This document reviews the use of various agricultural wastes as replacements for fine aggregate in concrete. It discusses how sugarcane bagasse ash, groundnut shell, oyster shell, sawdust, giant reed ash, rice husk ash, cork, and tobacco waste have been used as partial replacements for fine aggregate in concrete. It finds that these agro-waste concretes generally have lower workability but can achieve comparable or higher strength at replacement levels of around 20%. The document also reviews how these agro-waste concretes perform in terms of other properties like durability, thermal conductivity, and their potential for use in sustainable construction and green building rating systems.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Indian construction industry is growing at a rate of 9.2% as against the world average of 5.5%.
Construction by nature is not an eco-friendly activity. Construction, renovation and demolition activities lead to the formation of waste.
Growth in construction activities generates construction waste which is fast becoming a serious environmental problem with deadly
consequences. Most of the construction and demolition, waste in our country are not recycled but end up in landfills occupying valuable
land.
The promotion of environmental management and the mission of sustainable development have exerted the pressure demanding for
the adoption of proper methods to protect the environment across all industries including construction.
Construction waste recycling reduces the demand up on new resources. Cuts down the cost and effort of transport and production. Use
waste which would otherwise be lost to land fill sites.
Green concrete is a type of concrete that uses less energy and causes less harm to the environment during production compared to conventional concrete. It incorporates waste materials like recycled concrete aggregates as partial replacements for cement or standard aggregates. Using materials like fly ash also reduces the carbon dioxide emissions associated with cement production. Green concrete provides benefits like improved durability, strength, and workability while reducing the construction industry's environmental impact through lower CO2 emissions and higher waste reuse.
IRJET- Design of Low Cost Roofing Tiles using Agricultural WasteIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on producing low-cost roofing tiles using agricultural waste. Specifically, it examines replacing part of the cement used in concrete roof tiles production with rice husk ash. The study aims to address the dual problems of inadequate housing for low-income individuals and proper disposal of agricultural waste. Several past studies found that rice husk ash can increase the strength and durability of concrete when partially replacing cement. The current study tests different proportions of rice husk ash, river sand, and clay replacements to evaluate the performance of resulting roof tiles and identify optimal replacement ratios that meet strength standards at lowest cost. The methodology section outlines the materials used, including clay, red soil, and tests conducted on the tile samples.
The document discusses utilizing agricultural waste ashes in brick making to reduce the consumption of natural resources and pollution. It proposes partially replacing clay with barley husk ash, groundnut shell ash, and tobacco husk ash. Tests on sample bricks showed agricultural waste ash bricks have improved strength and lower water absorption compared to conventional clay bricks. Using agricultural waste ashes in brick production provides an economical and environmentally friendly alternative building material.
reuse and recycle of construction materialRakesh Rahar
This document discusses construction waste recycling. It notes that construction generates a significant amount of waste and that recycling can reduce environmental impacts. It identifies several materials commonly recovered from construction sites, such as asphalt, wood, gypsum wallboard, metals, concrete, brick, and roofing. Recycling these materials provides benefits like reducing pollution, conserving landfill space and resources, and creating jobs. However, barriers to recycling include a lack of facilities, technologies, awareness, and proper waste separation at job sites. The document advocates developing markets for recycled products, education and training, and policies to promote greater recycling in the construction industry.
Mud concrete block using construction and demolition waste liveaadesh dhoka
This document summarizes a study on producing mud concrete blocks using construction and demolition waste. The study aimed to identify alternatives to coarse aggregates for mud concrete blocks and investigate their mechanical properties. Four types of blocks were produced with varying percentages of soil, quarry dust, granite fines, construction waste, coarse aggregates, and cement. Testing showed the blocks with 10% cement and 27% construction waste achieved the highest average compressive strength of 24.77 MPa. The blocks were found to be durable with water absorption under permissible limits. The study demonstrated mud concrete blocks can be successfully produced using construction waste as a sustainable construction material.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Indian construction industry is growing at a rate of 9.2% as against the world average of 5.5%.
Construction by nature is not an eco-friendly activity. Construction, renovation and demolition activities lead to the formation of waste.
Growth in construction activities generates construction waste which is fast becoming a serious environmental problem with deadly
consequences. Most of the construction and demolition, waste in our country are not recycled but end up in landfills occupying valuable
land.
The promotion of environmental management and the mission of sustainable development have exerted the pressure demanding for
the adoption of proper methods to protect the environment across all industries including construction.
Construction waste recycling reduces the demand up on new resources. Cuts down the cost and effort of transport and production. Use
waste which would otherwise be lost to land fill sites.
Green concrete is a type of concrete that uses less energy and causes less harm to the environment during production compared to conventional concrete. It incorporates waste materials like recycled concrete aggregates as partial replacements for cement or standard aggregates. Using materials like fly ash also reduces the carbon dioxide emissions associated with cement production. Green concrete provides benefits like improved durability, strength, and workability while reducing the construction industry's environmental impact through lower CO2 emissions and higher waste reuse.
IRJET- Design of Low Cost Roofing Tiles using Agricultural WasteIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on producing low-cost roofing tiles using agricultural waste. Specifically, it examines replacing part of the cement used in concrete roof tiles production with rice husk ash. The study aims to address the dual problems of inadequate housing for low-income individuals and proper disposal of agricultural waste. Several past studies found that rice husk ash can increase the strength and durability of concrete when partially replacing cement. The current study tests different proportions of rice husk ash, river sand, and clay replacements to evaluate the performance of resulting roof tiles and identify optimal replacement ratios that meet strength standards at lowest cost. The methodology section outlines the materials used, including clay, red soil, and tests conducted on the tile samples.
