor. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) are two new systems to control a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) whose output is given to a three-phase induction motor and driving a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt has three sensors are inputs which senses a passing object and carries out the necessary instructions programmed in ladder logic programming of the PLC through the computer (PC). The SCADA software installed in the PC in turn enables the human operator to control the entire operation away from the plant and just by using the virtual inputs designated on his computer screen.
Project Report submitted By Munesh Kumar Singh, Aditya Vikram Singh, Anitya Kumar Shukla and Devendra Kumar for the award of B.Tech in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Kanpur Institute of Technology, Kanpur in 2012.
Speed Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variationsijtsrd
Nowadays, Brushless DC motors are in high demand due to its high efficiency and other significant features. As there is no use of brushes, this type of motor is having many advantages like high torque to inertia ratio, high speed, and power density and low cost compared to conventional brushed motors. This paper determines speed torque characteristics of brushless dc motor with different load variation by using the proposed method and the developed controller. The variation in motor speed torque characteristics for half load, full load, and overloading condition is analyzed. This research has been conducted to analyze the model and compared with the simulation results which are very useful in studying the performance of motor system. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB Simulink environment. Ishita Gupta | Akash Varshney "Speed-Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31197.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31197/speedtorque-characteristics-of-bldc-motor-with-load-variations/ishita-gupta
Analysis of Induction Motor Speed Control Using SCADA Based Drive Operated Sy...IJSRD
This Paper represents the analysis of induction motor speed control using VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) system operated by PLC-SCADA system. The main aim of the paper is to dealt with the concept of speed control of a three-phase induction motor with energy saving. To do so, a VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) is used for controlling the speed of a three-phase induction motor with variable load attached to the motor. It certainly leads to the best performance and high efficiency of the induction motor. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) are two new systems to control a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) whose output is given to a three-phase induction motor and driving a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt has three sensors are inputs which senses a passing object and carries out the necessary instructions programmed in ladder logic programming of the PLC through the computer (PC). The SCADA software installed in the PC in turn enables the human operator to control the entire operation away from the plant and just by using the virtual inputs designated on his computer screen.
Project Report submitted By Munesh Kumar Singh, Aditya Vikram Singh, Anitya Kumar Shukla and Devendra Kumar for the award of B.Tech in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Kanpur Institute of Technology, Kanpur in 2012.
Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PLC and SCADA SystemIJERA Editor
Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as
machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering and
stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some
processes have been completely automated. The motor speed is controlled via the driver as an open loop control.
To make a more precise closed loop control of motor speed we will use a tachometer to measure the speed and
feed it back to the PLC, which compares to the desired value and take a control action, then the signal is
transferred to the motor – via driver – to increase / decrease the speed. We will measure the speed of the motor
using an incremental rotary encoder by adjusting parameters (PLC, driver) and also we need to reduce the
overall cost of the system. Our control system will be held using the available Siemens PLC. In addition, we will
monitor motor parameters via SCADA system.
Analysis and control of four quadrant operation of three phase brushless dc (...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Implementation of pi, fuzzy & ann controllers to improve dynamic response...eSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays, vector controlled induction motor drives with variable speed applications are widely used in order to achieve good dynamic performance and wide speed control. In this paper a new method of controlling technique based on Artificial Neural Network is proposed to improve the speed control of indirect vector controlled induction motor drive. Indirect vector controlled induction motor with conventional PI controller is developed and is replaced with Fuzzy logic controller to overcome the problem of overshoot occurred in conventional PI controller. To obtain quick steady state response and better speed control, ANN technique is proposed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. In this paper the speed, torque and stator voltage responses with conventional PI controller, Fuzzy logic controller and proposed artificial neural network based controller are compared and found that the proposed ANN based controller showed increased dynamic performance. Keywords: ANN, FLC, PI controller, IVCIM
BLDC Motor Performance & Endurance Test Set up, consist Various types of Dynamometers & Control configurations as Manual Torque Control, PLC Controlled, PC Based Data Acquisition.
