Encephalitis
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Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is usually caused by viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens. It presents with symptoms like headache, fever, confusion, and seizures. Risk factors include age, a weakened immune system, and living in certain geographic regions with mosquito-borne viruses. Diagnosis involves an MRI, EEG, spinal tap of cerebrospinal fluid, and blood or urine tests. Treatment depends on the severity but may include antiviral drugs, anti-inflammatory medications, fluids, and respiratory support. Prevention focuses on vaccination, insect repellent, and good hygiene.
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Lecture on encephalitis
1. Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viral infections like herpes simplex virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, or influenza. Encephalopathy refers to neurological dysfunction without direct brain inflammation.
2. Viral encephalitis presents with acute onset of fever, headache, seizures, and disturbances of consciousness. Investigations include examination of cerebrospinal fluid by PCR for viruses.
3. Treatment involves supportive care, anticonvulsants, antivirals like acyclovir for herpes simplex encephalitis, and corticosteroids for autoimmune conditions like acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is commonly caused by viral infections. Some common viruses that can cause encephalitis include herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, enteroviruses, and mosquito-borne viruses. Symptoms of encephalitis can include fever, headache, seizures, and alterations in mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture, MRI, and tests to detect viruses in the cerebral spinal fluid. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include antiviral medications for viral infections.
Encephalitis ppt
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is often caused by viral infections. It can cause brain tissue to swell and potentially damage nerve cells. Symptoms range from mild headaches and fever to more severe symptoms like seizures, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Treatment focuses on supportive care, relieving symptoms, and allowing the body to fight the infection. Hundreds of deaths from encephalitis occurred recently in India during a monsoon outbreak.
DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a severe mosquito-borne viral illness characterized by increased vascular permeability, hypovolemia, and abnormal blood clotting. It is caused by any of four dengue virus types and transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Common symptoms include high fever, abdominal pain, vomiting and bleeding. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement and management of shock. Prevention emphasizes eliminating mosquito breeding sites and using protective measures against bites.
9.dengue seminar
A 5-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of fever, headache, nausea and sore throat. On examination, she had a high fever and a maculopapular rash on her legs and feet. Additional information indicated the rash began on her arms and legs the same day and she had no recent travel or tick bites. Dengue fever is caused by a virus with four serotypes that cause varying levels of disease from mild dengue fever to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, characterized by plasma leakage that can lead to shock. Proper fluid management is critical to treatment.
Famipop Dengue Stats Presentation
This document discusses dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever. It is caused by a virus spread through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes. The document covers the typical symptoms of dengue fever, which include high fever, joint and muscle pain. It also discusses dengue hemorrhagic fever, a potentially deadly complication. Key points include that dengue occurrence is highest during rainy seasons and among children under 15. The largest recorded outbreak was in the Philippines in 1998 when over 38,000 cases occurred, potentially triggered by the El Niño phenomenon. There is concern another major outbreak could happen in the Philippines in 2011 for the same reason.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
This document provides a report on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). It describes DHF as a severe mosquito-borne viral illness endemic in tropical regions like Southeast Asia and the Philippines. The report identifies the dengue virus as the infectious agent and Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes as the vector. It outlines the clinical manifestations and progression of DHF from sudden onset fever to potential hemorrhagic shock. Management of DHF focuses on supportive care, fluid replacement, and avoiding risks of hemorrhage.
Dengue seminar prepared by sumel ashique,GNIPST
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection found in tropical and subtropical regions. It is caused by one of four dengue virus serotypes. The virus is transmitted via the bites of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and skin rash. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment, so care is supportive via fluid replacement and treatment of symptoms. The disease prevalence has grown significantly worldwide in recent decades. Over 100 countries are now endemic for dengue, with Southeast Asia being the most severely affected region.
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Lecture on encephalitis
1. Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viral infections like herpes simplex virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, or influenza. Encephalopathy refers to neurological dysfunction without direct brain inflammation.
2. Viral encephalitis presents with acute onset of fever, headache, seizures, and disturbances of consciousness. Investigations include examination of cerebrospinal fluid by PCR for viruses.
3. Treatment involves supportive care, anticonvulsants, antivirals like acyclovir for herpes simplex encephalitis, and corticosteroids for autoimmune conditions like acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is commonly caused by viral infections. Some common viruses that can cause encephalitis include herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, enteroviruses, and mosquito-borne viruses. Symptoms of encephalitis can include fever, headache, seizures, and alterations in mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture, MRI, and tests to detect viruses in the cerebral spinal fluid. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include antiviral medications for viral infections.
