This document summarizes 5 research papers on device-to-device (D2D) communication in cellular networks. Paper 1 proposes a protocol for full duplex D2D communication and shows it improves cell capacity and throughput. Paper 2 provides a survey and taxonomy of over 100 papers on D2D communication and identifies open problems. Paper 3 proposes a distributed random access scheme for collision avoidance in D2D communication. Paper 4 analyzes interference coordination techniques for D2D communication underlying cellular networks. Paper 5 studies joint resource allocation to improve the energy efficiency of D2D communication.

1. CIIT Attock
Advance Communication System
Engineering
Assignment # 2
TOPIC:Device to Device Communication in Cellular Networks
Aroosa Amanat
CIIT/FA16-REE-005/ATK
MS-EE Fall 2016
10/17/2016
Department Of ElectricalEngineering
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Attock Campus

2. 1
1. Paper Title: Full Duplex Device to Device Communication in Cellular Networks [1]
Author:
Sanghoon Kim and Wayne Stark
Problem:
In cellular networks, two separate frequencies are used to enable simultaneous transmission and
reception for half duplex radios. For simultaneous transmission and reception full duplex radios are
proposed but they are for short range communication.
System Model:
Device to device communication is short range communication. In this paper full duplex D2D
communication network is analyzed with a total 10MHz band and is based on the orthogonal frequency
division multiple access (OFDMA).This paper present the following system models:
A. Channel Model:When the transmitted signal power on a particular frequency is Pt,the
received signal power at a distance d1 is
𝑃𝑟 = |ℎ2|
𝑃𝑡
𝑑1
𝛼
B. Radio Model: Radios are equipped with two antennas one for transmission and one for
reception. Analog and digital interference cancellation are used to partially cancel the self-
interference.
C. D2D communication Model: The first step is discovery (service discovery protocols such as
Flash LINQ and Wi-Fi Direct) and the second step is D2D communication setup (with the
help of base station).
D. Infrastructure based communication Model:There can be two cases, the first case is the
communication between the User Equipment’s in the same cell and the second case is an UE
connects to an entity outside the cell.
Techniques: In the first step of performance analysis, researchers compare the throughput of
communication between 2 UEs in the same cell when they use full duplex communication and
infrastructure based communication with the assumption that two UEs are separated by 100m, the
distance from each UE to the base station is assumed to be equal for both UEs and is varied from 100m
to 900m.
Novelty: This paper proposed a protocol for the adoption of full duplex D2D communication in
cellular networks and shows that the proposed protocol and full duplex D2D communication
improves the cell capacity as well as the effective throughput between two users. Conclusion of this
paper is that D2D communication can be an effective way for increasing bandwidth efficiency.
2. Paper Title: A Survey on Device-to-Device Communication in Cellular Networks [2]
Author:
Arash Asadi, Qing Wang and Vincenzo Mancuso
Problem:
The initial studies showed that D2D communications has advantages but this communication mode
introduces complications that are still open research problems. To date,there are more than 100 papers
available on D2D communications in cellular networks, but there is no survey on this field.

3. 2
System Model:
This paper provided an extensive survey on the available literature on D2D communications in cellular
networks and categorized the available literature based on the communication spectrum of D2D
transmission into two major groups, namely, in band and out band. The works under in band D2D were
further divided into underlay and overlay. Out band D2D related literature was also sub categorized as
controlled and autonomous. This survey showed that D2D communication in cellular networks is
immature and there are still numerous open issues such asinterference management, power control, etc.
Techniques:
This paper provide a taxonomy based on the D2D communicating spectrum and review the available
literature extensively under the proposed taxonomy that lead to identify open research problems of
D2D communications in cellular networks.
Novelty:
This paper provide a survey on D2D communication in cellular network and also shed light on some
possible research directions needed to improve the understanding of D2D potentialities for real world
applications.
3. Paper Title: Distributed Random Access Scheme for Collision Avoidance in Cellular
Device-to-Device Communication [3]
Author:
Ewaldo Zihan, Kae Won Choi and Dong in Kim
Problem:
The Device 2 Device link generate serious interference to other D2D links as well as cellular devices.
System Model:
The paper presents following system models
A. Network Model
B. Time-Frequency Domain Model
C. Control Channel Model
D. Data Channel Model
Techniques:
This paper analyze the proposed scheme by using a stochastic geometry-based approach. For analysis,
researchers assume that the deployment of devices follows a Poisson point process (PPP) and obtain
the performance measures, such as the channel access probability and the outage probability. In
addition, researcher show, by simulation, that the proposed scheme outperforms a distributed D2D
scheme without collision avoidance and the existing distributed resource allocation scheme (i.e., Flash
LINQ).
Novelty:
This paper propose a fully-distributed random access protocol for collision avoidance in cellular D2D
communications. The proposed scheme employs a competition mechanism, conceptually similar to
CSMA/CA.