BLDC Motors, as they are compact in size, lighter in weight & Most Efficient than other Electric Motors, They are used as Hub Motor Electric Vehicles –Scooters, Electric Bicycle, BLDC Shafted Motors for Solar Power Submersible Pumps, Sump Pumps, for various applications in Automotive, Aerospace, Military, Medical, Lifts, Cranes, Elevators,
Air Condition & Refrigerator Compressors, Fans, Cleaners-Scrubbers, Sweepers, Lawn movers, Trade mills & fitness equipments & many more applications.
Dynamometers employed to test motors are:
Powder Dynamometers, Eddy Current dynamometers, Tandem Dynamometers, AC Regenerative dynamometers,
DC regenerative dynamometers.
Our Proprietary APPSYS MOTOR TEST software developed, using National Instruments LabView Platform, for BLDC Motor test, to monitor & display Motor Electrical Input Power, Mechanical Output Power,Motor Efficiency, Input Voltage, Current, Power Factor, Motor No Load Current, Full Load Current,No Load & Full Load Speed, No Load & Full Load Torque,Motor temperature, Bearing temperature, Winding temperature, etc.
PC based Motor test set up consist: Window XP /Win7 operating systems, PC hardware & PCI Data Card with necessary Digital & Analogueinputs & outputs, Power analyzer, Electrical Input Power (Motor Power Sensor to sense Motor Power -To monitor Motorelectrical Input Power & for Calculation of efficiency) & Mechanical Output Power –Speed &Torque, Efficiency are displayed on Monitor & stored in tabular form &graphs in MS Excel format.
PC Auto & PC Manual mode selector Soft push button switch on Monitorscreen. In PC Auto mode, Data is captured on predetermined (Site settable) time & Torque Loading in 100 steps (independently settable), whereas in PCManual mode –Data is captured manually by pressing data capture soft buttonon screen. Captured data is exported to MS Excel in Table forms & inGraphs form to showTorque-Speed characteristics, Torque-Current and Speed-Current, Efficiency characteristics,Torque-Speed Oscillations at steady stateTorque at different temperatures, Temp measurements etc.& custom characteristics required by clients.
Accessories such as Motor Temperature, Winding Temperature measurements, Motors mounting Test bed, Test Stands with T slot having X, Y & Z adjustment for Length, Width & Height adjustments is also offered along with dynamometer
SPEED SYNCHRONIZATION OF MASTER –SLAVE D.C. MOTORS USING MICROCONTROLLER, FOR...Editor IJMTER
In textile industry many processes require speed synchronization of more than one motors involved in the process. Rolling of cloth should be synchronized with the speed of weaving spindle to avoid damage and motor speed synchronization is vital in conveyor belt driven by multiple motors. Abrupt load variations may cause hunting or oscillatory behavior in d. c. machines. This behavior can be detrimental to the process. The digitally controlled d. c. machines can have much aggravated phenomenon owing to poor sampling period selection. Traditionally processes are synchronized through mechanical transmission system consisting of a line shaft gears, pullers etc. Among the available software mechanisms master-slave synchronization is a widely used technique. Multi-motor applications have become very attractive field in industrial applications replacing in traditional mechanical coupling. Many textile applications involved synchronized speed motors. For example wrapping of clothes should be synchronized with the speed of weaving spindle to avoid damage and Similarly in some cases the speed of long conveyor belt driven by multiple motors is need to be constant. In such types of applications master slave technique is used as a software mechanism to synchronize the speed of different motors to avoid damage.
A NEW APPROACH TO DTC METHOD FOR BLDC MOTOR ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVEScscpconf
This paper proposes a new approach to direct torque control (DTC) method for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. In conventional DTC method, two main reference parameters are used as: flux and torque. In this paper, the new approach has been proposed to improve the BLDC motor dynamic performance. A main difference from the conventional method of it was that only one reference parameter (speed) was used to control the BLDC motor and the second control parameter (flux) was obtained from speed error through the proposed control algorithm. Thus, the DTC performance has been especially improved on systems which need variable speed and torque during operation, like electric vehicles. The dynamic models of the BLDC and the DTC method have been created on Matlab/Simulink. The proposed method has been confirmed and verified by the dynamic simulations on different working conditions.