Encephalitis ppt
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is often caused by viral infections. It can cause brain tissue to swell and potentially damage nerve cells. Symptoms range from mild headaches and fever to more severe symptoms like seizures, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Treatment focuses on supportive care, relieving symptoms, and allowing the body to fight the infection. Hundreds of deaths from encephalitis occurred recently in India during a monsoon outbreak.
DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a severe mosquito-borne viral illness characterized by increased vascular permeability, hypovolemia, and abnormal blood clotting. It is caused by any of four dengue virus types and transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Common symptoms include high fever, abdominal pain, vomiting and bleeding. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement and management of shock. Prevention emphasizes eliminating mosquito breeding sites and using protective measures against bites.
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A 5-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of fever, headache, nausea and sore throat. On examination, she had a high fever and a maculopapular rash on her legs and feet. Additional information indicated the rash began on her arms and legs the same day and she had no recent travel or tick bites. Dengue fever is caused by a virus with four serotypes that cause varying levels of disease from mild dengue fever to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, characterized by plasma leakage that can lead to shock. Proper fluid management is critical to treatment.
Famipop Dengue Stats Presentation
This document discusses dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever. It is caused by a virus spread through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes. The document covers the typical symptoms of dengue fever, which include high fever, joint and muscle pain. It also discusses dengue hemorrhagic fever, a potentially deadly complication. Key points include that dengue occurrence is highest during rainy seasons and among children under 15. The largest recorded outbreak was in the Philippines in 1998 when over 38,000 cases occurred, potentially triggered by the El Niño phenomenon. There is concern another major outbreak could happen in the Philippines in 2011 for the same reason.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
This document provides a report on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). It describes DHF as a severe mosquito-borne viral illness endemic in tropical regions like Southeast Asia and the Philippines. The report identifies the dengue virus as the infectious agent and Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes as the vector. It outlines the clinical manifestations and progression of DHF from sudden onset fever to potential hemorrhagic shock. Management of DHF focuses on supportive care, fluid replacement, and avoiding risks of hemorrhage.
Dengue seminar prepared by sumel ashique,GNIPST
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection found in tropical and subtropical regions. It is caused by one of four dengue virus serotypes. The virus is transmitted via the bites of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and skin rash. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment, so care is supportive via fluid replacement and treatment of symptoms. The disease prevalence has grown significantly worldwide in recent decades. Over 100 countries are now endemic for dengue, with Southeast Asia being the most severely affected region.
Viral Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is commonly caused by viral infections. It can present with neurological and psychological symptoms like confusion, seizures, and mood changes. While many viruses can cause encephalitis, some of the most common ones are herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, enteroviruses, and arboviruses spread by mosquitoes and ticks like Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Treatment focuses on supportive care, antiviral medications when applicable, and preventing seizures. Outbreaks often occur seasonally in areas where mosquito-borne viruses are prevalent.
Viral Encephalitis : journal
1) Viral encephalitis is caused by neurotropic viruses and has varied clinical presentations depending on the causative virus and host factors.
2) Diagnosis involves PCR and RT-PCR testing of CSF for common viruses. Next-generation sequencing may help identify unknown causes.
3) Treatment of HSV encephalitis involves acyclovir, while other viral encephalitides receive supportive care. Vaccines have been effective in preventing certain causes. Outcomes remain generally poor depending on factors like age and delay of treatment.
Dengue diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It causes a spectrum of clinical symptoms and has unpredictable outcomes. In Indonesia, over 150,000 cases were reported in 2007 with high numbers in Jakarta and West Java. Secondary infections pose greater risks and can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever. Proper fluid management is critical to treatment but outcomes depend on early detection and clinical monitoring of warning signs. Prevention requires controlling mosquito breeding sites and promoting environmental modifications.
Dengue
Dengue fever is caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes and causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle and joint pain. It occurs in tropical and subtropical regions and there is no vaccine or specific treatment, though symptoms can be relieved with rest, hydration and pain medication. A severe form called dengue hemorrhagic fever can occur in children and cause bleeding, shock and death in some cases. Prevention focuses on controlling mosquito populations and avoiding bites.
