This document discusses the anatomy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It describes the turbinates, meati, ostia and their locations. It outlines three passes through the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, noting the structures encountered in each pass. It also discusses the location, pneumatization, septa, landmarks and variations of the sphenoid sinus.

1. Dr ZEESHAN AHMAD
SR (Neuro-otology)
Department of Neurosurgery
SGPGIMS, Lucknow

5.  Turbinates
 Meati
 Ostia

6.  Inferior turbinate – separate bone
 Inferior meatus – NLD opening

7.  Middle turbinate – attachment planes
 Middle meatus – intricate anatomy
 Uncinate
 Hiatus
 Infundibulum
 Bulla ethmoidalis
 Maxillary os
 Frontal recess

9.  Superior turbinate – olfactory epithelium
 Supeior meatus – posterior ethmoids
 Supreme turbinate – sometimes

18.  Sphenopalatine
 Posterior lateral nasal
 Nasoseptal
 Vidian
 Descending palatine

20.  First pass
 Vestibule
 Nasal valve
 Inferior turbinate
 Choana
 Nasopharynx post and superior wall
 Eustachian tube
 Contralateral ET and Rosenmuller recess
 Inferior meatus and NLD

21.  Second pass
 Choana – upper edge
 Sphenoethmoidal recess
 Superior and supreme turbinates
 Sphenoid ostium
 Posterior aspect of olfactory fossa

22.  Third pass
 Sphenopalatine area
 Uncinate process
 Hiatus semilunaris
 Maxillary os – acc/nat
 Ethmoial infundibulum
 Ethmoidal bulla
 Frontal recess
 Olfactory fossa anterior aspect

23.  Location
 Pneumatization
 Septa (optic 7%, ICA 40%)
 Onodi
 Ostium
 Landmarks

25.  Conchal – 3%
 Presellar – 11%
 Sellar – 59%
 Mixed – 27%
 ---Extensive

27.  Never midline
 (optic 7%, ICA 40%)