Performance analysis of a single phase ac voltage controller under induction ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Flexible Closed Loop PMDC Motor Speed Control System for Precise PositioningWaqas Tariq
The speed control of DC motor is very significant especially in applications where precision is of great importance. Due to its ease of controllability the DC motor is used in many industrial applications requiring variable speed and load characteristics. So the precise speed control of a DC motor is very crucial in industry. In this case microcontrollers play a vital role for the flexible control of DC motors. This current research work investigates the implementation of an ATmega8L microcontroller for the speed control of DC motor fed by a DC chopper. The chopper is driven by a high frequency PWM signal. Controlling the PWM duty cycle is equivalent to controlling the motor terminal voltage, which in turn adjusts directly the motor speed. H-bridge circuit is implemented for the bi-directional control of the motor. A prototype of permanent magnet DC motor speed control system using the microcontroller is developed and tested.
Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Using PLC under Open and Closed ...IJERA Editor
In today’s world industries demand process automation in all sectors, because automation results in better quality, increased production and reduced costs. The variable speed drives which can control the speed of AC/DC motors are indispensable controlling elements in automation systems. Depending on the application some of them are fixed speed and some of them are variable speed drives. The objective of the work is to monitor and control the speed of an Induction motor under various operating conditions such as no load and on load driven by AC Drive using programmable logic controller.
Study on soundness of reinforced concrete structures by ndt approacheSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PLC and SCADA SystemIJERA Editor
Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as
machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering and
stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some
processes have been completely automated. The motor speed is controlled via the driver as an open loop control.
To make a more precise closed loop control of motor speed we will use a tachometer to measure the speed and
feed it back to the PLC, which compares to the desired value and take a control action, then the signal is
transferred to the motor – via driver – to increase / decrease the speed. We will measure the speed of the motor
using an incremental rotary encoder by adjusting parameters (PLC, driver) and also we need to reduce the
overall cost of the system. Our control system will be held using the available Siemens PLC. In addition, we will
monitor motor parameters via SCADA system.
Analysis and control of four quadrant operation of three phase brushless dc (...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Implementation of pi, fuzzy & ann controllers to improve dynamic response...eSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays, vector controlled induction motor drives with variable speed applications are widely used in order to achieve good dynamic performance and wide speed control. In this paper a new method of controlling technique based on Artificial Neural Network is proposed to improve the speed control of indirect vector controlled induction motor drive. Indirect vector controlled induction motor with conventional PI controller is developed and is replaced with Fuzzy logic controller to overcome the problem of overshoot occurred in conventional PI controller. To obtain quick steady state response and better speed control, ANN technique is proposed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. In this paper the speed, torque and stator voltage responses with conventional PI controller, Fuzzy logic controller and proposed artificial neural network based controller are compared and found that the proposed ANN based controller showed increased dynamic performance. Keywords: ANN, FLC, PI controller, IVCIM
BLDC Motor Performance & Endurance Test Set up, consist Various types of Dynamometers & Control configurations as Manual Torque Control, PLC Controlled, PC Based Data Acquisition.
BLDC Motors, as they are compact in size, lighter in weight & Most Efficient than other Electric Motors, They are used as Hub Motor Electric Vehicles –Scooters, Electric Bicycle, BLDC Shafted Motors for Solar Power Submersible Pumps, Sump Pumps, for various applications in Automotive, Aerospace, Military, Medical, Lifts, Cranes, Elevators,
Air Condition & Refrigerator Compressors, Fans, Cleaners-Scrubbers, Sweepers, Lawn movers, Trade mills & fitness equipments & many more applications.
Dynamometers employed to test motors are:
Powder Dynamometers, Eddy Current dynamometers, Tandem Dynamometers, AC Regenerative dynamometers,
DC regenerative dynamometers.