Cerebrospinal meningitis
This is an endemic disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate...The disease can be prevented with adequate interventions.
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Cerebral malaria is a serious neurological complication caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection that can lead to coma and death. It accounts for approximately 20% of adult and 15% of childhood malaria deaths globally each year. The document discusses the epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations including retinopathy-specific signs, diagnosis, treatment and management of cerebral malaria. Pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to cerebral malaria are still being investigated.
Dengue fever
This document summarizes information about dengue fever, including its epidemiology, virology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and classification. Some key points:
- Dengue is caused by one of four dengue virus serotypes and is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It is a major public health problem globally and in India.
- Clinical stages include a febrile phase with symptoms like headache and rash, a critical phase with potential for plasma leakage, and a convalescent phase. More severe classifications include dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.
- Diagnosis involves tests for dengue NS1 antigen during the acute phase, IgM antibodies later in infection, and
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Viral encephalitis pt
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Review of Meningitis
1) Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding them.
2) Common causes of bacterial meningitis include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Viral meningitis is more common and can be caused by enteroviruses, herpesviruses, paramyxoviruses, togaviruses, and retroviruses.
3) Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture to examine CSF for white blood cell count and presence of organisms. Treatment aims to isolate the patient, administer antimicrobials, maintain hydration and
MENINGITIS
Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord caused by viral or bacterial infection. Common symptoms include headache, fever, and neck stiffness. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture of cerebrospinal fluid to examine cell count, glucose, and protein levels. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotics for bacterial infections. Nursing care focuses on frequent neurological and vital sign monitoring to detect complications and provide interventions for issues like pain and fluid management.
Viral encephalitis
Viral encephalitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children in India. Guidelines were developed by experts to aid pediatricians in managing suspected viral encephalitis. An expert group meeting discussed issues in evaluation and management. Recommendations address rapid assessment, stabilization, clinical evaluation, investigations, and treatment. Empirical therapy and supportive care are important pending diagnosis, as specific treatment exists for some causes. The guidelines aim to improve outcomes for these critically ill children.
Dengue fever
An acute fibrile illness syndrome caused by arboviruses that characterized by biphasic fever, myalgia, arthralgia, leukopenia, rash & lymphadenopathy.A.k.a dengue / breakbone fever
Only 1/3 of DHF patient develop shock and circulatory failure ( outpatient Tx is enough , bring back when there are alarming signs) .Early plasma, fluid & electrolyte replacement proved to have favourable outcome( maintain circulation). In DHF/DSS case, great care taken to reduce invasive procedures while managing shock
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Viral encephalitis
This document discusses viral encephalitis, including:
- Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma that can cause altered mental status, motor/sensory deficits, and seizures. It is differentiated from meningitis which involves the meninges.
- Viral encephalitis can be primary, caused by direct viral invasion of the brain, or postinfectious. Common viruses include HSV, VZV, influenza, and enteroviruses.
- Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and focal neurological abnormalities. Investigations include imaging, EEG, and CSF analysis to identify the causative virus. Treatment involves supportive care and antivirals for certain
Meningitis
This document discusses meningitis, including its causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which are the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Bacterial meningitis requires urgent treatment with antibiotics as it can be life-threatening. Symptoms vary depending on age but may include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, confusion, and seizures. Diagnosis involves physical exam, spinal fluid analysis, and imaging tests. Treatment focuses on identifying the cause, administering antibiotics or antivirals, relieving symptoms, and preventing complications.
Dengue Fever
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a severe, potentially deadly infection spread by mosquitoes that causes fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain. It was first reported in the Philippines in 1953 and is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. While there is no vaccine or cure, treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and replenishing fluids intravenously. Prevention emphasizes eliminating mosquito breeding sites and self-protection from bites.
Respiratory Tract Infections
The document defines respiratory tract infections as infectious diseases of the upper or lower respiratory tract. It notes that every year 3.9 million deaths occur due to acute respiratory infections in young children worldwide, with 15-30% of these deaths occurring in India. The document then proceeds to describe the different types of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in detail, including causative organisms, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment options and common drugs used for treatment. It provides an overview of the pathogenesis and complications of respiratory tract infections.