The document discusses utilizing agricultural waste ashes in brick making to reduce the consumption of natural resources and pollution. It proposes partially replacing clay with barley husk ash, groundnut shell ash, and tobacco husk ash. Tests on sample bricks showed agricultural waste ash bricks have improved strength and lower water absorption compared to conventional clay bricks. Using agricultural waste ashes in brick production provides an economical and environmentally friendly alternative building material.
reuse and recycle of construction materialRakesh Rahar
This document discusses construction waste recycling. It notes that construction generates a significant amount of waste and that recycling can reduce environmental impacts. It identifies several materials commonly recovered from construction sites, such as asphalt, wood, gypsum wallboard, metals, concrete, brick, and roofing. Recycling these materials provides benefits like reducing pollution, conserving landfill space and resources, and creating jobs. However, barriers to recycling include a lack of facilities, technologies, awareness, and proper waste separation at job sites. The document advocates developing markets for recycled products, education and training, and policies to promote greater recycling in the construction industry.
Mud concrete block using construction and demolition waste liveaadesh dhoka
This document summarizes a study on producing mud concrete blocks using construction and demolition waste. The study aimed to identify alternatives to coarse aggregates for mud concrete blocks and investigate their mechanical properties. Four types of blocks were produced with varying percentages of soil, quarry dust, granite fines, construction waste, coarse aggregates, and cement. Testing showed the blocks with 10% cement and 27% construction waste achieved the highest average compressive strength of 24.77 MPa. The blocks were found to be durable with water absorption under permissible limits. The study demonstrated mud concrete blocks can be successfully produced using construction waste as a sustainable construction material.
This document discusses the application and recycling of construction and demolition waste. It begins by defining construction waste and noting that it can contain hazardous substances like lead and asbestos. It then discusses how much waste is generated from new construction and demolition projects and provides examples of common materials like bricks, concrete, wood, drywall and asphalt shingles. The document outlines how these materials can be recycled and gives several case studies of construction waste recycling programs and applications of recycled materials.
IRJET- Innovation in Strength Properties of Rigid Pavement Concrete by Pa...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of recycled coarse aggregate and silica fume to improve the strength properties of rigid pavement concrete. It discusses that using recycled aggregates up to 20% as a replacement for natural aggregates can provide similar strength as natural aggregate concrete. However, higher replacements of recycled aggregates result in lower strengths. The document then examines mixing silica fume at 5%, 10% and 15% replacements of cement along with 20%, 30% and 40% replacements of recycled aggregates to improve the strength of the concrete. The results showed that this combination helped enhance the strength of the recycled aggregate concrete.
Use of Waste Materials As a replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete MixNitin Yadav
The document discusses the use of waste materials in concrete. It outlines the objectives of reducing waste and finding alternative materials for construction. Three waste materials are examined: e-waste, rubber tire waste, and coconut shell waste. Their properties like water absorption and specific gravity are tested. Previous research on using these wastes in concrete is summarized. Experiments are described to determine properties of materials. A concrete mix design is provided with the goal of achieving 25MPa compressive strength. The document aims to explore sustainable and economical use of waste in construction materials.
Experimental Analysis of the Use of Coconut Shell as Coarse AggregateIOSR Journals
The high cost of conventional building materials is a major factor affecting housing delivery in the
world. This has necessitated research into alternative materials of construction. In this study, coconut shell is
used as light weight aggregate in concrete. The properties of coconut shell and coconut shell aggregate
concrete is examined and the use of coconut shell aggregate in construction is tested. The project paper aims at
analyzing flexural and compressive strength characteristics of with partial replacement using M30 grade
concrete. The project also aims to show that Coconut shell aggregate is a potential construction material and
simultaneously reduces the environment problem of solid..Beams are casted, tested and their physical and
mechanical properties are determined. The main objective is to encourage the use of these „seemingly‟ waste
products as construction materials in low-cost housing.
Recycled concrete is made from demolished or renovated concrete structures. The concrete is crushed and any rebar or other materials are removed. Crushed recycled concrete can be used as gravel for construction projects or as the aggregate in new concrete mixtures, providing it is free of contaminants. Using recycled concrete reduces costs and pollution compared to using newly quarried materials, and keeps concrete debris out of landfills. However, recycled concrete has reduced strength and density compared to natural aggregates.
Use of construction renovation and demolition waste in partial replacement of...eSAT Journals
Abstract Concrete is a pourable mix of cement, water, sand, and gravel that hardens into a super strong building material. In the recent decades demolition of old buildings, renovation of construction gave rise to gargantuan amounts of construction and demolition waste. Even the waste produced by industries and households got amplified. So experiments were carried out in the laboratory to scrutinize a concrete made of partial replacement of coarse aggregate with construction and demolition waste materials like ceramic tiles waste, plastic debris, crushed bricks. The resultant concrete thus produced was tested on the following parameters like compressive strength, workability, flexural strength. The results thus obtained are compared with a plain cement concrete. By using low weight materials like plastic debris we got a light weight concrete. The workability of concrete produced with construction waste when compared with plain cement concrete is not reliable but it produced a considerable increase in the compressive strength. So we have increased quantity of plastic debris and deducted some quantity of other waste, by this the workability standards are maintained .Hence by using required quantities strength and workability are acquired. Economy plays a imperative role in any construction, by partially replacing of coarse aggregate with construction and demolition waste, plastic waste the cost of construction can be reduced. These wastes can cause pollution that effects human health. Using these wastes effectively in construction activities the rate of pollution can also be controlled. Even the properties of concrete can also be improved. Key Words: Construction and Demolition waste, Plastic Debris, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Workability.