Our Proprietary APPSYS MOTOR TEST software developed, using National Instruments LabView Platform, for BLDC Motor test, to monitor & display Motor Electrical Input Power, Mechanical Output Power,Motor Efficiency, Input Voltage, Current, Power Factor, Motor No Load Current, Full Load Current,No Load & Full Load Speed, No Load & Full Load Torque,Motor temperature, Bearing temperature, Winding temperature, etc.
PC based Motor test set up consist: Window XP /Win7 operating systems, PC hardware & PCI Data Card with necessary Digital & Analogueinputs & outputs, Power analyzer, Electrical Input Power (Motor Power Sensor to sense Motor Power -To monitor Motorelectrical Input Power & for Calculation of efficiency) & Mechanical Output Power –Speed &Torque, Efficiency are displayed on Monitor & stored in tabular form &graphs in MS Excel format.
PC Auto & PC Manual mode selector Soft push button switch on Monitorscreen. In PC Auto mode, Data is captured on predetermined (Site settable) time & Torque Loading in 100 steps (independently settable), whereas in PCManual mode –Data is captured manually by pressing data capture soft buttonon screen. Captured data is exported to MS Excel in Table forms & inGraphs form to showTorque-Speed characteristics, Torque-Current and Speed-Current, Efficiency characteristics,Torque-Speed Oscillations at steady stateTorque at different temperatures, Temp measurements etc.& custom characteristics required by clients.
Accessories such as Motor Temperature, Winding Temperature measurements, Motors mounting Test bed, Test Stands with T slot having X, Y & Z adjustment for Length, Width & Height adjustments is also offered along with dynamometer
SPEED SYNCHRONIZATION OF MASTER –SLAVE D.C. MOTORS USING MICROCONTROLLER, FOR...Editor IJMTER
In textile industry many processes require speed synchronization of more than one motors involved in the process. Rolling of cloth should be synchronized with the speed of weaving spindle to avoid damage and motor speed synchronization is vital in conveyor belt driven by multiple motors. Abrupt load variations may cause hunting or oscillatory behavior in d. c. machines. This behavior can be detrimental to the process. The digitally controlled d. c. machines can have much aggravated phenomenon owing to poor sampling period selection. Traditionally processes are synchronized through mechanical transmission system consisting of a line shaft gears, pullers etc. Among the available software mechanisms master-slave synchronization is a widely used technique. Multi-motor applications have become very attractive field in industrial applications replacing in traditional mechanical coupling. Many textile applications involved synchronized speed motors. For example wrapping of clothes should be synchronized with the speed of weaving spindle to avoid damage and Similarly in some cases the speed of long conveyor belt driven by multiple motors is need to be constant. In such types of applications master slave technique is used as a software mechanism to synchronize the speed of different motors to avoid damage.
A NEW APPROACH TO DTC METHOD FOR BLDC MOTOR ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVEScscpconf
This paper proposes a new approach to direct torque control (DTC) method for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. In conventional DTC method, two main reference parameters are used as: flux and torque. In this paper, the new approach has been proposed to improve the BLDC motor dynamic performance. A main difference from the conventional method of it was that only one reference parameter (speed) was used to control the BLDC motor and the second control parameter (flux) was obtained from speed error through the proposed control algorithm. Thus, the DTC performance has been especially improved on systems which need variable speed and torque during operation, like electric vehicles. The dynamic models of the BLDC and the DTC method have been created on Matlab/Simulink. The proposed method has been confirmed and verified by the dynamic simulations on different working conditions.