Meningitis (According to Modern & Unani Medicine)
Meningitis kills over 1 million people worldwide each year. It is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial meningitis is the most common and severe form, causing over 100,000 deaths annually. Viral meningitis is generally less severe but can still have long term effects like deafness, seizures, and learning difficulties. Meningitis is diagnosed based on symptoms like fever, headache, and neck stiffness, and confirmed via spinal fluid analysis. Treatment involves antibiotics for bacterial cases and supportive care, while prevention focuses on vaccines for common causes. Prognosis depends on age and severity but over 25% of survivors are left with permanent disabilities.
encephalitiscia
Encephalitis is acute inflammation of the brain that is most common in children, the elderly, and those with weak immune systems. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or non-infectious conditions. Symptoms include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and neurological deficits. Diagnosis involves imaging tests, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and blood tests to identify the causative agent. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, reducing swelling and seizures with medications, and treating any identified infections. Outcomes vary depending on the severity and specific cause of the inflammation.
Inflammatory conditions of brain ppt.pptx
Inflamatory condition of the brain.
encephalopathy and meningitis.
prepared for 4th year physiotherapy students.
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Viral Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is commonly caused by viral infections. It can present with neurological and psychological symptoms like confusion, seizures, and mood changes. While many viruses can cause encephalitis, some of the most common ones are herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, enteroviruses, and arboviruses spread by mosquitoes and ticks like Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Treatment focuses on supportive care, antiviral medications when applicable, and preventing seizures. Outbreaks often occur seasonally in areas where mosquito-borne viruses are prevalent.
Viral Encephalitis : journal
1) Viral encephalitis is caused by neurotropic viruses and has varied clinical presentations depending on the causative virus and host factors.
2) Diagnosis involves PCR and RT-PCR testing of CSF for common viruses. Next-generation sequencing may help identify unknown causes.
3) Treatment of HSV encephalitis involves acyclovir, while other viral encephalitides receive supportive care. Vaccines have been effective in preventing certain causes. Outcomes remain generally poor depending on factors like age and delay of treatment.
Dengue diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It causes a spectrum of clinical symptoms and has unpredictable outcomes. In Indonesia, over 150,000 cases were reported in 2007 with high numbers in Jakarta and West Java. Secondary infections pose greater risks and can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever. Proper fluid management is critical to treatment but outcomes depend on early detection and clinical monitoring of warning signs. Prevention requires controlling mosquito breeding sites and promoting environmental modifications.
Dengue
Dengue fever is caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes and causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle and joint pain. It occurs in tropical and subtropical regions and there is no vaccine or specific treatment, though symptoms can be relieved with rest, hydration and pain medication. A severe form called dengue hemorrhagic fever can occur in children and cause bleeding, shock and death in some cases. Prevention focuses on controlling mosquito populations and avoiding bites.
Cerebrospinal meningitis
This is an endemic disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate...The disease can be prevented with adequate interventions.
Encephalitis & Nursing care
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that occurs when the brain is infected by a virus or other microorganism. There are two forms: primary encephalitis, caused by direct viral invasion of the brain, and postinfectious encephalitis, which develops after other viral illnesses. Common symptoms include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and behavioral changes. Diagnostic tests include EEG, CT scan, MRI, and CSF analysis. Treatment involves antiviral medications to fight the infection as well as medications to reduce fever and prevent seizures. Nurses monitor vital signs, neurological status, and provide comfort measures to reduce symptoms.
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Cerebral malaria is a serious neurological complication caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection that can lead to coma and death. It accounts for approximately 20% of adult and 15% of childhood malaria deaths globally each year. The document discusses the epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations including retinopathy-specific signs, diagnosis, treatment and management of cerebral malaria. Pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to cerebral malaria are still being investigated.
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This document summarizes information about dengue fever, including its epidemiology, virology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and classification. Some key points:
- Dengue is caused by one of four dengue virus serotypes and is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It is a major public health problem globally and in India.
- Clinical stages include a febrile phase with symptoms like headache and rash, a critical phase with potential for plasma leakage, and a convalescent phase. More severe classifications include dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.
- Diagnosis involves tests for dengue NS1 antigen during the acute phase, IgM antibodies later in infection, and
Dengue
This document provides information about Dengue fever, including its epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention. It discusses how Dengue reached Pakistan through imported tires from Thailand and Afghanistan as well as NATO containers. It describes the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector and explains that there are four distinct Dengue virus serotypes. The document outlines the symptoms and progression of Dengue fever, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, and Dengue shock syndrome. It discusses diagnosis of Dengue through serology tests, PCR, and liver function tests. Treatment focuses on symptom relief and prevention centers on eliminating mosquito breeding sites.