Experimental Study on Performance of Concrete M30 with Partial Replacement of...IJERA Editor
In this research work experiments have been conducted with collection of materials required and the data required for mix design are obtained by sieve analysis and specific gravity test. Sieve analysis is carried out from various fine aggregates (FA) and coarse aggregates (CA) samples and the sample which suits the requirement is selected. Specific gravity tests are carried out for fine and coarse aggregate. The various materials used were tested as per Indian standard specifications. On the basis of the experimental studies carried out on M30 grade concrete as partial replacement of coarse aggregates with sea shells and coconut shells, the following conclusions are drawn from the above experiment we conclude that comparing to traditional concrete, compressive strength of 10% (5% + 5%) of coconut shells (5%) and sea shells (5%) increased. whereas the compressive strength of the concrete cubes has gradually decreased from addition of 10% (5% + 5%) of coconut shells and sea shells. Hence for economical view 10% is preferable and in the perspective of compressive strength 10% is suggested. Thus, 10% replacement coconut shells and sea shells are recommended for both heavy weight and light weight concrete production.
The document discusses eco-friendly or green concrete as concrete that uses less energy and produces less carbon dioxide than traditional concrete. It outlines various strategies for green concrete including increased use of recycled materials and supplementary cementitious materials. Specific materials that can be used in green concrete include fly ash, GGBS, silica fume, recycled concrete, glass, and plastic aggregates which provide benefits like reduced CO2 emissions and costs. The objectives and advantages of green concrete in sustainable construction are also presented.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation for Replacement of Cement by using Proposic...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental investigation to replace cement partially with Prosopis juliflora fly ash and add glass fibers in concrete. Prosopis juliflora fly ash is obtained from biomass power plants as a waste material. The study aims to evaluate the compressive and tensile strength of concrete with cement replaced by 10%, 20%, and 30% Prosopis juliflora fly ash and addition of glass fibers. The properties of cement, fly ash, and concrete mixtures were tested according to Indian standards. The results showed that partial replacement of cement with fly ash and addition of glass fibers can enhance the strength of concrete while utilizing an industrial waste.
This presentation is about Eco-friendly concrete also known as Green Concrete. It covers the need, material used for the manufacturing of Green Concrete and the advantages & limitations of Green concrete.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
The main objective of the Research centre is to undertake the research in concrete technology, utilizing the Industrial waste materials for preparing the Low Cost Building Elements.
The activities involved in the research centre are identifying the industrial waste materials which can be effectively utilized to make concrete and other building elements so as to minimize the environmental problems and also to reduce the cost of construction.
Some of the highlighting research projects undertaken in this research centre are self curing concrete, alternatives to sand in concrete, self compacting concrete with steel slag, Ferro cement using steel slag, utilization of waste papers in concrete and brick, self cleaning concrete, smog eating concrete, light transmitting concrete and Textile concrete etc.,
Ultimate aim of this research centre is to do innovations in concrete to bring out sustainable concrete with intelligence, strong, durable, eco friendly and cost effective.
http://www.sonatech.ac.in/research/civil-concrete-innovation-research.php
This document discusses reducing, recycling, and reusing demolition and construction waste. It provides examples of how different materials from demolition sites can be recycled and reused, such as bricks being recycled into road base or construction fill. Concrete can be recycled into recycled concrete aggregates. Metals like steel and aluminum are recyclable multiple times. The document also mentions a construction and demolition waste recycling facility in New Delhi that recycles about 5,000 metric tons of waste per day.
This document summarizes research on using demolished concrete waste as coarse aggregate in new concrete production. It finds that as urbanization increases, so does construction waste. Recycling this waste into new concrete aggregates helps preserve natural resources and reduce landfill usage. Tests show concrete with up to 30% recycled aggregates can meet strength standards. International standards and practices for recycled aggregate concrete production are discussed. Barriers to its use in India include a lack of recycling facilities, technology, awareness, and standards. Overall, recycled aggregates produce somewhat weaker concrete but can provide environmental and economic benefits when used appropriately.
The document discusses the environmental impacts of the construction industry and proposes more sustainable alternatives. It notes that the construction industry accounts for significant global resource use and pollution. Specifically:
- It uses over one-sixth of global freshwater withdrawals and one-quarter of wood harvest. Cement production alone contributes 5% of man-made CO2 emissions.
- Construction and demolition waste makes up 10-40% of solid waste in most countries.
- Many building materials emit VOCs that contribute to greenhouse gases and global warming.
