This document provides information about various embedded systems applications including automobiles, washing machines, dishwashers, microwaves, and printers. It discusses how embedded systems are designed to perform specific functions compared to general purpose computers. The history of embedded systems is traced back to 1976 with the introduction of the Intel 4004 microprocessor. Real-time applications in automobiles and home appliances are described.

1. Embedded Systems Application
• Arbind H. Yadav
Roll No :- 48
FYIT

2. What Is an Embedded Systems ?
 An embedded system is a combination of
computer hardware and software, and
perhaps additional mechanical or
other parts, designed to perform a
specific function .
 This is in direct contrast to the
personal computer in the family room.
 It too is comprised of computer
hardware and software and
mechanical components
 A personal computer is not designed
to perform a specific function.

3. History
 The first such system could not be
possibly have appeared before
1976.That was the year Intel introduced
the world’s first microprocessor .This
chip, the 4004, was designed for use in
a line of business calculator produced
by the Japanese company Busicom . In
1969,Busicom asked Intel to design a set
of custom integrated circuit-one for
each of there new calculator models.
The 4004 was response.

4. Pin out daigram

5. Intel 4004 Architecture

6. Real Time Applications
Automobiles
• Almost every car that rolls off the production
line these days makes use of embedded
technology in one form or the other; most of the
embedded systems in automobiles are rugged in
nature, as most of these systems are made up of
a single chip. No driver clashes or 'systems busy'
conditions happen in these systems. Their
compact profiles enable them to fit easily under
the cramped hood of a car. These systems can be
used to implement features ranging from
adjustment of the suspension to suit road
conditions and the octane content in the fuel to
antilock braking systems (ABS) and security
systems.

7. Washing machine
• A washing machine is a
machine designed to wash dirty
clothes. Washing machines
contain "drums" into which the
clothes are placed; this drum is
filled with water, and then
rotated fast to make the water
remove dirt from the clothes.
Most washing machines are made
so that you can put liquids or
powders into the machine that
will help make the clothes
cleaner.

8. Dishwaser
• A dishwasher is a mechanical device for cleaning
dishes and eating utensils. Dishwashers can be found
in restaurants and private homes.
• Unlike manual dishwashing, which relies largely on
physical scrubbing to remove soiling, the mechanical
dishwasher cleans by spraying hot water, typically
between 55 to 75 °C (130 to 170 °F) at the dishes,
with lower temperatures used for delicate items. A mix
of water and detergent is used for cleaning purposes,
followed by clean water to remove the detergent
residue. Some dishwashers have multiple wash and
rinse periods within the complete cycle. In some
dishwashers, a rinsing aid (also called rinse aid) can
be added to the rinse cycle to improve drying and
avoid water spots remaining on dry items.

9. Microwave

10. How to use a
microwave ?
• Food is placed inside the oven,
and buttons on the screen are
pressed to set how long the
food should be cooked. A
microwave oven is one of the
fastest ways of cooking.

11. How it works
• The microwave oven uses a magnetron. This is
similar to a radio transmitter. It makes very
short radio waves which go right into the food to
a depth of about 2.5cm. This makes water
molecules swing to and fro at about 2.5 billion
times a second. This heats up the molecules
around it. As they heat up the heat goes to the
inside of the food. This process is called
conduction. This also happens in a normal oven,
but the energy goes deeper so that the food
cooks much faster. In an ordinary oven the
energy stays mostly near the surfaceS

12. printer
• A Lexmark printer
• A printer is a piece of
hardware for a computer.
It is a device that must be
connected to a computer
which allows a user to
print items on paper, such
as letters and pictures. It
can also work with digital
cameras to print directly
without the use of a
computer.