Performance analysis of a single phase ac voltage controller under induction ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Flexible Closed Loop PMDC Motor Speed Control System for Precise PositioningWaqas Tariq
The speed control of DC motor is very significant especially in applications where precision is of great importance. Due to its ease of controllability the DC motor is used in many industrial applications requiring variable speed and load characteristics. So the precise speed control of a DC motor is very crucial in industry. In this case microcontrollers play a vital role for the flexible control of DC motors. This current research work investigates the implementation of an ATmega8L microcontroller for the speed control of DC motor fed by a DC chopper. The chopper is driven by a high frequency PWM signal. Controlling the PWM duty cycle is equivalent to controlling the motor terminal voltage, which in turn adjusts directly the motor speed. H-bridge circuit is implemented for the bi-directional control of the motor. A prototype of permanent magnet DC motor speed control system using the microcontroller is developed and tested.
Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Using PLC under Open and Closed ...IJERA Editor
In today’s world industries demand process automation in all sectors, because automation results in better quality, increased production and reduced costs. The variable speed drives which can control the speed of AC/DC motors are indispensable controlling elements in automation systems. Depending on the application some of them are fixed speed and some of them are variable speed drives. The objective of the work is to monitor and control the speed of an Induction motor under various operating conditions such as no load and on load driven by AC Drive using programmable logic controller.
Study on soundness of reinforced concrete structures by ndt approacheSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Offline signature identification using high intensity variations and cross ov...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Ultrasonic study of some amino acids in aqueous salt solution of kno3 at 303....eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Smfir technology based transportation system and applicability of mppteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An experimental study of square footing resting on geo grid reinforced sandeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Load balancing in public cloud combining the concepts of data mining and netw...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Bi directional speed control of dc motor and stepper motor through mat lab us...eSAT Journals
Abstract In any industry speed control of an electric drive system is very critical and crucial. Every designer aims at achieving a control methodology having high degree of precision. But industry needs are ever evolving in nature. Hence it is very much essential that along with conventional speed control mechanisms we must also have simple interactive graphical based control strategies. Several algorithms/methodologies have been developed over the years to achieve speed control of motors. In this context by encompassing the usability of Mat Lab, work has been done to control the speed of stepper motor and DC motor using microcontroller. Microcontroller is programmed to achieve bi directional speed control. The main objective of this work is to develop the graphical user interface of motor control through mat Lab guide and the interface of the same with hardware via serial communication. PIC is used as the controller. Keywords— DC, PIC, μC, AC, GUI, IC
FOUR QUADRANT SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLERJournal For Research
Speed control of a machine is the most vital and important part in any industrial organization. This paper is designed to develop a four quadrant speed control system for a DC motor using microcontroller. The motor is operated in four quadrants i.e. clockwise, counter clock-wise, forward brake and reverse brake. It also has a feature of speed control. The four quadrant operation of the dc motor is best suited for industries where motors are used and as per requirement they can rotate in clockwise, counter-clockwise and also apply brakes immediately in both the directions. In case of a specific operation in industrial environment, the motor needs to be stopped immediately. In such scenario, this proposed system is very apt as forward brake and reverse brake are its integral features. Instantaneous brake in both the directions happens as a result of applying a reverse voltage across the running motor for a brief period and the speed control of the motor can be achieved with the PWM pulses generated by the microcontroller. The microcontroller used in this project is from 8051 family. Push buttons are provided for the operation of the motor which are interfaced to the microcontroller that provides an input signal to it and controls the speed of the motor through a motor driver IC. The speed and direction of DC motor has been observed on digital CRO. Microcontroller programming has been written in assembly language by using notepad and it has been converted in hex file by using micro vision Kiel. The burning of programming in the 8051 microcontroller chip has been done by using positron boot loader software.