Viral encephalitis pt
This document discusses viral encephalitis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that viral infection is the most common cause of encephalitis, with over 100 viruses implicated worldwide. Some of the major viruses that can cause encephalitis include herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenoviruses, influenza A, enteroviruses, measles, mumps, rubella, rabies, Japanese encephalitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, La Crosse virus,
Review of Meningitis
1) Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding them.
2) Common causes of bacterial meningitis include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Viral meningitis is more common and can be caused by enteroviruses, herpesviruses, paramyxoviruses, togaviruses, and retroviruses.
3) Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture to examine CSF for white blood cell count and presence of organisms. Treatment aims to isolate the patient, administer antimicrobials, maintain hydration and
MENINGITIS
Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord caused by viral or bacterial infection. Common symptoms include headache, fever, and neck stiffness. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture of cerebrospinal fluid to examine cell count, glucose, and protein levels. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotics for bacterial infections. Nursing care focuses on frequent neurological and vital sign monitoring to detect complications and provide interventions for issues like pain and fluid management.
Viral encephalitis
Viral encephalitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children in India. Guidelines were developed by experts to aid pediatricians in managing suspected viral encephalitis. An expert group meeting discussed issues in evaluation and management. Recommendations address rapid assessment, stabilization, clinical evaluation, investigations, and treatment. Empirical therapy and supportive care are important pending diagnosis, as specific treatment exists for some causes. The guidelines aim to improve outcomes for these critically ill children.
Dengue fever
An acute fibrile illness syndrome caused by arboviruses that characterized by biphasic fever, myalgia, arthralgia, leukopenia, rash & lymphadenopathy.A.k.a dengue / breakbone fever
Only 1/3 of DHF patient develop shock and circulatory failure ( outpatient Tx is enough , bring back when there are alarming signs) .Early plasma, fluid & electrolyte replacement proved to have favourable outcome( maintain circulation). In DHF/DSS case, great care taken to reduce invasive procedures while managing shock
Dengue, DHF, DSS, prevention, prognosis and its management
Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. It causes flu-like symptoms including fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and rash. In some cases it can develop into severe dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, resulting in bleeding, low blood pressure and organ failure. Diagnosis is usually clinical based on symptoms and signs. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement and symptom relief. Prevention involves controlling mosquito breeding sites and using protective measures against mosquito bites. Homeopathy offers several remedies that can help manage symptoms and aid recovery from dengue fever.
Viral encephalitis
This document discusses viral encephalitis, including:
- Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma that can cause altered mental status, motor/sensory deficits, and seizures. It is differentiated from meningitis which involves the meninges.
- Viral encephalitis can be primary, caused by direct viral invasion of the brain, or postinfectious. Common viruses include HSV, VZV, influenza, and enteroviruses.
- Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and focal neurological abnormalities. Investigations include imaging, EEG, and CSF analysis to identify the causative virus. Treatment involves supportive care and antivirals for certain
Meningitis
This document discusses meningitis, including its causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which are the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Bacterial meningitis requires urgent treatment with antibiotics as it can be life-threatening. Symptoms vary depending on age but may include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, confusion, and seizures. Diagnosis involves physical exam, spinal fluid analysis, and imaging tests. Treatment focuses on identifying the cause, administering antibiotics or antivirals, relieving symptoms, and preventing complications.
Dengue Fever
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a severe, potentially deadly infection spread by mosquitoes that causes fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain. It was first reported in the Philippines in 1953 and is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. While there is no vaccine or cure, treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and replenishing fluids intravenously. Prevention emphasizes eliminating mosquito breeding sites and self-protection from bites.
Respiratory Tract Infections
The document defines respiratory tract infections as infectious diseases of the upper or lower respiratory tract. It notes that every year 3.9 million deaths occur due to acute respiratory infections in young children worldwide, with 15-30% of these deaths occurring in India. The document then proceeds to describe the different types of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in detail, including causative organisms, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment options and common drugs used for treatment. It provides an overview of the pathogenesis and complications of respiratory tract infections.