4. 3
4. Paper Title: Interference Shaping for Device-to-Device Communication in Cellular
Networks [4]
Author: Michael Newinger, Andreas Dotzler, Wolfgang Utschick
Problem:
Device-to-Device communication as underlay to cellular networks is likely to be incorporated into
future communication systems. In this contribution the uplink of a cellular network is interfered by a
Device to-Device communication link operating on the same wireless resource.
System Model:
The communication scenario is depicted in Fig. 1. Researcherassume a cellular uplink from user C to
the base station and a D2D link between devices B and A. The channels between C and the base station
and the D2D channel are denoted 𝐻𝑐 = 𝐶 𝑀×𝑁 𝐶 and 𝐻 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐶 𝑁 𝐴×𝑁 𝐵, respectively. The base station has
perfect Channel State Information (CSI) for HB and HC, whereas the D2D channel HBA is known to
B, only.
Figure 1 Communication Scenario
Techniques:
This paper analyzed the influence of different interference coordination techniques on the performance
of Device-to-Device communication links underlying cellular networks. The transmit strategies for up-
and D2D link were optimized separately by using a worst case assumption for the interference caused
at the base station.
Novelty:
To coordinate interference this paper devise a new approach for the design of interference covariance
shapes for the Device to-Device link that are superior to state-of-the-art interference temperature
constraints in terms of achievable rate regions.
5. Paper Title: Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Device-to-Device Underlay
Communication [5]
Author:
Feiran Wang, Chen Xu, Ling yang Song and Zhu Han
Problem:
The allocation of radio and power resources to D2D communication needs elaborate coordination, as
D2D communication can cause interference to cellular communication.

5. 4
System Model:
In this paper, the expected battery lifetime is considered as an important optimization parameter. The
energy consumption of D2D UEs includes two parts, the transmission energy and the circuit energy. To
capture the non-linear effect, we model the battery lifetime l using Peukert’s law
𝑙 =
𝐶
𝐼𝑎
Where C= battery capacity, I = discharge current, a= constant around 1.3.
The utility function for each UE
𝑢 𝑖 = 𝑟𝑖 𝑙𝑖
This is a metric for energy efficiency, since energy efficiency is the ratio of the quantity of data to the
energy consumption. Rather than the traditional instantaneous energy efficiency, this metric
characterizes the expected data during battery lifetime, which is more practical, and better in capturing
energy efficiency.
Techniques:
This paper consider joint power and radio resource allocation for D2D communication, and energy
efficiency is considered as optimization objective since the devices are handheld equipment’s with
limited battery capacity.
Novelty:
This paper study joint channel and power allocation to improve the energy efficiency of user equipment
and to solve the problem efficiently introduce an iterative combinatorial auction algorithm.
References:
[1] Kim, Sanghoon, and Wayne Stark. "Full duplex device to device communication in cellular
networks." Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2014 International Conference
on. IEEE, 2014.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.sci-hub.cc/document/6785425/
[2] Asadi, Arash, Qing Wang, and Vincenzo Mancuso. "A survey on device-to-device communication
in cellular networks." IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 16.4 (2014): 1801-1819.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.sci-hub.cc/document/6805125/
[3] Zihan, Ewaldo, Kae Won Choi, and Dong In Kim. "Distributed random access scheme for collision
avoidance in cellular device-to-device communication."IEEE Transactions on Wireless
Communications 14.7 (2015): 3571-3585.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.sci-hub.cc/document/7053953/
[4] Newinger, Michael, Andreas Dotzler, and Wolfgang Utschick. "Interference shaping for device-to-
device communication in cellular networks." 2015 IEEE International Conference on
Communications (ICC). IEEE, 2015.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.sci-hub.cc/document/7248969/
[5] Wang, Feiran, et al. "Energy-efficient resource allocation for device-to-device underlay
communication." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications14.4 (2015): 2082-2092.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.sci-hub.cc/document/6981957/