Implementation of Bldc Motor Based Water Pump for Automotive Vehicletheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Simulation DC Motor Speed Control System by using PID Controllerijtsrd
Speed control system is the most common control algorithm used in industry and has been universally accepted in industrial control. One of the applications used here is to control the speed of the DC motor. Controlling the speed of a DC motor is very important as any small change can lead to instability of the closed loop system. The aim of this thesis is to show how DC motor can be controlled by using PID controller in MATLAB. The development of the PID controller with the mathematical model of DC motor is done using automatic tuning method. The PID parameter is to be test with an actual motor also with the PID controller in MATLAB Simulink. In this paper describe the results to demonstrate the effectiveness and the proposed of this PID controller produce significant improvement control performance and advantages of the control system DC motor. Mrs Khin Ei Ei Khine | Mrs Win Mote Mote Htwe | Mrs Yin Yin Mon ""Simulation DC Motor Speed Control System by using PID Controller"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25114.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/25114/simulation-dc-motor-speed-control-system-by-using-pid-controller/mrs-khin-ei-ei-khine
Active power and current control for a modular multilevel converter (mmc) bas...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Dc motor speed control with feedback monitor based on c# applicationeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
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Study and implementation of dc drive using pic16 f877a microcontroller
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 621
STUDY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DC DRIVE USING PIC16F877A
MICROCONTROLLER
Pathik A. Kapadiya1
, Ishan R. Shah2
, Nirav D. Mehta3
1
UG Student, Department of Power Electronics, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat,
India
2
UG Student, Department of Power Electronics, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat,
India
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Power Electronics, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Ahmedabad,
Gujarat, India
Abstract
In recent world, electrical equipment’s like DC motor, AC motor, transformer etc. are the most common devices. In many industrial as
well as domestic applications, the dc motors are needed to be operated either on variable speed or constant speed along with its
forward and reverse operation. In this paper, the digital controller based control for DC drives is presented for the effective control of
the output, when there is a sudden change in the input parameters. An assembly language program has been built for the
programmable PIC16F877A microcontroller which controls the various functions of DC drive. The main objective of control is to get
the desired output and keep the motor or drive safe in case of any fault occurred. Initially microcontroller has been used for the gating
purpose for power electronics switches. Introducing a microcontroller based scheme facilitates the new DC drive system to deal with
the various changes in the system and helps in maintaining the safe operation of the system.
Keywords—DCMotor,Microcontroller,PWMtechnique,Dutycycle
----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
onverter-fed separately excited DC motors are widely used
in industrial applications requiring a wide range of speed
control and/or frequent starting, breaking, and reversing. The
continuous operation of a motor is required in some
applications like rolling mills, printing press, mine winders
etc. For that the motor is needed to be operated with desired
speeds for different time periods along with forward and
reverse motion. To control such parameters of the motor, the
drive circuit is employed either by analog means or digital
means. The microcontroller or processor based systems have
gained prominence. They have certain inherent advantages
over their analog counterparts like higher accuracy, drift free
performance, better noise immunity, etc. In addition, they also
afford flexibility, provide fault diagnostics, and facilitate easy
trouble shooting. Initially the microcontroller can be
programed to generate the firing pulses for power electronics
switching devices like MOSFET or IGBT. The program can
be developed further for controlling various parameters of the
DC motor like acceleration and deceleration, forward and
reverse operation etc. These all controlling depends on the
sampling signals which are measured from the DC motor the
armature voltage of the motor and field current of the motor
[1]. Apart from this, some of the unwanted conditions like
short circuit, under voltage, over current, earthing cause
hazardous effects on the motor system. So that the
microcontroller based protection scheme for the motor can
also be developed to overcome such faulty conditions.
Thus, the robust and multi-purpose peripheral circuit system
can be obtained using the intelligent microcontroller IC. Also
the supervisory control for all the essential parameter can be
obtained with the help of a single microcontroller IC. [2]
2. CONVENTIONAL DC DRIVE
In modern electrical drive system, about 50% of the total
energy is consumed by the drives which may be either
constant speed drives or variable speed drives. The 75% of the
system has application with constant speed drives in which
energy is wasted across the load like throttling valve or any
other parameter of interest. Using solid state control of drives,
machine speed is adjusted in such a way that it delivers the
required flow rate or any other parameter of interest
efficiently.
