Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Networks * Features of Millimeter wave * Architecture of 5G cellular network * Challenges and Scope of 5G network

1. 1
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications
in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Networks
Presented By :
Naresh Biloniya
Indian Institute of information Technology
Kota

2. Table of Content
2
Abstract
Introduction
MM Wave D2D Communication
Network Architecture
Medium Access Control
Resource Sharing
Conclusion

3. Abstract
3
 Millimeter–wave communication is a promising technology for future 5G cellular
network to provide very high data rate( multi-gigabits-per-second) for mobile
devices.
 Enabling D2D communication over directional MM wave networks is of critical
importance to efficiently use the large bandwidth to increase the network capacity.
 Propagation feature and issues related to MM wave communication and the
associated impacts on 5G cellular networks.

4. Introduction
4
• The use of mobile devices has been increasing in an exponential fashion
for past few years.
• The demand of data transfer rate and traffic capacity of mobile
communication is growing rapidly.
• Future fifth generation (5G) cellular networks are being developed to
satisfy dramatically increasing data traffic.
• Millimeter-wave (MM Wave) communication is a very promising solution
for future 5G cellular networks.
• A MM Wave communication system has very large bandwidth (multiple
gigahertz), which can be translated directly to much higher data rates.
https://www.wilsonpro.com/blog/

5. 5
WHAT IS MM WAVE ?
▪ High frequency band b/w 30 GHZ-300GHZ
▪ High data rate up to 10 Gb/s
▪ Short wavelength(Ranges about a kilometer)
▪ Narrow beam width (security + less interference)
Image Source : Research Paper

6. MM wave D2D communication
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D2D communication is to provide connection between
two wireless devices directly or via hopping .
• In local D2D communication wireless devices within
one small cell directly without referring to the base
station and if LOS is not available via a relay in
between them
 Global D2D communications – b/w two different base
stations
 Interference
Highly directional antenna is used to avoid the
interference
Image source : https://en.wikipedia.org

7. 7
 Path Loss
Free space propagation loss is very high.
 So A high-gain directional antenna is favored to compensate for the
tremendous propagation loss.
 diffracting around obstacles
Line of-sight (LOS) transmissions can easily be blocked by the
obstacles Since non-LOS (NLOS) transmissions in MM Wave
channels suffer from significant attenuation.
 To reduce attenuation small cells are created .
 limited penetration capability
at 40 GHz, 178 dB attenuation for brick wall and over 20 dB
attenuation for a painted board.
Issues related to millimeter wave
Image source : https://en.wikipedia.org

8. 8
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
• current 4G cellular networks can provide seamless coverage
and reliable communications because of the lower
frequency band.
• For smooth and cost-efficient transition from 4G to 5G, 5G
cellular networks use the hybrid 4G+mmWave system
structure shown in Figure.
• Interference among MM Wave concurrent links are
negligible, and directional MM Wave communication links
can be considered as pseudo-wired.
Image Source : Research Paper

9. 9
Medium Access Control
• Time-division multiple access (TDMA) is
adopted for MM Wave channel access in
5G networks
Image Source : Research Paper

10. RESOURCE SHARING
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 RESOURCE SHARING MODES
Generally, there are two resource sharing modes in the network:
• Non-orthogonal sharing (NOS) mode:
Local D2D links and D2B/B2B links reuse the same resource, causing interference with each other. The base
station coordinates the usage of resources (e.g., transmission power and time slot) for both kinds of links.
• Orthogonal sharing (OS) mode:
Local D2D links use part of the resources while the other resources are allocated to D2B/B2B links. Thus,
there is no interference between them, which simplifies the resource sharing.
Although orthogonal sharing mode can make resource sharing simple,
but non-orthogonal sharing provides better resource utilization efficiency with proper sharing schemes.
In this article, the non-orthogonal sharing mode is adopted for multiple concurrent links under the control
of the base station.

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 RESOURCE SHARING SCHEME DESIGN
• The proposed resource sharing
scheme is very useful, especially for a
dense network in the urban area.
• The proposed resource sharing
scheme uses multi hop transmission
with relays to deal with link blockage.
• A relaying mechanism can reduce the
link outage probability by replacing a
blocked link with an alternative path
with two links
Image Source : Research Paper

12. Conclusion And Future Research
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 We discussed the suitability of MM Wave band for 5G cellular networks and proposed a
resource sharing scheme.
 Some features of MM wave and issues associated with it were discussed.
 High transmission rate and aggregate capacity, MM Wave base stations may be densely
deployed, especially for urban areas.
 So mobile users may have to hand off frequently between Mm Wave base stations
frequent handoffs with directional antennas in MM Wave 5G cellular networks.
 Thus to find the frequent hand off scheme is the next challenge.

13. References
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1. Qiao, Jian, Xuemin Sherman Shen, Jon W. Mark, Qinghua Shen, Yejun He, and Lei Lei.
"Enabling device-to-device communications in millimeter-wave 5G cellular
networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 1 (2015): 209-215.
2. https://www.slideshare.net/Bayarshahab1/enabling-d2d-communication-in-mmwave-5g-
networks/3
3. http://www.zseries.in/telecom%20lab/telecom%20generations/#.W8zWZnR1PIU
4. https://ethw.org/Millimeter_Waves

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Thank You