Enabling D2D communication in mmWave 5G networks
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This document discusses enabling device-to-device (D2D) communications in millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G cellular networks. It first describes mmWave bands which operate between 30-300 GHz and provide high data rates up to 10 Gbps but have short range. It then explains D2D communication which allows direct communication between devices. The document proposes enabling D2D in mmWave 5G networks using directional antennas to mitigate interference. It outlines the 5G network architecture combining 4G, mmWave base stations, and devices. Finally, it discusses the MAC layer and a resource sharing scheme to allocate non-interfering resources to concurrent transmitting links.
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considered as one of promising techniques for the 5G wireless communications system and used in so
many different fields such as network traffic offloading, public safety, social services and applications such
as gaming and military applications . The goal of this paper is to present advances on the current 3GPP
LTE-advanced system related to Device-to-Device (D2D). In this paper, we provide an overview of the
D2D types based on the communication spectrum of D2D transmission, namely Inband D2D
communication and Outband D2D communication. Then we present the advantages and disadvantages of
each D2D mode. Moreover, architecture and protocol enhancements for D2D communications under
LTE-A network are described.
conference Presentation
1) The document describes a cell counting optical planar waveguide sensor based on (Yb,Nb):RTP/RTP(001) system presented by Dr. Muhammad Ali Butt and co-authors.
2) The sensor exploits the evanescent field of an optical waveguide to enable enumeration of cells tagged with metal from biofluids. Light propagates along the waveguide and cells placed on top interact with the evanescent field, causing attenuation of the light.
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5G - A New Era Of Communication
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E business--dig sig
Digital signatures use public and private key cryptography to provide the security of a handwritten signature for digital documents. The sender uses their private key to encrypt a hash of the message, creating a digital signature. The receiver can then use the sender's public key to decrypt the signature and verify that it matches a hash of the received message, proving it came from the sender and was not altered. Digital signatures authenticate the sender and ensure integrity of the message. They prevent repudiation of signatures but reliance on private keys means signatures are suspect if a private key is compromised.
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5G Technology Presentation
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Our porfolio in educational technology2
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2. Definitions and objectives of educational technology which aims to provide education on using technology for instruction and impart learning experiences.
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Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellular
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5G and Millimetre Wave Communications (author Isabelle tardy)
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What will 5 g be
5G will be the 5th generation of cellular technology providing high-speed wireless connectivity. It will have high throughput, wide coverage, and use high carrier frequencies and massive bandwidth. Key features include speeds over 100 Mbps for downloading and uploading, support for multimedia and video streaming, and global access. 5G will use technologies like OFDM, mmWave frequencies, and massive MIMO to achieve data rates 1000x faster than previous generations and support new applications and more connected devices. Significant engineering challenges remain around network densification, mobility, and costs to fully realize the potential of 5G.
What will 5 g be
5G in a nutshell.What will be 5G .What does it offer.How is it different from other generations.What all technologies are used in it........
A QoS Based MAC Protocol For Wireless Ad-hoc Network
Multimedia communication over wireless Ad-hoc networks has become the driving technology for many of the important applications, experiencing dramatic market growth and promising revolutionary experiences in personal communication, gaming, entertainment, military, security, environment monitoring, and more. The advances in wireless communications and growth of real-time applications have necessitated the development of wireless networks that can support high Quality of Service (QoS) and power control. A node in an ad hoc network is normally battery operated which poses a huge constraint on the power consumption of such a node. Hence, designing a power efficient MAC protocol for ad hoc wireless networks is a major challenge. In this paper, we propose a CDMA based power controlled medium access protocol for mobile and ad hoc network (MNA). The protocol conserves power and provides QoS guarantees for multimedia traffics. In that network one of the fundamental challenger in MANETs is how to increase the overall network throughputs well as reading the delay while maintaining how energy consumption for packet processing in communication. simulation results shows that the performance of the protocol with increase in traffic while QoS is better in terms of Energy consumption, throughput, & communication delay than existing protocol.
5G, A network, and beyond ...
While these slides are being figured out, may be traversing to you through the 4G network, researchers allover the globe are imagining, How would be the next mobile generation?, the 5G, a totally different descendant, the system of systems.
Enjoy .. :)
29 88-96
Wimax technology has reshaped the framework of broadband wireless internet
service. It provides the internet service to unconnected or detached areas such as east South
Africa, rural areas of America and Asia region. Full duplex helpers employed with one of
the relay stations selection and indexing method that is Randomized Distributed Space Time
are used to expand the coverage area of primary Wimax station. The basic problem was
identified at cell edge due to weather conditions (rain, fog), insertion of destruction because
of multiple paths in the same communication channel and due to interference created by
other users in that communication. It is impractical task for the receiver station to decode
the transmitted signal successfully at the cell edges, which increases the high packet loss and
retransmissions. But Wimax is a outstanding technology which is used for improving the
quality of internet service and also it offers various services like Voice over Internet
Protocol, Video conferencing and Multimedia broadcast etc where a little delay in packet
transmission can cause a big loss in the communication. Even setup and initialization of
another Wimax station nearer to each other is not a good alternate, where any mobile
station can easily handover to another base station if it gets a strong signal from other one.