Meningitis (According to Modern & Unani Medicine)
Meningitis kills over 1 million people worldwide each year. It is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial meningitis is the most common and severe form, causing over 100,000 deaths annually. Viral meningitis is generally less severe but can still have long term effects like deafness, seizures, and learning difficulties. Meningitis is diagnosed based on symptoms like fever, headache, and neck stiffness, and confirmed via spinal fluid analysis. Treatment involves antibiotics for bacterial cases and supportive care, while prevention focuses on vaccines for common causes. Prognosis depends on age and severity but over 25% of survivors are left with permanent disabilities.
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Similar to Encephalitis
encephalitiscia
Encephalitis is acute inflammation of the brain that is most common in children, the elderly, and those with weak immune systems. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or non-infectious conditions. Symptoms include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and neurological deficits. Diagnosis involves imaging tests, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and blood tests to identify the causative agent. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, reducing swelling and seizures with medications, and treating any identified infections. Outcomes vary depending on the severity and specific cause of the inflammation.
Inflammatory conditions of brain ppt.pptx
Inflamatory condition of the brain.
encephalopathy and meningitis.
prepared for 4th year physiotherapy students.
Inflammatory conditions of brain ppt.pptx
Inflamatory condition of the brain.
encephalopathy and meningitis.
prepared for 4th year physiotherapy students.
MENINGITIS.pptx
Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, fungal or non-infectious etiologies. Bacterial meningitis requires urgent treatment to prevent high mortality. Common symptoms include fever, headache, neck stiffness, nausea and altered mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment involves intravenous antibiotics, steroids, anticonvulsants and supportive care like hydration and fever control. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for complications, maintaining fluid balance and facilitating recovery.
Meningitis and Encephalitis
Meningitis is an infection of the meninges that covers the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria like Neisseria meningitidis or viruses. Symptoms include headache, fever, and nuchal rigidity. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture and imaging. Treatment involves antibiotics, steroids, and IV fluids. People remain contagious until 24-48 hours after antibiotics. Vaccines prevent certain bacterial causes.
Meningitis nursing, medical managements
The document provides information on the diagnostic evaluation, treatment, nursing management, and expected outcomes for meningitis. The diagnostic evaluation includes tests like lumbar puncture and CSF analysis to identify the infecting organism. Treatment involves administering antibiotics specific to the type of meningitis as well as supportive care. Nursing management focuses on reducing fever, maintaining fluid balance, enhancing cerebral perfusion, reducing pain, and promoting recovery. The expected outcomes are resolution of symptoms and return to normal functioning.
Viral infections of the nervous system
This document discusses several viral infections of the nervous system including viral meningitis, herpes simplex encephalitis, and poliomyelitis. It provides details on the causes, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of each infection. Viral meningitis is most commonly caused by enteroviruses and has symptoms like fever, headache, and nausea. Herpes simplex encephalitis is caused by the herpes simplex virus and can cause seizures, confusion, and memory loss if not treated promptly with antiviral drugs. Poliomyelitis is caused by the poliovirus, spreads via the fecal-oral route, and in rare cases can cause paralysis that is treated with rehabilitation and supportive
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viral infections or autoimmune responses. It occurs most commonly in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Symptoms vary depending on age but may include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and long-term neurological complications. Diagnosis involves imaging, spinal fluid analysis, and blood tests to identify potential causes. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antiviral medications or antibiotics depending on the suspected cause. Outcomes range from full recovery to permanent neurological deficits and risk of death is highest in cases of prolonged coma or infection with herpes simplex virus.
Headache secondary to infection
Exposition on the International headache society subclassification of secondary headaches providing a broad overview of headache secondary to infection
encephalitis-200729103708.pdf
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is commonly caused by viral infections. It can cause symptoms like fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and neurological deficits as the brain tissue deteriorates. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture to analyze CSF for signs of inflammation and PCR or antibody tests to identify the specific virus. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, reducing fever and swelling, and using antiviral medications for viral causes. Nursing care involves frequent monitoring, preventing complications, managing aberrant behaviors, and providing supportive care and patient education.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is commonly caused by viral infections. It can cause symptoms like fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and neurological deficits as the brain tissue deteriorates. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture to analyze CSF for signs of inflammation and PCR or antibody tests to identify the specific virus. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, reducing fever and swelling, and using antiviral medications for viral causes. Nursing care involves frequent monitoring, preventing complications, managing aberrant behaviors, and providing supportive care and patient education.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is a rare yet serious disease that can be life-threatening.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue.
The most common cause is viral infections.
In rare cases it can be caused by bacteria or even fungi.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue.
