Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain that is typically caused by a viral infection or the immune system attacking brain tissue by mistake. There are two main types - primary encephalitis, which occurs when a virus directly infects the brain/spinal cord, and secondary encephalitis, where the immune system treats healthy brain cells as foreign. Symptoms can range from mild like fever and headache to more severe things like confusion and seizures. Diagnosis involves examinations, scans, tests of cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, reducing inflammation, and in some cases using antivirals.

2. Encephalitis is the acute inflammation of the brain
resulting either from a viral infection or when the
body own immune system mistakenly attacks
brain tissue.The most common cause is viral
infection.
There are two main types of encephalitis:
1. primary and
2.secondary.

3.  Primary encephalitis occurs when a virus
directly infects the brain and spinal cord.
 Arbovirus (e,g. Japanese encephalitis)
 Enterovirus (e.g poliovirus)
 Herpes simplex
 Mumps, measles
 HIV
 Cytomegalovvirus (CMV)
 Epstein-BarrVirus (EBV)

4.  Adenovirus
 Influenza
 Rabies
 Rubella
 Varicella zoster

5.  Secondary encephalitis:
 The patients immune system treat healthy
brain cells as foreign organism and destroy
them

6.  Age. Some types of encephalitis are more common or more
severe in certain age groups. In general, young children and
older adults are at greater risk of most types of viral
encephalitis.
 Weakened immune system. People who have HIV/AIDS,
take immune-suppressing drugs or have another condition
causing a weakened immune system are at increased risk of
encephalitis.
 Geographical regions. Mosquito- or tick-borne viruses are
common in particular geographical regions.
 Season of the year. Mosquito- and tick-borne diseases tend
to be more common.

7.  Mild symptoms include:
 fever
 headache
 vomiting
 stiff neck
 lethargy (exhaustion)
 Sore throat

8. Severe symptoms include:
 fever of 103°F (39.4°C) or higher
 confusion
 drowsiness
 hallucinations
 slower movements
 coma
 seizures
 irritability
 sensitivity to light
 unconsciousness

9.  Histroy collection, physical examination
 CSF examination
 Brain imaging with CT scan or MRI
 Electroencephalograph (EEG)
 Blood tests
 Brain biopsy

10.  loss of memory
 behavioral/personality changes
 epilepsy
 fatigue
 physical weakness
 intellectual disability
 lack of muscle coordination
 vision problems
 hearing problems
 speaking issues
 coma
 difficulty breathing
 death

11.  rest
 pain killers
 corticosteroids (to reduce brain inflammation)
 mechanical ventilation (to help with breathing)
 lukewarm sponge baths
 anticonvulsants (to prevent or stop seizures)
 sedatives (for restlessness, aggressiveness, and
irritability)
 fluids (sometimes through an IV)
 antiviral

12.  Maintain adequate oxygenation
-administer oxygen therapy
-assess frequently for sign of dyspnea and
cyanosis
 Protect patient from injury
-putting the cot’s side rail up
-observing frequently
 administer basic hygiene care

13.  Control high temperature
 Remove excess body cloth
 Give tepid bath, if temperature is high
 Administer antipyretic drugs
 Maintain a cool room temperature
 Lessen headache
 Elevate the head to 30 degrees
 Apply ice pack
 Maintain quite dark environment
 Administer analgesics, if ordered