But in rural areas, for few numbers of customers, installation of base station nearer to each
other is costlier task. In this review article, we present a scheme using R-DSTC technique to
choose and select helpers (relay nodes) randomly to expand the coverage area and help to
mobile station as a helper to provide secure communication with base station. In this work,
we use full duplex helpers for better utilization of bandwidth.
Performance Evaluation of DSDV and MDSDV Routing Protocol with Varying Node D...
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is an important and challenging research area. The routing protocol should detect and maintain a good route between source and destination nodes in these dynamic networks. Many routing protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks, and none can be considered as the best under all conditions. This thesis work consist a systematic comparative evaluation of a new multipath routing protocol for MANETS. The new protocol, called Multipath Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (MDSDV) is based on the well known single path Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) is compared with known protocol DSDV. This work containing evaluates the protocols on a range of MANETS with between 50, 75 and 100 nodes, which are static nodes. The protocol comparison metrics are Throughput and Residual Energy.
5G network architecture progress
Objective is to include the brief insight on 5G network architecture and standard progress, Accumulated it from different paper/journal, vendor’s white paper and different blog.
DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION OF OVERLAP-AND-ADD LENGTH OVER MIMO MBOFDM SYSTEM BASED ...
An important role performed by Zero Padding (ZP) in multi-band OFDM (MB-OFDM) System. This role
show for low-complexity in résistance against multipath interference by reducing inter-carrier interference
(ICI) and eliminating the inter-symbol interference (ISI) Also, zero-padded suffix can be used to eliminate
ripples in the power spectral density in order to conform to FCC requirements. At the receiver of MB-OFDM system needs to use of a technique called as overlap-and-add (OLA). Which maintain the circular convolution property and take the multipath energy of the channel.In this paper, we proposed a method of performing overlap-and-add length for zero padded suffixes. Then,we studied the effect of this method, dynamic optimization of overlap-and-add (OLA) equalization, on the performance of MIMO MBOFDM system on Bit Error Rate (BER) with AWGN channel and SalehValenzuela (S-V) Multipath channel Model.In the dynamic optimization OLA, the Length of ZP depends on length of channel impulse response (CIR).
These measures, based on SNR, insert the ZP according to the measurement.Dynamic optimization of length of ZP improves the Performance of MIMO MBOFDM system. In fact wedeveloped a technique to select the length of ZP as function of SNR and CIR estimate. In our simulation
this technique improve to 0.6 dB at BER=10-2 with a multipath channels CM4
Device to Device Communication-5G technology
The latest topic on the 5G Technology that is cruising in the modern world and is used in recent android and other applications
4 g wireless_system (1)
This document provides an overview of 4G wireless systems. It discusses key features such as support for multimedia services, an all-IP packet switched network, and improved quality of service. The implementation of 4G is described as using a single worldwide IP standard for control, video, and voice. Wireless technologies enabled in 4G include OFDM, UWB, smart antennas, and adaptive modulation. Applications mentioned include use in vehicles, public safety, traffic control, and route selection for first responders. Issues addressed are choosing the optimal access technology and designing an IP architecture to support mobility.
Mobile ad-hoc network [autosaved]
This document discusses mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). It defines MANETs as wireless infrastructureless networks where each node is willing to forward data for other nodes. The document outlines the history of MANETs including early packet radio networks. It describes key features like multi-hop routing and the ability for nodes to join or leave the network dynamically. Examples applications discussed include military, disaster recovery, and sensor networks. Finally, the document notes limitations of MANETs such as bandwidth constraints, energy limitations, and security issues.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN) connects local area networks (LANs) over long distances using technologies like leased lines, DSL, frame relay, or VPNs. A WAN spans a larger geographic area than a LAN and uses networking devices like routers, switches, and modems. Common WAN technologies include leased lines, DSL, frame relay, cable internet, and SONET. WANs provide connectivity between LANs but usually at slower speeds and lower bandwidth compared to LANs. Security measures for WANs include firewalls, VPNs, and antivirus filtering.
Ad Hoc.pptx
This document discusses ad hoc and wireless sensor networks. It defines ad hoc networks as small, temporary networks without centralized devices that connect wireless nodes directly. Issues addressed include medium access control, routing, multicasting, transport layer protocols, quality of service, self-organization, security, energy management, addressing, and scalability. Ad hoc networks provide flexibility and mobility but have limitations such as unpredictable topology, interference, and limited security and bandwidth.
