Uploaded byKamran Hassan
EMI and EMP Protection and Shielding
The document discusses electromagnetic interference (EMI), electromagnetic pulse (EMP), and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), detailing their definitions, sources, effects on electronic equipment, and applicable military standards for protection. It outlines preventive measures, including shielding techniques, surge protection, and specific military standards for C4I facilities. The document provides various options for shielding and power supply integrity during such electromagnetic events and the associated advantages and disadvantages of each method.
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EMI and EMP Protection and Shielding
- 2. 1/14/2018 2 ● Part– I What is EMI, EMP and EMC? ● Part – II Causes / sources of EMI and EMP ● Part – III Effects of EMI and EMP ● Part – IV Mil Stds for EMI / EMP Protection of C4I Facilities ● Part – V Preventive Measures
- 3. 1/14/2018 3 What isEMI, EMP and EMC? Definition
- 4. Unwanted Signal andInterference Definition
- 5. Electromagnetic Pulse- Powerful pulse of short duration and high intensity electromagnetic radiation such as lightening or nuclear explosion. Nuclear Blast Definition
- 6. • Ability ofIT Eqpt to operate in proximity of electromagnetic envmt (EMI&EMP), without causing or suffering unacceptable degradation in output or performance Definition
- 7. • 100% electronicshielding and containment. • No EMI signal can enter inside DC Definition
- 8. No Signals cango outside Definition
- 9. Signals interfere withdevice / sys Definition
- 10. EMI EMP EMI isa low intensity interference EMP is a high intensity interference Interfere the electronic / electrical devices but does not cause damage It damages electrical / electronic eqpt Definition
- 11. 1/14/2018 11 Causes /Sources of EMI and EMP? Definition Causes
- 12. Comm / SigTowersTx LinesMobile PhonesElectronic DevicesThunderstroms Definition Causes
- 13. HV Tx LinesHighPower Electronic Devices Lightning Nucleur Blast Definition Causes
- 14. 1/14/2018 14 Effects ofEMI and EMP? Definition Causes Effects
- 15. • Unaval ofSvc (Shut Down) Definition Causes Effects
- 16. HACKER • Stealing ofData – Cyber Attk Definition Causes Effects
- 17. Degrade theperformance of IT Devices or cause malfunctioning – Undesirable response Definition Causes Effects
- 18. Cause elecfire and burning of electronic devices Nuclear Blast Definition Causes Effects
- 19. Degrade theperformance of IT Devices or cause malfunctioning – Undesirable response Definition Causes Effects
- 20. • Complete Damageto IT Devices causing complete blackout. Definition Causes Effects
- 21. Degrade theperformance of IT Devices or cause malfunctioning – Undesirable response Comm / Sig Towers
- 22.
- 23. 103 1010 EMI 104 1011 RFI 103108 EMP 1010 • EMI / RFI - 10KHz to 300GHz • EMP - 3 KHz – 300 GHz • NEMP - 1KHz to 100 MHz • NNEMP - 200MHz to 5GHz
- 24. EMI /RFI - 20 dB (10 times higher than normal lvl) EMP - 20-90 dB (10-30000 times higher) NEMP - 20-90 dB (10-30000 times higher) NNEMP - 30-60 dB (30-1000 times higher) Definition Causes Effects
- 25. EMI -20 dB RFI - 20 dB EMP - 20-90 dB NEMP - 20-40 dB or 60-90 dB NNEMP - 30-60 dB HEMP - 20-40 dB
- 26.
