the all u need to know about syrup is here its a verified information.and will help u to incerease your knowledge about liquid dosage forms especially Syrup
Semisolid dosage forms are neither solid nor liquid, however, they are a combination or mixture of both, and they used for both local and systemic effects. Pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms such as creams, ointments, gels, suppositories, and paste are used for topical application. Semisolid dosage forms are intended used as drug carriers that are transported topically through the skin, buckle tissue, rectal tissue, outer ear lining nasal mucosa, urethral membrane, vagina, and cornea. The semisolid may adhere adequately before washing on the surface of the application; this helps to extend the supply of drugs on the application site.
the all u need to know about syrup is here its a verified information.and will help u to incerease your knowledge about liquid dosage forms especially Syrup
Semisolid dosage forms are neither solid nor liquid, however, they are a combination or mixture of both, and they used for both local and systemic effects. Pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms such as creams, ointments, gels, suppositories, and paste are used for topical application. Semisolid dosage forms are intended used as drug carriers that are transported topically through the skin, buckle tissue, rectal tissue, outer ear lining nasal mucosa, urethral membrane, vagina, and cornea. The semisolid may adhere adequately before washing on the surface of the application; this helps to extend the supply of drugs on the application site.
Liquid oral topic in Industrial Pharmacy contains many topics like solution, elixirs, syrups, emulsion, and suspension. This topic includes general introduction, types, formulation, components, uses, and Quality control tests. These are also beneficial in other subjects like Pharmaceutics.
ELIXIR: ELIXIR
LINCTUSES
EMULSION
SUSPENSION
DRY POWDER FOR RECONSTITUTION
LINCTUSES:Linctuses are viscous, monophasic liquid preparation containing a high concentration of syrup that are used for relief of cough
EMULSION
SUSPENSION
DRY POWDER FOR RECONSTITUTION
Formulation of these product
Advantages, Disadvantages, Storages,
Solvent Used in dosage form pharm D solventsBehappybegood
Dosage form
Excipients used in drug making
Dosage form
Solution
Student
Dosage form
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Course ppt
Dosage forms (also called unit doses) are pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive components (excipients), in a particular configuration (such as a capsule shell, for example), and apportioned into a particular dose. For example, two products may both be amoxicillin, but one is in 500 mg capsules and another is in 250 mg chewable tablets. The term unit dose can also sometimes encompass non-reusable packaging as well (especially when each drug product is individually packaged[1]), although the FDA distinguishes that by unit-dose "packaging" or "dispensing".[2] Depending on the context, multi(ple) unit dose can refer to distinct drug products packaged together, or to a single drug product containing multiple drugs and/or doses. The term dosage form can also sometimes refer only to the pharmaceutical formulation of a drug product's constituent drug substance(s) and any blends involved, without considering matters beyond that (like how it is ultimately configured as a consumable product such as a capsule, patch, etc.). Because of the somewhat vague boundaries and unclear
Dosage forms (also called unit doses) are pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive components (excipients), in a particular configuration (such as a capsule shell, for example), and apportioned into a particular dose. For example, two products may both be amoxicillin, but one is in 500 mg capsules and another is in 250 mg chewable tablets. The term unit dose can also sometimes encompass non-reusable packaging as well (especially when each drug product is individually packaged[1]), although the FDA distinguishes that by unit-dose "packaging" or "dispensing".[2] Depending on the context, multi(ple) unit dose can refer to distinct drug products packaged together, or to a single drug product containing multiple drugs and/or doses. The term dosage form can also sometimes refer only to the pharmaceutical formulation of a drug product's constituent drug substance(s) and any blends involved, without considering matters beyond that (like how it is ultimately configured as a consumable product such as a capsule, patch, etc.). Because of the somewhat vague boundaries and unclear
Dosage forms (also called unit doses) are pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive components (excipients), in a particular
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. Definition
Differences between syrups and elixirs
Why do we need elixirs
Types of elixirs
Method of preparation
Advantages and disadvantages
Storage
3. Elixirs are clear sweetened, hydroalcohlic
preparations intended for oral use and
usually flavored for palatability.
Alcoholic content vary from 10% to 12% and
up to 40%.
4. An elixir must always contain alcohol, whereas a
syrup may or may not use an alcohol for solubility
purposes.
Elixirs are meant to always be a clear liquid, whereas
syrups can contain various natural or artificial dyes.
In general, elixirs are less viscous than syrups due to
their higher alcohol content and their minimal use
of sucrose and other viscosity-improving agents.
When used as a pharmaceutical preparation, it
contains an active ingredient that is dissolved in a
solution that contains some percentage (usually 10-
12%) of ethyl alcohol and is designed to be taken
orally.
5. Some drug are insoluble in water so in this
case we can’t use syrups & suspension.
So we have to make a dosage form which
could dissolve non polar compounds
Aid in masking the unpleasant taste of the
active ingredients.
6. These are simple elixirs that do not contain
medicated agents.
These only contain
alcohol
sweetening agent
coloring agent
they are self preserving
Use as diluent or vehicle
7. Medicated elixirs are a solution of the active
ingredient dissolved in water and
an alcohol often along with
other excipients such as preservatives.
10. Primarily used in the symptomatic relife of
allergies .
Suppresses symptoms caused by histamine .
Brand name: Promethazine Winthrop
11. Sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate and sodium
metabisulfite.
Adverse affects:
Dryness of nose ,mouth, throat
Dizziness
Disturbed concentration
Sedation
antihistaminic agents are basic amines
12. The barbiturates are nonselective central
nervous system (CNS) depressants that are
primarily used as sedative-hypnotics.
Phenobarbital is along lasting barbiturate
with a duration of action of 4-6 hours
A usual dose as a sedative of about 30mg
and hypnotic dose of about 100mg .
15. preventing and treating symptoms and
blockage of airway due to asthma or other
lung diseases (emphysema, bronchitis).
16. Theophylline Elixir
Theophylline 5.3 g
Citric acid 10.0 g
Liquid glucose 44.0 g
Syrup 132.0 mL
Glycerin 50.0 mL
Sorbitol solution 324.0 mL
Alcohol 200.0 mL
Saccharin sodium 5.0 g
Lemon oil 0.5 g
FDC Yellow No. 5 0.1 g
Purified water, to make 1,000.0 mL
18. Sugar or sugar substitutes like the sugar e.g
polyglycerol or sorbitol.
Alcohol.
water.
Flavoring agents and flavor enhancers.
Coloring agents.
Although it is self preserving but preservating
agents may be added like parabins.
19. Often, an elixir has more ingredients than
just the drug, water and ethanol. elixirs often
contain glycerin, sorbitol, polyethylene
glycol or syrups
These are sweetening agents and can
mediate the pharmacological effects of the
ethanol.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) may be used in an
elixir as a substitute for both glycerin and
ethanol.
.
20. Usually ethyl alcohol is used as the alcohol
Concentration is about 10 to 12 percent
21. Elixirs are always sweetened, but rarely
contain sucrose. This is because sucrose
makes a solution much more viscousor thick,
an undesirable property in an elixir. Many
other sweetners can be used,
including aspartame, carboxymethylcellulose
and its derivatives, saccharin, cyclamate,
and acesulfame potassium. However, none of
these sweetners are considered truly safe; in
fact, cyclamate and saccharin are banned in
several countries.
23. Alcohol soluble and water soluble
components are generally dissolved
separately in alcohol and water
Aqueous solution is added to the alcoholic
solution, so minimal separation of alcohol
soluble components occurs.
Mixture is made up to the volume by the
specific solvent or vehicle.
Talc to remove excess amount of oil
Filter the preparation.