Primary encephalitis- It occurs when a virus directly infects the brain and spinal cord.
Secondary encephalitis- It occurs when an infection starts elsewhere in the body and then travels to your brain.
Older adults
Children under the age of 1 year
People with weak immune systems
Primary (infectious) encephalitis
Common viruses, including HSV (herpes simplex virus) and EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)
Childhood viruses, including measles and mumps
Arboviruses (spread by mosquitoes, ticks, and other insects), including Japanese encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis
Secondary encephalitis: could be caused by a complication of a viral infection.
Encephalitis
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This document discusses encephalitis and brain abscess. It provides information on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of each condition. For encephalitis, it describes signs like nuchal rigidity and altered mental status. Common causes are listed as herpesviruses, arboviruses, and other viruses. Diagnosis involves CSF examination, PCR, imaging like MRI. Treatment involves supportive care and antivirals. For brain abscess, it discusses the clinical triad of headache, fever and neurological deficits. Common causes are listed. Diagnosis is via imaging and culture of aspirated contents. Treatment involves antibiotics and surgical drainage or aspiration.
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Encephalitis
1) Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain that is usually caused by a viral infection. Children, the elderly, and those with weak immune systems are most at risk.
2) Diagnosis involves imaging tests like MRI and CT scans to view brain inflammation, as well as tests of cerebrospinal fluid and blood to identify potential viral causes.
3) Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the inflammation. Supportive care aims to help the body fight infection, while antiviral drugs may be given if a viral cause is identified.
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Encephalitis
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain that is usually caused by a viral infection. Symptoms can range from mild flu-like symptoms to more severe effects like confusion, seizures, or paralysis. While often mild, encephalitis can sometimes be life-threatening. Diagnosis involves brain imaging, spinal taps, and testing of bodily fluids. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antiviral medications, supportive care, and physical/occupational therapy for complications.
Cns Infxs
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Encephalitis
- 1. Encephalitis PRESENTED BY: Kean G. AGAPITO, RN
- 2. ENCEPHALITIS • IS SUDDEN INFLAMMATION (SWELLING) IN THE BRAIN. • IT IS USUALLY CAUSED BY VIRUSES, BACTERIA, OR OTHER PATHOGENS.
- 3. Causes Herpes simplex virus Other herpes viruses Enteroviruses Mosquito-borne viruses Rabies virus Childhood infections
- 5. RISK FACTORS Age. Some types of encephalitis are more prevalent or more severe in certain age groups. In general, young children and older adults are at greater risk of most types of viral encephalitis. Encephalitis from the herpes simplex virus tends to be more common in people 20 to 40 years of age. Weakened immune system. People who have HIV/AIDS, take immune- suppressing drugs, or have another condition causing a compromised or weakened immune system are at increased risk of encephalitis. Geographic regions. Mosquito-borne or tick-borne viruses are common in particular geographic regions.
- 8. DIAGNOSIS An MRI (brain scan) can show brain swelling, and also show whether there are other brain problems causing a patient's symptoms
- 9. DIAGNOSIS An EEG (a picture of the brain's electrical activity) will show signals that are not normal
- 10. DIAGNOSIS A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) will show whether there is an infection in the cerebrospinal fluid (which bathes the brain and spinal cord)
- 11. DIAGNOSIS Blood tests or urine tests may show whether a person has encephalitis Samples of blood or urine, or of excretions from the back of the throat can be tested for viruses or other infectious agents.
- 12. TREATMENT FOR MILD CASES •Bed rest •Plenty of fluids •Anti-inflammatory drugs— such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve, others) — to relieve headaches and fever.
- 13. TREATMENT Antiviral drugs Cases of encephalitis due to certain viruses usually require intravenous antiviral treatments. Antiviral drugs commonly used to treat encephalitis include: •Acyclovir (Zovirax) •Ganciclovir (Cytovene) •Foscarnet (Foscavir)
- 14. SUPPORTIVE CARE Additional supportive care also is needed in the hospital for people with severe encephalitis. The care may include: •Breathing assistance •Intravenous fluids •Anti-inflammatory drugs •Anticonvulsant medications
- 15. Practice good hygiene Get vaccinations Vaccines are available for mumps, measles, rubella, and poliovirus (universal immunization) Dress to protect yourself Apply mosquito repellent. PREVENTION
- 16. THANK YOU!