To address these issues, the document recommends more sustainable materials like hollow interlocking compressed stabilized earth blocks, which use local soil and less energy and resources compared to conventional bricks. These
Partial replacement of coarse aggregates by expanded polystyrene beads in con...eSAT Journals
Abstract With the increase in demand for construction materials, there is a strong need to utilize alternative materials for sustainable development. The main objective of this investigation is to study the properties, such as compressive strength and tensile strengths of lightweight concrete containing Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads. Its properties are compared with those of the normal concrete i.e., without EPS beads. EPS beads are used as partial replacement to coarse aggregates. The results showed that the amount of polystyrene beads incorporated in concrete influences the properties of hardened concrete. At 28 days, it was found that compressive strength of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% EPS incorporated concrete strengths were 91%, 77 %, 71%, 63%, 57%, and 45%, respectively when compared to concrete with no EPS case. Key Words: Expanded polystyrene beads (EPS); Workability; Compressive strength; Splitting tensile strength;
R.S. Bricks manufactures and supplies fly ash bricks as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional clay bricks. Fly ash bricks are 3 times stronger, use less mortar, and have lower water absorption than conventional bricks. They are a more durable and cost-effective building material that produces less greenhouse gas emissions during the manufacturing process. R.S. Bricks is a trusted supplier of high-quality fly ash bricks that meet ASTM and ARE standards.
1) The document summarizes a study on using coconut shell as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete mixes of grades M20, M35 and M50.
2) Concrete cubes were made with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shell. Compressive strength was tested after 7 and 28 days.
3) Results showed coconut shell concrete could achieve the target compressive strengths for M20 grade with up to 30% replacement and for M35 and M50 grades with up to 20% replacement.
1) The document provides an overview of various low-cost construction techniques developed by HUDCO, including mud block structures, wattle and daub units, rat trap bond brick construction, brick panel houses, bamboo houses, and ferrocement channel units.
2) Key features of each technique are described, such as using locally available materials like mud, bamboo, and brick in innovative ways to reduce costs. Construction processes for foundations, walls, roofs, and more are outlined for several techniques.
3) The techniques aim to provide affordable housing solutions using sustainable materials and methods. Descriptions emphasize using locally sourced materials, minimizing energy and resource usage, and promoting livelihoods.
Physical Properties of Construction & Demolished Waste Concreteijsrd.com
In India, recent year construction and demolished concrete waste handling and management is the challenging problem faced by several area of the country. It is very challenging and hectic problem that has to be tackled in an indigenous manner, Due to strict environmental laws and lack of dumping sites in urban areas, construction & demolished waste disposal is a great problem. It is desirable to completely recycle construction & demolished concrete waste in order to protect natural resources, environment and reduce environmental pollution. In this research paper a study is carried out to investigate the physical properties of construction &demolished waste material for concrete, for using as a coarse aggregate in new construction. The present investigation to be focused on recycling construction & demolished waste materials in order to reduce construction cost and resolving housing problems faced by the low income communities of the India in different part of the country. The crushed construction and demolished concrete wastes is segregated by sieving to obtain required sizes of aggregate, several tests were conducted to determine the aggregate properties before recycling it into new concrete.
Effect of Marble Slurry on Environment and Highway UsersIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the environmental impacts of marble slurry waste from the marble industry. Marble cutting and processing produces large amounts of slurry containing marble dust and fragments mixed with water.
2. Marble slurry waste causes several problems when dumped on land or roads. The dust particles pollute the air and land. When the water evaporates, the solid waste remains and prevents water drainage. It also increases soil alkalinity and disrupts plant growth.
3. Tests were conducted on soil mixed with varying amounts of marble dust to evaluate engineering properties. The results showed that adding 25-30% marble dust can reduce swelling in clayey soils and lower the liquid limit and plasticity index, making
Use of Marble Slurry Waste in Building Works to Protect Environment.IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using waste marble slurry in building works to protect the environment. Tests found that marble slurry can improve the physical and mechanical properties of soils and qualify them for use in the building sector.
2) Specifically, the author blended marble slurry with black cotton soil in varying proportions and tested the mixtures. Adding marble slurry decreased the liquid limit and plasticity index of the soil mixtures, while increasing the shrinkage limit.
3) The study concludes that using marble slurry waste in soil stabilization and construction can help reduce environmental pollution from dumping waste, while providing a useful construction material.
This document discusses the application and recycling of construction and demolition waste. It begins by defining construction waste and noting that it can contain hazardous substances like lead and asbestos. It then discusses how much waste is generated from new construction and demolition projects and provides examples of common materials like bricks, concrete, wood, drywall and asphalt shingles. The document outlines how these materials can be recycled and gives several case studies of construction waste recycling programs and applications of recycled materials.
IRJET- Innovation in Strength Properties of Rigid Pavement Concrete by Pa...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of recycled coarse aggregate and silica fume to improve the strength properties of rigid pavement concrete. It discusses that using recycled aggregates up to 20% as a replacement for natural aggregates can provide similar strength as natural aggregate concrete. However, higher replacements of recycled aggregates result in lower strengths. The document then examines mixing silica fume at 5%, 10% and 15% replacements of cement along with 20%, 30% and 40% replacements of recycled aggregates to improve the strength of the concrete. The results showed that this combination helped enhance the strength of the recycled aggregate concrete.
Use of Waste Materials As a replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete MixNitin Yadav
The document discusses the use of waste materials in concrete. It outlines the objectives of reducing waste and finding alternative materials for construction. Three waste materials are examined: e-waste, rubber tire waste, and coconut shell waste. Their properties like water absorption and specific gravity are tested. Previous research on using these wastes in concrete is summarized. Experiments are described to determine properties of materials. A concrete mix design is provided with the goal of achieving 25MPa compressive strength. The document aims to explore sustainable and economical use of waste in construction materials.
