Basic concept of Electrochemical machining process with its advantages, limitations and applications as well as video and figure to understand this process better.
it is a presentation on electrical discharge machining which is new method for machining hard conductive materials which are difficult to machine with old technique of machining. it does not cause wear of tool.
it is a presentation on electrical discharge machining which is new method for machining hard conductive materials which are difficult to machine with old technique of machining. it does not cause wear of tool.
Non-traditional manufacturing processes is defined as a group of processes that remove excess material by various techniques involving mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical energy or combinations of these energies
Non-traditional manufacturing processes is defined as a group of processes that remove excess material by various techniques involving mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical energy or combinations of these energies
Electrochemical Machining (ECM) has established itself as one of the major alternatives to conventional methods of machining difficult - to - cut materials of and generating complex contours, without inducing residual stress and tool wear.
This seminar is devoted to the study of influences of variable ECM parameters like applied voltage and feed rate keeping other parameters constant on the surface roughness (Ra) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
UNIT 3 CHEMICAL AND ELECTRO-CHEMICAL ENERGY BASED PROCESSES.pptxDineshKumar4165
Chemical machining and Electro-Chemical machining (CHM and ECM)- Etchants – Maskant - techniques of applying maskants - Process Parameters – Surface finish and MRR-Applications. Principles of ECM- equipments-Surface Roughness and MRR - Electrical circuit-Process Parameters- ECG and ECH - Applications.
Chemical Machining Process and its Types.Umar Saeed
The detail overview on how chemical machining removes material to produce high quality parts, its different processes and types. I also includes figure and video which will help you understand the process easily.
A brief explanation of how steam power plant works and what are the main factors effecting it. I also include figure and video which will help you better understand this process.
This presentation give you a brief knowledge of, how statistical process control applied in our daily lives, how it works and some of its important formulas,
Through this presentation you will know the real root causes by which Terrorism enters in Pakistan. This presentation also highlight some of the hero which fight against Terrorism.
Hydraulic Intensifier ( Pressure raising device ) Umar Saeed
Through this presentation you will know about the how Hydraulic Intensifier works, its working principle and its components. This presentation also covers its animation through which you easily understand its function.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
2. Content
• Principle
• History & Early Development
• Electroplating
• Electrochemical Machining
• Advantages
• Limitations
• Applications
• Process Parameters
• References
3. Principle
Electrolysis is based on Faraday laws of electrolysis which is stated as:
“ The mass of the substance (m) deposited or liberated
at any electrode is directly proportional to the quantity
of electricity or charge (Q) passed. ”
4. History & Early Development
• 1929, experimental ECM process was developed by W.Gussef.
• 1959, commercial process was established by the Anocut
Engineering Company.
• 1960s and 1970s, gas turbine industry.
• Rise of EDM in the same period slowed ECM research.
• Original problems of poor dimensional accuracy and
environmentally polluting waste.
5. Electroplating
• Plating one metal onto another by hydrolysis.
• Decorative purposes or to prevent corrosion of a metal.
• Copper plating, Silver plating, and Chromium plating.
• Manufacturers to use inexpensive metals such as steel or zinc.
• Account for appearance, protection, and other properties.
• The surface can be a metal or even plastic.
7. Electrochemical Machining
• Removing metal by an electrochemical process.
• Normally used for mass production.
• Can cut small or odd-shaped angles, intricate contours or cavities in
hard and exotic metals.
• Titanium aluminides, Inconel, Waspaloy, and high nickel, cobalt, and
rhenium alloys.
• A very small value of the order of 0.25 mm for satisfactory metal
removal rates.
• Electrolyte needs to be pumped at high pressures (0.7 – 3.0 MPa).
10. Electrochemical Machining
Material Removing Rate:
Where,
F = faraday’s constant = 96,500 Columns = 26.8 amp-hours,
I = current flowing in amperes,
Z = Valances of metal dissolved,
A = atomic weight of material in grams,
MRR = Material removal rate in grams per second.
12. Advantages
• Complex, concave curvature components can be produced easily by
using convex and concave tools.
• Tool wear is zero, same tool can be used for producing infinite
number of components.
• No direct contact between tool and work material so there are no
forces, residual stresses.
• The surface finish produced is excellent.
13. Limitations
• Out of all the unconventional machining methods, electro chemical
machining requires high specific cutting energy.
• Sharp edges and corners are not possible to produce.
• Work material must be electrically conducting.
• Generally preferable for producing contours only.