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encephalitis.pptx bsc nursing students med surg
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- 3. DEFINITION • Encephalitis anacute inflammation of the brain in a serious and sometimes fatal disease. • Encephalitis is acute inflammation of the brain resulting either from a viral infection or when the body‘s own immune system mistakenly attacks brain tissue
- 4. Etiology • Viral infection •Bacterial and other infection • Limbic system encephalitis • Autoimmune encephalitis
- 5. Risk Factors • Newborns •Elderly • Any condition that weakens the immune system • Diabetes • Organ transplant • Those who are taking medications to prevent organ rejection • Chemotherapy
- 6. Cont.. • The administrationof medications that kill cancer cells • AIDS • Exposure to mosquitoes that carry the viruses • Travel to areas where encephalitis is common
- 7. Clinical features • Nosymptoms or mild flu like symptoms, such as • Headache • Fever • Confusion • Sometimes seizures • Aches in muscle or joints • Fatigue or weakness
- 8. Cont.. More serious cases •Severe headache • Fever • Altered consciousness • Confusion or agitation • Personality changes • Seizures
- 9. Cont.. • Loss ofsensation or paralysis in certain areas of the body • Muscle weakness • Hallucinations • Double vision • Perception of foul smells • Problems wit[h speech or hearing • Loss of consciousness
- 10. Types • Primary Encephalitis Herpessimplex encephalitis Arboviral encephalitis Rabies encephalitis • Secondary encephalitis • Infectious encephalitis • Autoimmune encephalitis
- 11. Diagnosis • Neurological examination •Brain MRI • CT scan of the head • Culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, or urine • Electroencephalogram (EEG) • Lumbar puncture and CSF examination • Tests that detect antibodies to a virus (serology tests) • Test that detects tiny amounts of virus DNA (polymerase chain reaction -- PCR)
- 12. Treatment • Supportive treatment •Antiviral medications, such as acyclovir (Zovirax) and foscarnet (Foscavir) • Antibiotics • Anti-seizure medications ( phenytoin) • Steroids ( dexamethasone) • Sedatives • Acetaminophen for fever and headache brain
- 13. Prevention • Vaccines • Controllingmosqutioes
- 14. Complications • Loss ofmemory • Behavioural changes • Epilepsy • aphasia
- 15. Nursing management • Hyperthermiarelated to the infectious process and cerebral edema as manifested by fever and tachycardia • Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume related to fever and decreased intake • Ineffective Tissue Perfusion (cerebral) related to infectious process and cerebral edema
- 16. Cont.. • Acute Painrelated to meningeal irritation • Impaired Physical Mobility related to prolonged bed rest • Impaired thought process • Ineffective Tissue Perfusion related to increased intracranial pressure. • High risk of infection associated with lower body resistance to infection • High risk of injury associated with seizure activity.