Experimental Analysis of the Use of Coconut Shell as Coarse AggregateIOSR Journals
The high cost of conventional building materials is a major factor affecting housing delivery in the
world. This has necessitated research into alternative materials of construction. In this study, coconut shell is
used as light weight aggregate in concrete. The properties of coconut shell and coconut shell aggregate
concrete is examined and the use of coconut shell aggregate in construction is tested. The project paper aims at
analyzing flexural and compressive strength characteristics of with partial replacement using M30 grade
concrete. The project also aims to show that Coconut shell aggregate is a potential construction material and
simultaneously reduces the environment problem of solid..Beams are casted, tested and their physical and
mechanical properties are determined. The main objective is to encourage the use of these „seemingly‟ waste
products as construction materials in low-cost housing.
Recycled concrete is made from demolished or renovated concrete structures. The concrete is crushed and any rebar or other materials are removed. Crushed recycled concrete can be used as gravel for construction projects or as the aggregate in new concrete mixtures, providing it is free of contaminants. Using recycled concrete reduces costs and pollution compared to using newly quarried materials, and keeps concrete debris out of landfills. However, recycled concrete has reduced strength and density compared to natural aggregates.
Use of construction renovation and demolition waste in partial replacement of...eSAT Journals
Abstract Concrete is a pourable mix of cement, water, sand, and gravel that hardens into a super strong building material. In the recent decades demolition of old buildings, renovation of construction gave rise to gargantuan amounts of construction and demolition waste. Even the waste produced by industries and households got amplified. So experiments were carried out in the laboratory to scrutinize a concrete made of partial replacement of coarse aggregate with construction and demolition waste materials like ceramic tiles waste, plastic debris, crushed bricks. The resultant concrete thus produced was tested on the following parameters like compressive strength, workability, flexural strength. The results thus obtained are compared with a plain cement concrete. By using low weight materials like plastic debris we got a light weight concrete. The workability of concrete produced with construction waste when compared with plain cement concrete is not reliable but it produced a considerable increase in the compressive strength. So we have increased quantity of plastic debris and deducted some quantity of other waste, by this the workability standards are maintained .Hence by using required quantities strength and workability are acquired. Economy plays a imperative role in any construction, by partially replacing of coarse aggregate with construction and demolition waste, plastic waste the cost of construction can be reduced. These wastes can cause pollution that effects human health. Using these wastes effectively in construction activities the rate of pollution can also be controlled. Even the properties of concrete can also be improved. Key Words: Construction and Demolition waste, Plastic Debris, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Workability.
Experimental Study on Performance of Concrete M30 with Partial Replacement of...IJERA Editor
In this research work experiments have been conducted with collection of materials required and the data required for mix design are obtained by sieve analysis and specific gravity test. Sieve analysis is carried out from various fine aggregates (FA) and coarse aggregates (CA) samples and the sample which suits the requirement is selected. Specific gravity tests are carried out for fine and coarse aggregate. The various materials used were tested as per Indian standard specifications. On the basis of the experimental studies carried out on M30 grade concrete as partial replacement of coarse aggregates with sea shells and coconut shells, the following conclusions are drawn from the above experiment we conclude that comparing to traditional concrete, compressive strength of 10% (5% + 5%) of coconut shells (5%) and sea shells (5%) increased. whereas the compressive strength of the concrete cubes has gradually decreased from addition of 10% (5% + 5%) of coconut shells and sea shells. Hence for economical view 10% is preferable and in the perspective of compressive strength 10% is suggested. Thus, 10% replacement coconut shells and sea shells are recommended for both heavy weight and light weight concrete production.
The document discusses eco-friendly or green concrete as concrete that uses less energy and produces less carbon dioxide than traditional concrete. It outlines various strategies for green concrete including increased use of recycled materials and supplementary cementitious materials. Specific materials that can be used in green concrete include fly ash, GGBS, silica fume, recycled concrete, glass, and plastic aggregates which provide benefits like reduced CO2 emissions and costs. The objectives and advantages of green concrete in sustainable construction are also presented.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation for Replacement of Cement by using Proposic...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental investigation to replace cement partially with Prosopis juliflora fly ash and add glass fibers in concrete. Prosopis juliflora fly ash is obtained from biomass power plants as a waste material. The study aims to evaluate the compressive and tensile strength of concrete with cement replaced by 10%, 20%, and 30% Prosopis juliflora fly ash and addition of glass fibers. The properties of cement, fly ash, and concrete mixtures were tested according to Indian standards. The results showed that partial replacement of cement with fly ash and addition of glass fibers can enhance the strength of concrete while utilizing an industrial waste.
This presentation is about Eco-friendly concrete also known as Green Concrete. It covers the need, material used for the manufacturing of Green Concrete and the advantages & limitations of Green concrete.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
The main objective of the Research centre is to undertake the research in concrete technology, utilizing the Industrial waste materials for preparing the Low Cost Building Elements.
The activities involved in the research centre are identifying the industrial waste materials which can be effectively utilized to make concrete and other building elements so as to minimize the environmental problems and also to reduce the cost of construction.
Some of the highlighting research projects undertaken in this research centre are self curing concrete, alternatives to sand in concrete, self compacting concrete with steel slag, Ferro cement using steel slag, utilization of waste papers in concrete and brick, self cleaning concrete, smog eating concrete, light transmitting concrete and Textile concrete etc.,
Ultimate aim of this research centre is to do innovations in concrete to bring out sustainable concrete with intelligence, strong, durable, eco friendly and cost effective.
http://www.sonatech.ac.in/research/civil-concrete-innovation-research.php
This document discusses reducing, recycling, and reusing demolition and construction waste. It provides examples of how different materials from demolition sites can be recycled and reused, such as bricks being recycled into road base or construction fill. Concrete can be recycled into recycled concrete aggregates. Metals like steel and aluminum are recyclable multiple times. The document also mentions a construction and demolition waste recycling facility in New Delhi that recycles about 5,000 metric tons of waste per day.
