Elixir.pptx
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This document defines elixirs as clear, sweetened alcoholic preparations intended for oral use. It discusses the differences between elixirs and syrups, as well as the reasons for using elixirs over syrups. It also covers the types of elixirs, methods of preparation, ingredients, advantages, disadvantages, and proper storage. Elixirs contain 10-12% alcohol and are used to dissolve ingredients that are not soluble in water for oral administration, while masking unpleasant tastes.
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Elixir.pptx
- 2. Definition Differences between syrups and elixirs Why do we need elixirs Types of elixirs Method of preparation Advantages and disadvantages Storage
- 3. Elixirs are clear sweetened, hydroalcohlic preparations intended for oral use and usually flavored for palatability. Alcoholic content vary from 10% to 12% and up to 40%.
- 4. An elixir must always contain alcohol, whereas a syrup may or may not use an alcohol for solubility purposes. Elixirs are meant to always be a clear liquid, whereas syrups can contain various natural or artificial dyes. In general, elixirs are less viscous than syrups due to their higher alcohol content and their minimal use of sucrose and other viscosity- improving agents. When used as a pharmaceutical preparation, it contains an active ingredient that is dissolved in a solution that contains some percentage (usually 10- 12%) of ethyl alcohol and is designed to be taken orally.
- 5. Some drug are insoluble in water so in this case we can’t use syrups & suspension. So we have to make a dosage form which could dissolve non polar compounds Aid in masking the unpleasant taste of the active ingredients.
- 6. These are simple elixirs that do not contain medicated agents. These only contain Alcohol sweetening agent coloring agent
- 7. Medicated elixirs are a solution of the active ingredient dissolved in water and an alcohol often along with other excipients such as preservatives.
- 10. Primarily used in the symptomatic relife of allergies . Suppresses symptoms caused by histamine . Brand name: Promethazine Winthrop
- 11. Sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate and sodium metabisulfite. Adverse affects: Dryness of nose ,mouth, throat Dizziness Disturbed concentration Sedation antihistaminic agents are basic amines
- 12. The barbiturates are nonselective central nervous system (CNS) depressants that are primarily used as sedative-hypnotics. Phenobarbital is along lasting barbiturate with a duration of action of 4-6 hours A usual dose as a sedative of about 30mg and hypnotic dose of about 100mg .
- 13. Phenobarbital Orange oil Propylene glycol Alcohol Sorbitol solution Color Purified water 4.0g 0.25ml 100ml 200ml 600ml q.s 1000ml
- 15. preventing and treating symptoms and blockage of airway due to asthma or other lung diseases (emphysema, bronchitis).
- 16. Theophylline Elixir Theophylline 5.3 g Citric acid 10.0 g Liquid glucose 44.0 g Syrup 132.0 mL Glycerin 50.0 mL Sorbitol solution 324.0 mL Alcohol 200.0 mL Saccharin sodium 5.0 g Lemon oil 0.5 g FDC Yellow No. 5 0.1 g Purified water, to make 1,000.0 mL
- 18. Sugar or sugar substitutes like the sugar e.g polyglycerol or sorbitol. Alcohol. water. Flavoring agents and flavor enhancers. Coloring agents. Although it is self preserving but preservating agents may be added like parabins.
- 19. Often, an elixir has more ingredients than just the drug, water and ethanol. elixirs often contain glycerin, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol or syrups These are sweetening agents and can mediate the pharmacological effects of the ethanol. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) may be used in an elixir as a substitute for both glycerin and ethanol. .
- 20. Usually ethyl alcohol is used as the alcohol Concentration is about 10 to 12 percent
- 21. Elixirs are always sweetened, but rarely contain sucrose. This is because sucrose makes a solution much more viscousor thick, an undesirable property in an elixir. Many other sweetners can be used, including aspartame, carboxymethylcell ulose and its derivatives, saccharin, cyclamate, and acesulf ame potassium. However, none of these sweetners are considered truly safe; in fact, cyclamate and saccharin are banned in several countries.
- 23. Alcohol soluble and water soluble components are generally dissolved separately in alcohol and water Aqueous solution is added to the alcoholic solution, so minimal separation of alcohol soluble components occurs. Mixture is made up to the volume by the specific solvent or vehicle. Talc to remove excess amount of oil Filter the preparation.
- 24. Pour it in clean bottle Lable the bottle
- 26. Addiction Liver sclerosis Sedation Dizziness Large amount of alcohol cause burning sensation to the tongue
- 27. Elixirs should be stored in a tightly closed and light resistant container away from direct heat and sunlight.