The demerits associated in the system for implementing other
performance requirements with such system are: system
becomes bulky, inefficient and inflexible to the change
parameters. It is clear that the losses are much more in
constant speed drives as compared to the variable speed
drives. In conventionally analog control scheme,
implementation is done by the hardwired electronics. Also the
C
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 622
non-linearity of speed sensors poses the problem in efficient
control of speed of dc drives. The demerits further associated
with such control are its temperature dependency and
requirement of major changes. [2]
Earlier when power electronics converters were not available,
the ac motor and dc generator were coupled to drive the dc
motor. On contrary to this the microcomputer based control
has the merits of software implementation which in turn
makes the system reliable and flexible in nature. The control is
precise and faster in operation as it depends on the
programming for the microcontroller.
Fig 1 conventional dc drive
Also the numbers of analog ICs are reduced due to software
implementation by means of some instruction sets. Thus, in
recent era, it is more advisable and convenient to use the
microcontroller for motor operating system. PIC
microcontroller is employed for the motor control operation
frequently.
3. MICROCONTROLLER BASED SINGLE PHASE
DC DRIVE
Fig 2 basic block diagram of microcontroller based dc drive
The main functional blocks are as follows:
Power electronics modulator (H Bridge MOSFET)
Speed measurement
Controller circuit
Driver circuit
Snubber circuit
The block diagram for single-phase DC motor drive using
microcontroller is shown in the
Fig 2. Thus the DC supply is needed for the drive. The power
circuit contains microcontroller based pulse generation for
triggering of power devices used in converters. Here the
MOSFET H-bridge is employed. The control technique is of
closed loop type. The microcontroller unit controls the DC
motor by processing its controlling parameters that are speed
and current signals. In closed feedback loop system, the motor
voltage magnitude and polarity can be controlled. Similarly
the motor current magnitude and polarity can be controlled.
Therefore the motor is allowed to be operated in all four
quadrants of V-I plane. [3] Pushbuttons as well as LCD screen
is also interfaced here to set various parameters for motor
operation like: Acceleration and Deceleration in step speed of
the motor.
4. H BRIDGE CONFIGURATION
H Bridge is electronic power circuit that allows a motor speed
and direction to be controlled.Often motors are controlled
from some kind of “brain” or microcontroller to accomplish a
mechanical goal.The microcontroller provides a instructions to
the motor but it can not provide the power required to drive
the motor.An H Bridge circuit inputs a microcontroller
instruction and amplifies them to drive a mechanical
motor.The H Bridge take a small electrical signal and translate
it into high power output for the mechanical motor.[4]
The Basic operating mode of an H-Bridge is fairly simple: If
Q3 and Q2 are turned on, the left lead of the motor will be
connected to ground, while the right lead is connected to the
power supply. Current starts following through the motor
which energizes the motor in forward direction and the motor
shaft starts spinning. If Q1 and Q4 are turned on, the converse
will happen, the motor get energies in the reverse direction,
and the shaft will start spinning that way. If less than full
speed operation is intended both of the switches are controlled
with PWM fashion. The average voltage seen by the motor
will be determined by the ration between ON and OFF time of
the PWM signal.[4]
H Bridge
MOSFET
Driver Circuit
Controller
PIC 16F877A
Snubber
Circuit
MOSFET gate
pulse
Analog
Feedback
DC Source
Dc Motor
Vf
Lf
Wr
Reference
Speed
Measurement
M
Optoisolator
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 623
Fig 3 conducting mosfet in forward and reverse direction[4]
5. SIMULATION OF H BRIDGE
Fig 4 matlab simulation of mosfet h-bridge for dc drive
The simulation for the H-bridge Configuration along with
diode rectifier is carried out and using MATLAB Simulink
r2013a with discrete simulation type which has the solver
ode23t (mod. Stiff/trapezoidal). Circuit for the same is shown
in the FIGURE 4. DC machine is drawn by two of the
MOSFETs at a time.
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 624
Fig 5 simulation results for forward operation of a motor
The simulation results for the motor parameters are shown in
the FIGURE 5 with 50% duty cycle of the PWM. The
waveform indicates the motor speed curve for the forward
rotation of the motor, armature current curve, motor torque
and field current curve. It is clearly indicated in the speed
curve that the speed is increased in a step manner depending
upon the PWM pulses. The PIC16f877a can be programed
such that it generates PWM with various duty cycle
accordingly the speed requirement.