- 27. 1/14/2018 27 Mil StdsFor EMI / EMP Protection of C4I Facility Definition Causes Effects Stds
- 28. MIL-STD-188-125-1 FixedC4I Facilities MIL-STD-188-125-2 Transportable C4I Facilities MIL-STD-461 Test equipment for electromagnetic compatibility 1/14/2018 28 Definition Causes Effects Stds
- 29. Standard forEMP hardening of fixed ground-based and transportable C4I facilities and prescribed fol:- Min performance Req Min test req Design and test criteria 1/14/2018 29 Definition Causes Effects Stds
- 30. 1/14/2018 30 Preventive Measures– EMI / EMP Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 31. 1/14/2018 31 Faradays Cage ShieldingCover Al / Cu / Steel 1 Use Shielded Power Cable 2 Proper Earthing3 Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 32. 1/14/2018 32 Option I Shieldingat Device lvl Not Recom Option II Shielding Enclosures Recom Option III Shielding of Room Not Recom Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 33. Option 1: Shielding at component or device Lvl (individual SW, FW or Chassis etc) Pros : No need to design Big infra for shielding No structural changes req Cons : Expensive Req lot of time for implementation Difficult to implement Difficult to op and maint Concl : Not Recom 1/14/2018 33 Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 34. Option 2: Shielding Enclosures – Faraday’s cage (at Row Lvl ) Pros : No need to design Big infra for shielding No structural changes req Customized solns are aval Easy to implement Not Expensive Cons : Racks are req to disassemble Req 1 week time to implement Cooling may be disturb but honeycomb vents can compensate Concl : Recom 1/14/2018 34 Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 35. Option 3: Shielding of Room (6 sided shielding of room ) Cons : Need to design Big infra for shielding Structural changes req Ceiling changes are req Floor changes are req Difficult to implement Expensive Racks are req to disassemble Req lot of time to implement Concl : Not Recom 1/14/2018 35 Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 36. 1/14/2018 36 Lvl 2: Meet or exceed lvl 1 req • Surge protection device on power cord, data and comm cables • Dedicated EMP protected power supply • Double conversion UPS • Use fiber optics • Shielded cable • Shielded Rack, Room or facility • EMP filters • Lvl 1 : • Turn off eqpt – unplug power and data / comm lines • Wrap spare electronic eqpt with aluminum foil • Dedicated EMP protected backup power supply for 1 week Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 37. 1/14/2018 37 Lvl 4: Meet or exceed lvl 3 req • Use Military EMP std MIL-STD-188-125-1 • 80+ dB shielding protection • Double door EMP protected safe entry • 30+ days of EMP protected power backup Lvl 3: Meet or exceed lvl 2 req • Use civ EMP protection std (IEC SC77C) • 30-80 dB shielding protection through 10GHz • SPD for eqpt outside shielded area • Single door EMP safe entry • 30 days EMP protected power backup Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 38. 1/14/2018 38 Signal /telecom Line Lightening Arrester 5 2 Surge Protection Device3 Lightening Protection Device4 Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 39. 1/14/2018 39 Paint Range Copperconductive EMI shielding appl (>30 MHz) Silver conductive Higher freq EMI shielding appl Nickel Conductive Lower freq EMI shielding appl Graphite conductive ESD prevention appls Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 40. Conductive Paintthickness – 0.025 mm to 0.050 mm Pros : Easy to use – spray Cost effective Cons : Mostly all conductive paint are designed for plastic casing of devices. Paint can’t block medium and low freq signal. Such paint can’t be used for masonry work. Paints deteriorate with time – making shielding highly ineffective. It may not be used for more than 3’ x 3’ x 3’ dimension. Attenuation lvl is less (<30 dB) Concl : Not Recom1/14/2018 40
- 41. EMI ShieldingGaskets – use to avoid gaps and completely contain the shielding 1/14/2018 41 Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 42. Stainless Steelenclosures Fabric Enclosures 1/14/2018 42 Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 43. EMI ShieldingFabric - 35 to 45 dB Protection with double layer made of strong and conductive textile Ni/Cu/Co Fabric Tape 1/14/2018 43 Definition Causes Effects Stds Preventive Measures
- 44. 1/14/2018 44 Final Req DefinitionCauses Effects Stds Preventive Measures Final Req
- 45. 1/14/2018 45 Preventive measure Faradayscage on double row (HAC) :- • Material – Copper (preferred steel) • Cage - 3-6 mm thickness • 80+ dB shielding protection • Double door EMP protected entry Surge protection device at svc entrance – Type 1 Surge protection device at distribution / sub panels – Type 2 Surge protection device at point of use (ferrites) – Type 3 Generator with 30+ days backup must be EMP protected Double conversion UPS Shielded cable Proper grounding Lightening arrester Proper cable layout (metal cable tray and tight bundles etc) Power Line Filters Data / Signal Line Filters
- 46. Definition Causes EffectsStds Preventive Measures Final Req
- 48.