The document presents an overview of embedded systems and their applications, highlighting the role of CETPA Infotech as a leading training provider in this field. It defines embedded systems, illustrates key components like microcontrollers, and contrasts microprocessors with microcontrollers. Additionally, it discusses development tools, real-time operation, and the significance of specific embedded applications across various industries.

1. GEETA Engineering College
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
EMBEDDED SYSTEM BASICS
AND APPLICATION
PPrerseesnetendt ebdy: by:
OWAIS MUSHTAQ
R.No. 4912329
ECE 3RD YEAR
Presented to:
Er. VIKAS JINDAL
Asst. Professor

2. About COMPANY
 CETPA INFOTECH PVT LTD is the leader in the “specialized training”
brands of India certified by ISO 9001:2008 for its optimum quality.
 CETPA INFOTECH is the largest training service provider in various
engineering domains for all Engineering students as well as for the
working professionals.
 It has an extensive experience of nurturing over 20000+ technical,
hardworking and brilliant students in the past few emerging great years.
 CETPA has been awarded as the “Best IT and Embedded Training
Company” for 4 consecutive years for delivering high quality training and
workshops at more than 500 colleges across India.
 It is a trustworthy brand in Education and Training industry with its presence
across several cities such as Noida, Roorkee, Lucknow and Dehradun. The
company has started 12 years back and are continuously expanding having
overseas branches in Germany and Ukraine.
2

3. 3
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED
• System
• Embedded System
• Components
• Processor
• Microcontroller
• Software's
• Applications

4. 4
INTRODUCTION
What is a system?
• A system is a way of working,
organizing or doing one or many
tasks according to a fixed plan,
program or set of rules.
• A system is also an arrangement in
which all its units assemble and
work together according to the plan
or program.

5. 5
SYSTEM EXAMPLES
WATCH
It is a time display SYSTEM
Parts: Hardware, Needles, Battery, Dial,
Chassis and Strap
Rules
1.All needles move clockwise only
2.A thin needle rotates every second
3.A long needle rotates every minute
4.A short needle rotates every hour
5.All needles return to the original position after 12 hours

6. 6
SYSTEM EXAMPLES
WASHING MACHINE
It is an automatic clothes washing SYSTEM
Parts: Status display panel, Switches & Dials, Motor,
Power supply & control unit, Inner water level sensor and
solenoid valve.
Rules
1.Wash by spinning
2.Rinse
3.Drying
4.Wash over by blinking
5.Each step display the process stage
6.In case interruption, execute only the remaining

7. Its software embeds in
ROM (Read Only Memory).
It does not need
secondary memories as in
a computer
7
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Definition: An Embedded System is one that has
computer hardware with software embedded in it as
one of its important components.
SOFTWARE PROGRAM
#include <16f876a.h>
#use delay (clock=20000000)
#byte PORTB=6
main()
{
set_tris_b(0);
portb=255; //decimal
delay_ms(1000);
portb=0x55; //hexadecimal
delay_ms(1000);
portb=0b10101010; //binary
delay_ms(500);
}
HARDWARE

8. 8
COMPONENTS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
• It has Hardware
Processor, Timers, Interrupt controller, I/O Devices, Memories, Ports,
etc.
• It has main Application Software
Which may perform concurrently the series of tasks or multiple tasks.
• It has Real Time Operating System (RTOS)
RTOS defines the way the system work. Which supervise the application
software. It sets the rules during the execution of the application
program. A small scale embedded system may not need an RTOS.

9. 9
EMBEDDED SYSTEM HARDWARE

10. EMBEDDED SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS
An embedded system is designed to keep in view
three constraints:
10
– Available system memory
– Available processor speed
– The need to limit the power dissipation
When running the system continuously in cycles of wait for
events, run, stop and wakeup.

