Adhoc wireless networks are collections of two or more devices that can communicate directly within their radio range and through intermediate nodes outside their radio range. They can take different forms and be mobile, standalone, or networked. Wireless sensor networks consist of minute sensors that help predict decisions through data fusion of acoustic, seismic, image, heat, direction, smoke, and temperature data. They face challenges including device fabrication, power conservation, efficient protocols, distributed computation, data dissemination, scalability, and security. Challenges in adhoc networks also include spectrum allocation, media access, routing, multicasting, energy efficiency, TCP performance, service location and provisioning, and security and privacy.