Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a viral infection or the immune system attacking brain tissue. It affects 7.4 cases per 100,000 people annually in Western countries. Common causes include herpes simplex virus, rabies virus, and childhood infections. Symptoms include fever, headaches, drowsiness, personality changes, and seizures. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging tests, and spinal tap. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs, rest, hydration, and rehabilitation to address complications like weakness and memory problems.

1. ENCEPHALITIS
PRESENTED BY
ABHAY RAJPOOT

2. DEFINITION
• Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain. Encephalitis is an
acute inflammation (swelling) of the brain usually resulting from either a
viral infection or due to the body's own immune system mistakenly
attacking brain tissue.

3. INCEDENCE
• The number of new cases a year of acute encephalitis in Western countries
is 7.4 cases per 100,000 population per year.

4. CAUSES
• The exact cause of encephalitis is unknown.

5. OTHER VIRAL CAUSES
The viruses that can cause encephalitis include:
• Herpes simplex virus (HSV).
• Rabies virus.
• Childhood infections.

6. RISK FACTORS
• Age
• Weakened immune system
• Geographical regions

7. PATHOPHYSILOGY

8. SYMPTOMS
• Fever.
• Drowsiness, lethargy, and possibly coma.
• Headaches.
• Personality changes, irritability, or emotional outbursts.
• Confusion,
• Loss of consciousness
• Weakness in one or more areas of the body.
• Seizures.

9. DIGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• History
• Physical examination
• Other lab tests

10. Brain imaging

11. Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)

12. Electroencephalogram (EEG)

13. COMPLICATION
• Persistent fatigue
• Weakness or lack of muscle coordination
• Personality changes
• Memory problems
• Paralysis
• Speech impairments

14. PREVENTION
• Practice good hygiene
• Don't share utensils
• Teach children good habits

15. MANAGEMENT
• Bed rest
• Plenty of fluids
• Anti-inflammatory drugs — such as acetaminophen , ibuprofen and naproxen
sodium (Aleve) — to relieve headaches and fever
Antiviral drugs
Encephalitis caused by certain viruses usually requires antiviral treatment.
• Acyclovir (Zovirax)
• Ganciclovir (Cytovene)

16. NURSING MANAGEMENT
Follow-up therapy
• Physical therapy- to improve strength, flexibility, balance, motor coordination
and mobility
• Occupational therapy- to develop everyday skills and to use adaptive products
that help with everyday activities
• Speech therapy -to relearn muscle control and coordination to produce speech
• Psychotherapy -to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills to improve
mood disorders or address personality changes

17. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
• Pain related to increased intracranial pressure as evidenced by patient
verbalization.
• Hyperthermia related to infection as evidenced by raised body
temperature.
• Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirement related to less intake of
food as evidenced by nausea and vomiting.

18. SUMMARIZATION

19. CONCLUSION

20. THANK YOU