Cs6003 ahsn-add-qb
The document discusses ad hoc and sensor networks. It provides sample questions and answers related to various topics in this area. Some key points covered include:
- Characteristics of wireless channels include path loss, fading, interference, Doppler shift, and transmission rate constraints.
- Shannon's theorem states the maximum possible data rate on a noisy channel as a function of bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio.
- An ad hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network without any fixed infrastructure. It is suitable for situations where a wired network cannot be setup.
- Challenging issues in ad hoc network maintenance include medium access, routing, multicasting, transport layer protocols, pricing schemes, and quality of service
Aodv
The document provides an overview of routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and enhancements to reactive protocols. It discusses the key features of MANETs and challenges like security. It describes different routing strategies including proactive, reactive, and hybrid protocols. It provides details on reactive protocols like DSR and AODV. It focuses on enhancements to DSR including the watchdog and pathrater mechanisms to detect misbehaving nodes and select more reliable routes. The document is a technical paper that evaluates routing protocols and security issues in MANETs.
OPTIMUM NEIGHBORS FOR RESOURCECONSTRAINED MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS
The document discusses investigating the optimum number of neighbors for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with background on MANETs and their characteristics. It then reviews related work that has looked at optimizing parameters like transmission range and node density. The paper aims to find the optimum number of neighbors under static, low mobility, and high mobility conditions using simulations. It analyzes performance metrics like end-to-end delay, throughput, energy consumption, and routing overhead to determine if there is an optimum number and if it differs based on mobility. The document outlines the investigation and summarizes key related work to provide context.
Optimum Neighbors for Resource-Constrained Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
This paper presents an investigation on the optimum number of neighbors for mobile ad hoc networks
(MANETs). The MANETs are self-configuring and self-organizing networks. In such a network, energyconstrained mobile nodes share limited bandwidth to send their packets to the destinations. The mobile nodes
have a limited transmission range and they rely on their neighbors to deliver their packets. Hence, the mobile
nodes must be associated with the required (i.e., optimum) number of neighbors. As the number of neighbors
is varied, a trade-off exists between the network connectivity and available bandwidth per mobile node. To
investigate this issue, we consider Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) as the routing protocol and IEEE 802.11
as the MAC layer protocol in this work. We consider both static and dynamic scenarios in this work. We
simulated the ad hoc networks via network simulator (NS-2) and the simulation results show that there exists
an optimum number of neighbors for the static case. We also show that mobility has a grave impact on the
performance of the MANETs in terms of network throughput, end-to-end delay, energy consumption, and
packet loss. Hence, we need to increase the number of neighbors under mobility conditions. However, there
is no global optimum number of neighbors for the mobility case.
OPTIMUM NEIGHBORS FOR RESOURCECONSTRAINED MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS
Wireless networking has been an active research focus since the early days of the packet radio
network introduced by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) [1]. Recent
developments in wireless devices have made laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDA),
pagers, and cellular telephones portable. Now, users can carry these devices to any place at any
time. Hence, there is a need for a network that can be deployed at any place at any time without
any infrastructure support. In some cases, an infrastructure-based network is hard to build.
Networks used by the soldiers on the battlefield are worthwhile to mention here. In some cases,
infrastructures may not exist due to natural calamities such as cyclones, tsunami, and tornados.
Hence, there is always a need for setting up a temporary network among a group of users without
any pre-existing infrastructure and centralized administration. Mobile Ad hoc Networks
(MANETs) are considered suitable solutions for these kinds of temporary networks. MANETs
consist of a group of mobile nodes, which have limited battery and limited processing power.
MANETs are self-organizing and self-configuring networks and they can be deployed without any
infrastructure support. Numerous groundbreaking applications have been proposed based on
MANETs. These applications include disaster management, search and recovery, remote
International Journal of Ad hoc, Sensor & Ubiquitous Computing (IJASUC) Vol.12, No.2, April 2021
2
healthcare, tele-geoprocessing, education, traffic management, process control, and security [2].
These applications impose diversified design and performance constraints on the MANETs.
OPTIMUM NEIGHBORS FOR RESOURCECONSTRAINED MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS
This paper presents an investigation on the optimum number of neighbors for mobile ad hoc networks
(MANETs). The MANETs are self-configuring and self-organizing networks. In such a network, energyconstrained mobile nodes share limited bandwidth to send their packets to the destinations. The mobile nodes
have a limited transmission range and they rely on their neighbors to deliver their packets. Hence, the mobile
nodes must be associated with the required (i.e., optimum) number of neighbors. As the number of neighbors
is varied, a trade-off exists between the network connectivity and available bandwidth per mobile node. To
investigate this issue, we consider Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) as the routing protocol and IEEE 802.11
as the MAC layer protocol in this work. We consider both static and dynamic scenarios in this work. We
simulated the ad hoc networks via network simulator (NS-2) and the simulation results show that there exists
an optimum number of neighbors for the static case. We also show that mobility has a grave impact on the
performance of the MANETs in terms of network throughput, end-to-end delay, energy consumption, and
packet loss. Hence, we need to increase the number of neighbors under mobility conditions. However, there
is no global optimum number of neighbors for the mobility case.