6. MICROCONTROLLER
The PIC16f877a microcontroller has a following features:
Only 35 single-word instructions to learn. Timer0:8-bit
timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler. Timer1:16-bit
timer/counter with prescaler can be incremented during Sleep
via external Crystal/clock. Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-
bit period register, prescaler and postscaler. Two Capture,
Compare, PWM (CCP) modules: Capture is of 16-bit with
maximum resolution 12.5 ns; Compare is of 16-bit with
maximum resolution 200 ns; PWM maximum resolution is 10-
bit, 100,000 erase/write cycle Enhanced Flash program
memory typical, 1,000,000 erase/write cycle Data EEPROM
memory typical Data. EEPROM Retention > 40 years. Self-
reprogrammable under software control. [5]
7. PWM TECHNIQUE
A simplest method to control the rotation speed of DC motor
is to control the driving voltage. The higher the voltage the
higher the speed motor tries to reach. In many application
simple voltage regulation would cause a lot of power loss in
control circuit, so Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used in
many DC motor controlling application. The rapid rising and
falling edges ensure that the semiconductor power devices are
turned on or turned off as fast as practically possible to
minimize the switching transition time and the associated
switching losses.
Although other considerations, such as parasitic ringing and
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) emission, may impose an
upper limit on the turn-on and turn-off speed in practical
situations, the resulting finite rise and fall time can be ignored
in the analysis of PWM signals and processes in most cases.
The average value of voltage fed to the load is controlled by
turning the switch between supply and load ON and OFF at a
fast pace. The longer the switch is ON compared to the OFF
periods, the higher the power supplied to the load is. The term
duty cycle describes the proportion of ON time to the regular
interval or period of time, a low duty cycle corresponds to low
power, because the power is OFF for most of the time. Duty
cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully ON.
PWM control technique also allows the switching frequency
increment due to the simplicity of the control strategy and the
availability of fast switching devices with reasonably power
ratings [3].
Fig 6 pwm waveform with different duty cycle
The PWM pulses are generated using PIC16F877A and the
FIGURE 6 illustrates the waveforms for the various duty
cycle. When this pulses are fed to the MOSFET gate terminal
through a gate driver circuit, the average voltage between the
two terminals of motor in H-bridge are nearer to its maximum
value.
The flowchart given in the FIGURE 7 illustrates a basic PWM
generation using microcontroller. Here the PWM pulse will be
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 625
given to feedback path and according to required duty cycle it
will adjust required value of certain registers.
Fig 7 flowchart of pwm generation
8. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, the drawbacks of a conventional Drive system
are discussed following by the latest microcontroller based
Drive system. PIC16F877A is preferable for the PWM based
control system as it contains in-built PWM mode. Also the DC
Drive system undergoes a good system response as the PWM
control technique provides a soft starting to the motor so the
starting high current can be limited which is supposed to be
drawn by the motor from the mains. MOSFET H-bridge
configuration provides bi-directional speed control by driving
the appropriate pairs of MOSFETs.
REFERENCES
[1] Theraja, B. L., & Theraja, A. k. (2005). A Textbook of
Electrical Technology-volume 2. S.Chand.
[2] Dubey, G. K. (2001). Fundamentals of Electrical
Drives. Narosa.
[3] Tamer H. Abdelhamid, “Performance of Single-Phase
DC Drive System Controlled by Uniform PWM Full-
Bridge DC-DC Converter” 10th
Mediterranean
Electrotechnical Conference, MEleCon 2000, Vol. III
[4] Tantos, A. (2011). Retrieved from
modularcircuits:http://www.modularcircuits.com/h-
bridge_secrets1.htm
[5] (1998). Retrieved from Microchip:
https://www.microchip.com/pagehandler/en-
us/products/picmicrocontrollers