define term , patho, treatmen

1. ENCEPHLITIS
Mrs. Safoora
Qureshi
Nursing Instructor
CON , PIMS

2. Encephalitis:
• Encephalitis is an acute inflammation
of brain
• Is an infective or inflammatory
cerebral disorders
• A serious condition and sometime
fetal
Etiology:
• Viral infections
• Herpes simplex virus/ most common
cause
• Measles, chicken pox, rubella
• CNS infections
• Meningitis (bacterial, fungus, parasitic)
• Viral illnesses
• Rabies, HSV

3. Out Break & Mode spread
• Epidemic Encephalitis:
• Nile virus, first out break was
in 1999/ in Newark city
• Spread via Tics & mosquito
bites
• Non-epidemic Encephalitis
• HSV is most common
• Cytomegalovirus
• Mumps, measles, chicken
pox, HIV
Pathophysiology
• Toxic and infectious agent enters the
brain through circulation
• Inflammatory response take place
that results
• Cerebral edema,
• Cellular damage
• Transient neurological dysfunction

4. Diagnosis:
• Lumber puncture: (CSF analysis)
• Pressure / normal or slightly raised
• Protein/ slightly raised
• Glucose normal
• Lymphocytes raised (bacterial meningitis
)
• PCR:
• Confirms viral encephalitis
• Igm antibodies to virus
• in serum /CSF
• Imaging studies:
• CT, EEG, MRI, PET scan
• Clinical manifestation
• Fever
• Severe headache
• Nausea, vomiting
• Alter consciousness/coma
• Nuchal rigidity
• Visual, auditory and speech
disturbance
• Seizures may occur

5. ENCEPALITIS

6. Collaborative Care:
• Drug therapy
• Antiviral/ Zovirax
• Anticonvulsants
• Antibiotic only in bacterial meningitis
• Supportive care
• Hospitalization
• Monitor vital signs, Oxygen sat &
neurological status
• IV canulation for medication
• Keep the air way clear/suctioning
• Provide resp. support /mechanical
ventilation
• Ensure adequate nutritional intake by N/G
• Provide bladder bowel care
• Change posture frequently
• Pay attention to skin
Prevention:
• Control mosquito breeds/bites
• Cleaning of rain gutters/drains
• Remove old tires
• drainage of birds baths
• Cover water tanks /reservoirs
• Harvesting of grass
• Mosquito sprays
• Use repellants
• Net doors and windows

7. Brain Abscess:
An acute accumulation of puss within the
brain tissues resulted from a local or
systemic infection
Causes
• Primary
Direct extension from ear, sinuses & teeth
• Mastoiditis
• Sinusitis
• Teeth infections
• Secondary
• Pulmonary infections
• Bacterial endocarditis
• Fractures
• Skull surgeries

8. Clinical manifestation:
• General symptoms are as
meningitis
• Focal:
• Increase ICP
• Drowsiness
• Confusion
• Seizures
• Visual impairment
• Hallucination
• Psychomotor seizure
(Temporal lobe)
• Diagnosis
• History
• Physical examination
• CT, MI
• Treatment:
• Antibiotics
• Surgical drainage of abscess is
the treatment of choice
• Nursing management
• Same as the care of patient with
• Increase ICP, meningitis,
encephalitis