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Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up Slides
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
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Enabling D2D communication in mmWave 5G networks
- 1. ENABLING DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATIONS IN MILLIMETER-WAVE 5G CELLULAR NETWORKS By Bayar Shahab
- 2. OUTLINE ֍ What is mmWave band? ֍ what is D2D communication? ֍ Enabling D2D communication in mmWave ֍ 5G network architecture ֍ MAC layer in mmWave 5G ֍ Resource sharing scheme 2 1/14/2017
- 3. WHAT IS MMWAVE BAND? ▪ High frequency band b/w 30 GHZ-300GHZ (EHF) ▪ High data rate up to 10 Gb/s ▪ Short wavelength(Ranges about a kilometer) ▪ Narrow beamwidth(security + less interference) ▪ In door and outdoor(mesh) types 3 1/14/2017
- 4. WHAT IS MMWAVE BAND? 4 1/14/2017 Mesh type mmWave can be used as a backbone network. Thus, replacing Fiber links. So, mmWave base stations Can communicate directly without a physical Link and through high directional antennas.
- 5. WHAT IS D2D COMMUNICATION? D2D communication is to provide connection between two wireless devices directly or via hopping Local D2D communications In local D2D communication wireless devices within one small cell are communicating with each other directly without referring to the base station and if LOS is not available via a relay in between them Global D2D communications – b/w two different base stations 1/14/2017 5
- 6. ENABLING D2D COMMUNICATION IN MMWAVE 1/14/2017 6 ▪ Enabling D2D communications is possible in mmWave band via high propagation loos and directional antennas ▪ Interference exists between local D2D or D2B/B2B ▪ Interference can be considered using the resource sharing scheme
- 7. 5G NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 1/14/2017 7 Combination of: - 4G base stations - MmWave base stations - wireless devices
- 8. MAC LAYER IN MMWAVE 5G 1/14/2017 8 ▪ TDMA with super frames ▪ CAT(channel access time) ▪ Polling ,polling response and PIFS(polling inter frame space) ▪ Intermediate node(when LOS is not available)
- 9. MAC LAYER IN MMWAVE 5G 1/14/2017 9 Multiple links are communicating within one time slot
- 10. RESOURCE SHARING SCHEME ▪ Enabled D2D communication in mmWave have interference ▪ Resource sharing can overcome the problem of interference ▪ The base station makes the decision of the resource sharing ▪ Non-orthogonal resource sharing is used(NOS) ▪ Using same resources for all links ▪ Only non-interfering links are allocated to each time slot to share the resources. The concurrent transmission condition is that two links can operate simultaneously without interference if and only if any transmitter is outside the beamwidth of the other receiver or does not direct its beam to the other receiver if it is within the beamwidth of the other receiver 1/14/2017 10
- 12. REFERENCES [1] L.Greenemeier, (2015, Jun.23), Will Millimeter Waves Maximize 5G Wireless?, available : http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/willmillimeter- waves-maximize-5g-wireless/ [2] Engineering and Technology History Wiki, (2015, Sep.17),Millimeter Waves , Available: http://www.ethw.org/Millimeter Waves [3] Equinox telecom, (N.D), MILLI-METER WAVE / EBAND 5G WIRELESS SOLUTIONS, available: http://www.equinoxtelecom.com/technologies-milli-meter-wave.php [4] Qiao, Jian et al. ”Enabling Device-To-Device Communications In Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Networks”. IEEE magazine 2015: 209-215. Print 1/14/2017 12
Editor's Notes
- I will show it to you in the 5G architecture , how base stations communicating directly with each other
- I will show it to you as well in the 5G architecture the local D2D communication
- 1- wireless devices within one small cell are communicating with each other directly without referring to the base station 2- mmWave base stations communicating directly with each other without physical link 3- Low data rate applications like text messaging, voice calling are using 4G base stations while high data-rate multimedia applications are using mmWave base stations
- 1- Cellular network does not have a local D2D communication and that reduces the connectivity of the link. 2- The random selection scheme will randomly selects links to share the resource. This could be better than cellular one yet, the chosen links may interference with each other sometimes. 3- Finally, the proposed resource sharing will provide a stable and high data rate connectivity due to its effective algorithm for choosing non interfering links to communicate at the same time slot.