11. DEVELOPMENT TOOLS FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEM
.
ASSEMBLER COMPILER
11
DEVELOPMENT
TOOLS FOR
EMBEDDED
SYSTEM
OPERATING
SYSTEM(RTOS)
DEBUGGER
SIMULATOR
EMULATOR

12. What makes embedded systems different?
12
• Real-time operation
• size
• cost
• time
• reliability
• safety
• energy
• security

13. 13
PROCESSOR
• A Processor is the heart of the Embedded
System.
• For an embedded system designer
knowledge of microprocessor and
microcontroller is must.
Two Essential Units: Operations
Control Unit (CU), Fetch
Execution Unit (EU) Execute

14. MICROPROCESSOR Vs MICROCONTROLLER
14
MICROPROCESSOR MICROCONTROLLER
It has only CPU inside them, these don’t
have RAM, ROM, and other
peripherals.
It has a CPU, in addition with a fixed
amount of RAM, ROM and other
peripherals all embedded on a single
chip.
Microprocessor find applications where
tasks are unspecific like developing
software, games, websites, photo editing,
creating documents etc.
Microcontrollers are designed to
perform specific tasks. For example,
keyboards, mouse, washing machine,
etc.
Microprocessor is costlier.
A microcontroller is far cheaper than
a microprocessor.
It is used for designing general
purpose digital computers system
They are used for designing
application specific dedicated
systems

15. 15
MICROCONTROLLER
• A microcontroller is a functional computer
system-on-a-chip.
• It contains a processor, memory, and
programmable input/output peripherals.
• Microcontrollers include an integrated
CPU, memory (a small amount of RAM,
program memory, or both) and peripherals
capable of input and output.

16. VARIOUS MICROCONTROLLERS
16
INTEL
8031,8032,8051,8052,8751,8752
PIC
8-bit PIC16, PIC18,
16-bit DSPIC33 / PIC24,
PIC16C7x
Motorola
MC68HC11

17. 17
PIC 18F458
• PIC18F458 is a 8 bit microcontroller which gives high
computational performance at economical price.
• It has on chip peripherals like flash EEPROM, RAM, enhanced
addressable USART, A/D channels.
• It has 32 Kbytes flash memory available as program memory.
• PIC18F458 has 8 A/D channels and thus a number of sensors
can be connected.
• It has enhanced addressable USART.

18. 18
PIN DESCRIPTION

19. 19
FEATURES:
Some of the features of PIC 18f458:
•Operating frequency – 40MHZ
•Internal bytes (Flash) – 32k
•Data memory (bytes) – 1536
•Data EEPROM (bytes) – 256
•Interrupt Sources – 21
•Input/output Ports – A,B,C,D,E (5)
•10 bit ADC – 8 input channel
•Packages – 40 pin DIP
44 pin

20. 20
INTERFACING DC MOTOR WITH PIC

21. Some points regarding dc motor interfacing:
• Dc motor are not directly interfaced with PIC
18f458.
• We need an IC L293D for interfacing of DC
motor.
• L293D is known as Driver IC used for
amplification.
• When working on Proteus we can directly
interface DC motor with PIC as shown in
previous slide.
21

22. 22
PROGRAM CODING:
#define sw1 PORTA.RA1
#define sw2 PORTA.RA2
void main()
{
ADCON1=0x07;
TRISD=0x00;
TRISA=0xFF;
while(1)
{
if(sw1==1&&sw2==1)
{
PORTD=0x09;
delay_ms(500);
}

23. 23
Continue…
else if(sw1==1&&sw2==0)
{
PORTD=0x05;
delay_ms(500);
}
else if(sw1==0&&sw2==1)
{
PORTD=0x0A;
delay_ms(500);
}
else
PORTD=0x00;
}
}

24. 24
SOFTWARES
MICRO C
PICKIT-2
PROTEUS
EXPRESS PCB

25. 25
•Household appliances:
APPLICATIONS
Microwave ovens, Television, DVD
Players & Recorders
•Audio players
•Integrated systems in aircrafts and
missiles
•Cellular telephones
•Electric and Electronic Motor controllers
•Engine controllers in automobiles
•Calculators
• Medical equipments
•Videogames
•Digital musical instruments, etc.

26. Some memorable moments of our training
03.01.09
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27. 27
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