This document summarizes research on using demolished concrete waste as coarse aggregate in new concrete production. It finds that as urbanization increases, so does construction waste. Recycling this waste into new concrete aggregates helps preserve natural resources and reduce landfill usage. Tests show concrete with up to 30% recycled aggregates can meet strength standards. International standards and practices for recycled aggregate concrete production are discussed. Barriers to its use in India include a lack of recycling facilities, technology, awareness, and standards. Overall, recycled aggregates produce somewhat weaker concrete but can provide environmental and economic benefits when used appropriately.
The document discusses the environmental impacts of the construction industry and proposes more sustainable alternatives. It notes that the construction industry accounts for significant global resource use and pollution. Specifically:
- It uses over one-sixth of global freshwater withdrawals and one-quarter of wood harvest. Cement production alone contributes 5% of man-made CO2 emissions.
- Construction and demolition waste makes up 10-40% of solid waste in most countries.
- Many building materials emit VOCs that contribute to greenhouse gases and global warming.
To address these issues, the document recommends more sustainable materials like hollow interlocking compressed stabilized earth blocks, which use local soil and less energy and resources compared to conventional bricks. These
Partial replacement of coarse aggregates by expanded polystyrene beads in con...eSAT Journals
Abstract With the increase in demand for construction materials, there is a strong need to utilize alternative materials for sustainable development. The main objective of this investigation is to study the properties, such as compressive strength and tensile strengths of lightweight concrete containing Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads. Its properties are compared with those of the normal concrete i.e., without EPS beads. EPS beads are used as partial replacement to coarse aggregates. The results showed that the amount of polystyrene beads incorporated in concrete influences the properties of hardened concrete. At 28 days, it was found that compressive strength of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% EPS incorporated concrete strengths were 91%, 77 %, 71%, 63%, 57%, and 45%, respectively when compared to concrete with no EPS case. Key Words: Expanded polystyrene beads (EPS); Workability; Compressive strength; Splitting tensile strength;
R.S. Bricks manufactures and supplies fly ash bricks as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional clay bricks. Fly ash bricks are 3 times stronger, use less mortar, and have lower water absorption than conventional bricks. They are a more durable and cost-effective building material that produces less greenhouse gas emissions during the manufacturing process. R.S. Bricks is a trusted supplier of high-quality fly ash bricks that meet ASTM and ARE standards.
1) The document summarizes a study on using coconut shell as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete mixes of grades M20, M35 and M50.
2) Concrete cubes were made with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shell. Compressive strength was tested after 7 and 28 days.
3) Results showed coconut shell concrete could achieve the target compressive strengths for M20 grade with up to 30% replacement and for M35 and M50 grades with up to 20% replacement.
1) The document provides an overview of various low-cost construction techniques developed by HUDCO, including mud block structures, wattle and daub units, rat trap bond brick construction, brick panel houses, bamboo houses, and ferrocement channel units.
2) Key features of each technique are described, such as using locally available materials like mud, bamboo, and brick in innovative ways to reduce costs. Construction processes for foundations, walls, roofs, and more are outlined for several techniques.
3) The techniques aim to provide affordable housing solutions using sustainable materials and methods. Descriptions emphasize using locally sourced materials, minimizing energy and resource usage, and promoting livelihoods.
Physical Properties of Construction & Demolished Waste Concreteijsrd.com
In India, recent year construction and demolished concrete waste handling and management is the challenging problem faced by several area of the country. It is very challenging and hectic problem that has to be tackled in an indigenous manner, Due to strict environmental laws and lack of dumping sites in urban areas, construction & demolished waste disposal is a great problem. It is desirable to completely recycle construction & demolished concrete waste in order to protect natural resources, environment and reduce environmental pollution. In this research paper a study is carried out to investigate the physical properties of construction &demolished waste material for concrete, for using as a coarse aggregate in new construction. The present investigation to be focused on recycling construction & demolished waste materials in order to reduce construction cost and resolving housing problems faced by the low income communities of the India in different part of the country. The crushed construction and demolished concrete wastes is segregated by sieving to obtain required sizes of aggregate, several tests were conducted to determine the aggregate properties before recycling it into new concrete.
Effect of Marble Slurry on Environment and Highway UsersIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the environmental impacts of marble slurry waste from the marble industry. Marble cutting and processing produces large amounts of slurry containing marble dust and fragments mixed with water.
2. Marble slurry waste causes several problems when dumped on land or roads. The dust particles pollute the air and land. When the water evaporates, the solid waste remains and prevents water drainage. It also increases soil alkalinity and disrupts plant growth.
3. Tests were conducted on soil mixed with varying amounts of marble dust to evaluate engineering properties. The results showed that adding 25-30% marble dust can reduce swelling in clayey soils and lower the liquid limit and plasticity index, making
Use of Marble Slurry Waste in Building Works to Protect Environment.IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using waste marble slurry in building works to protect the environment. Tests found that marble slurry can improve the physical and mechanical properties of soils and qualify them for use in the building sector.
2) Specifically, the author blended marble slurry with black cotton soil in varying proportions and tested the mixtures. Adding marble slurry decreased the liquid limit and plasticity index of the soil mixtures, while increasing the shrinkage limit.
3) The study concludes that using marble slurry waste in soil stabilization and construction can help reduce environmental pollution from dumping waste, while providing a useful construction material.
Effect of marble slurry on environment and highway usersIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the environmental impacts of marble slurry waste from the marble industry. Marble cutting and processing produces large amounts of slurry, dust, and rock fragments which can pollute the environment if not properly managed.
2. Marble slurry waste dumped on roads or agricultural fields can contaminate soils and groundwater. Airborne dust particles from waste piles can cause visual pollution. Long-term exposure of plants to marble slurry can reduce soil fertility and disrupt photosynthesis.
3. The document reports on a study that examined using marble slurry to modify the properties of expansive clay soils. Results showed that adding 25-30% marble slurry reduced soil swelling and increased stability, suggesting a
IRJET - Study on Site Soil Treated with Bagasse Ash as a Liner MaterialIRJET Journal
The document studies the use of sugarcane bagasse ash, a byproduct of sugar production, as an additive to site soil to improve its properties for use as a liner material in waste containment facilities. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples with varying percentages of bagasse ash addition to determine optimal moisture content, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, and hydraulic conductivity. The results showed that bagasse ash improved the geotechnical properties of the soil, with hydraulic conductivity decreasing and strength increasing, indicating its potential as an effective and sustainable liner material.
Effect of Effective Porosity and Saturated Water Absorption on Rice Husk Ash-...IRJET Journal
- The document presents research on the effect of rice husk ash (RHA) and filtered sand (FS) on the durability properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC), specifically effective porosity and saturated water absorption.
- Concrete mixtures with varying replacements of cement by RHA (5-20%) and sand by FS (0-100%) were tested. Test results found that RHA-FS SCC exhibited better durability performance than conventional concrete, with lower effective porosity and saturated water absorption.
- The fresh properties of RHA-FS SCC, including slump flow, V-funnel time, and L-box blocking ratio, were found to meet EFNARC specifications for S
IRJET- Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate and Cement in Concrete Pavem...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on partially replacing fine aggregate and cement in concrete pavement with phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum is a byproduct of phosphoric acid production that is usually stored in piles, posing environmental issues. The study aims to utilize phosphogypsum to improve concrete pavement properties while providing beneficial reuse of industrial waste. Tests were conducted on concrete mixes with partial phosphogypsum replacements to evaluate properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, workability, setting time. The results indicate phosphogypsum can effectively replace fine aggregate in concrete due to its fine particle size and properties. This provides an environmentally friendly way to dispose of phosphogypsum while enhancing concrete performance.
A Review on the Effect of Baggase Ash and Rubber Tyre Waste in Strength of Co...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of baggase ash and rubber tyre waste as replacements for natural aggregates in concrete. It discusses the large amounts of tyre and baggase ash waste generated globally each year and the environmental issues caused by improper disposal. The document outlines a study that used 0-25% baggase ash and 10% rubber tyre waste as replacements in M30 and M25 grade concrete. Tests on compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength showed that 15% baggase ash provided the best results, increasing concrete strength compared to the control mix. The study demonstrates that utilizing these wastes in concrete production can help address waste management issues while improving some concrete properties.
IRJET- Effect of Industrial Sludge and Coconut Coir in Strengthening of Red B...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that aimed to examine the use of industrial sludge and coconut coir as alternative raw materials in the production of red bricks. Various mixtures of red soil, industrial sludge at percentages of 5%, 10%, and 20%, and a constant 0.1% coconut coir were prepared and tested. The bricks were evaluated based on properties like compressive strength, water absorption, efflorescence, and other tests according to standards. The results were analyzed to determine the effect of the variables. Recommendations were made on whether the industrial sludge bricks could perform adequately compared to traditional red soil bricks. The objectives were to utilize waste materials, reduce construction costs, strengthen bricks, and examine the feasibility of using
EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY GROUNDNUT SHELL ASH AND SAND BY WA...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the effect of partially replacing cement with groundnut shell ash (GSA) and replacing sand with washed bottom ash (WBA) on the characteristic properties of concrete. GSA and WBA are waste materials that are available in large quantities and can potentially be used to replace cement and sand in concrete production. Concrete mixes were prepared with 0-36% replacement of cement with GSA and 0-48% replacement of sand with WBA. The resulting concrete was tested to determine properties like workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength after different curing periods. The results showed that concrete workability was acceptable with GSA and WBA replacements. However
IRJET- Experimental Study on Concrete Properties using Treated Waste Foundry ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the properties of concrete using treated waste foundry sand. Foundry sand is a byproduct of metal casting industries that is often dumped as waste. The study biologically treats the foundry sand using the fungus Aspergillus Niger to remove heavy materials. Concrete mixtures were made by partially replacing natural sand with treated waste foundry sand at levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The properties of the hardened concrete made with partial replacement were then tested.
Potential use of iron ore tailings in sandcrete block makingeSAT Journals
Abstract Sand-Crete blocks are widely used in Nigerian construction industry. Its quality has been compromised by manufacturers mainly due to the quality and cost of materials used. Iron ore tailings (IOT) are waste material obtainable from the process of smelting of iron. The study tests suitability of IOT in replacing natural sand partially in the making of Sand-Crete Blocks (SCB). Iron ore tailing was added to the mix in the following percentage: 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of sand. It was observed the compressive strength increases with increase in curing age and also increases in percentage of iron tailings. IOT has a great potential as a replacement of fine aggregate in sandcrete block production Keywords: iron ore tailings, sandcrete blocks, and compressive strength
IRJET- Reuse of Bagasse Ash and Rice Husk in Brick Manufacturing: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on reusing bagasse ash and rice husk in brick manufacturing. Bagasse ash is a waste product from sugarcane processing and rice husk is an agricultural waste. The research aims to develop affordable and environmentally friendly bricks. Various ratios of bagasse ash, lime, quarry dust, and rice husk were used to manufacture bricks. The bricks were then tested for water absorption and compressive strength. Previous studies found that bagasse ash and rice husk can improve brick properties when used as partial substitutes for traditional materials. Reusing these wastes in brick making provides environmental benefits and helps address the problems of waste disposal and resource depletion.
This document discusses using waste materials in concrete to make it more sustainable. It provides an overview of research on replacing portions of cement with waste products like fly ash, steel slag, and hypo sludge. Using these materials provides environmental benefits by reducing pollution from cement production and diverting waste from landfills. The document also reviews literature on how different waste materials can be used when making concrete and their effects on the concrete's properties. It emphasizes the need for more research and government standards before these alternative materials can be widely used in construction.
IRJET- Characterization, Stabilization and Utilization of Sludge as a Constru...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research into characterizing, stabilizing, and utilizing industrial sludge as a construction material. The researchers obtained lime sludge from a paper mill and quarry dust from a granite industry as industrial wastes. They tested the physical and chemical properties of the sludge and quarry dust. Various mixtures were designed by partially replacing cement with these wastes. The compressive strengths of the mixtures were tested after 7 and 28 days and showed comparable strengths to conventional concrete, demonstrating the potential to use stabilized industrial sludge as a construction material.
IRJET - Application of Geopolymer Concrete in Construction of Green BuildingIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the use of geopolymer concrete as a more sustainable alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete for building construction. Geopolymer concrete is made from industrial byproducts like fly ash and rice husk ash activated by alkaline solutions, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
2. The study aims to produce geopolymer concrete using fly ash and rice husk ash as binder materials, with M25 grade mix design. Specimens will be tested for compressive strength at 14 and 28 days of curing at ambient temperature.
3. Literature reviewed suggests geopolymer concrete can successfully utilize industrial waste, reduce cement usage and CO2 emissions, while achieving comparable or improved mechanical properties over Portland cement concrete
IRJET- Review Paper on Use of Rise Husk Ash as Mineral Filler in Mastic AsphaltIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of rice husk ash (RHA) as a mineral filler in mastic asphalt. RHA is an agricultural waste produced during rice milling that contains a high percentage of silica. The document discusses how RHA has properties suitable for use as a filler, including its specific gravity and amorphous silica content. The document then summarizes several past studies that investigated partially replacing traditional fillers like limestone with RHA in asphalt concrete mixtures. The results of these studies showed that RHA can improve the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures, including increased Marshall stability. The document concludes that further investigation is needed on using RHA as a filler in mastic asphalt
IRJET- A Study of Properties of Concrete Making Partial Replacement of Cement...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the properties of concrete made by partially replacing cement with ceramic waste powder. Ceramic waste powder is used to replace cement at various percentages (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%) by weight. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the ceramic waste powder concrete mixtures are tested and compared to normal concrete at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results show that replacing 15% of cement with ceramic waste powder increases the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength, making it a potential sustainable and cost-effective concrete material.
IRJET- Development of Sustainable Brick Materials Incorporating Agro-Wastes: ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing sustainable brick materials using agricultural wastes. Specifically, it reviews the potential of using sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) and rice husk ash (RHA) as ingredients in alternative brick compositions. Several studies found that incorporating small amounts of SBA (5% by weight) and RHA into fired clay bricks can produce lighter bricks that meet strength requirements while utilizing agricultural waste materials and reducing environmental impacts. The document concludes that using agro-wastes like SBA and RHA in brick production provides a solution to pollution from waste disposal and helps make construction materials more sustainable and economical.
Rubber Powder As a Partial Replacement To Fine Aggregate in Geopolymer Ferroc...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using waste tire rubber and glass fibers as partial replacements for fine aggregate in ferrocrete mixes. Ferrocrete is a composite building material made of tightly bound wire mesh and cement mortar. Using waste materials can improve sustainability.
2) Previous studies found that replacing up to 25% of fine aggregates with crumb rubber, which is shredded tire rubber, improved the compressive strength of ferrocrete. Replacing sand with tire rubber or adding steel fibers also improved the impact resistance of ferrocrete.
3) The document reviews research on using waste materials like tire rubber and plastic in ferrocrete and the effects of treatment methods, particle size, and replacement amounts on ferrocrete properties. Studies found small amounts
IRJET- Alkaline Activation of Fly Ash: An OverviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses the alkaline activation of fly ash to enhance its properties for construction applications. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants and large quantities are produced worldwide. Alkaline activation can improve properties like strength, durability, and reduce environmental impacts. The document reviews various activation techniques including mechanical, chemical and thermal methods. It finds that activation enhances properties and allows more uses of fly ash in construction materials as an alternative to Portland cement, helping reduce costs and CO2 emissions.
Similar to Effect on Properties of Concrete using Agro-West as Replacement of Sand (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.