The document discusses eco-friendly or green concrete as concrete that uses less energy and produces less carbon dioxide than traditional concrete. It outlines various strategies for green concrete including increased use of recycled materials and supplementary cementitious materials. Specific materials that can be used in green concrete include fly ash, GGBS, silica fume, recycled concrete, glass, and plastic aggregates which provide benefits like reduced CO2 emissions and costs. The objectives and advantages of green concrete in sustainable construction are also presented.

2. Presented by:
Haider Ali Jafferi
M.Ali Rehman Siddiqui

3. ECO-FRIENDLY
CONCRETE
GREEN CONCRETE

4. Presentation Overview
 What is Eco-Friendly Concrete?
 Set-backs of Traditional Concrete
 Where Does CO2 come from in Concrete?
 Need of Eco-friendly Concrete
 Features of Eco-Friendly Concrete
 Strategies for Eco-Friendly Concrete
 Materials for Eco-Friendly Concrete
 Green Concrete Mix Design Objectives
 Sustainable/Green Construction with Green Concrete
 Advantages of Eco-friendly Concrete
 Conclusions

5. What Is Eco-Friendly Concrete
 Concrete that uses less energy in its production & produces less carbon
dioxide than normal concrete is referred to as Eco-friendly or Green
Concrete.
 Environment friendly.
 Considered to be cheap to produce.
 Less energy consumption & greater durability.

6. Set-Back of Traditional Concrete
 Traditional concrete is made from a mixture of cement, sand, gravel and
water.
 Cement is an environmentally hazardous material for the following
reasons:
 Cement production is extremely energy intensive, making it third producer
of CO2 emission.
 Cement production is increasing approximately 5% a year, making it one of
the most environmental destructive material.
 Aggregate materials like sand and stone that are mixed with cement are
mined from quarries, further taxing our natural resources.

7. Where Does CO2 Come From In
Concrete
 Two main sources:
i. Cement: Most of CO2 in concrete is from the cement manufacturing
process. A typical cubic meter of concrete contains about 10% cement
by weight. The reaction in the process of Cement manufacture is:
ii. Aggregates: Use of virgin aggregates contributes about 1% of all CO2
emissions from a typical cubic meter of concrete. Therefore, the use of
alternate aggregate is desirable. The use of local and recycled
aggregates is desirable as it can reduce transportation and fuel cost
and support sustainable development.
CaCO3 = CaO + CO2

8. Need Of Eco-Friendly Concrete
 Need of green concrete for better environment and sustainable
construction can be characterized by the following factors;
 Consumption of Natural Resources: More than 5 cubic billion yard
concrete is produced globally, requiring huge natural resources for
producing cement and aggregates.
 Global Warming: One ton of cement releases one ton of CO2 into the
atmosphere (greenhouse gas) contributes to the global warming.
 Water Consumption: Concrete industry uses over one trillion gallon of
water each year globally.

9. Features Of Eco-Friendly Concrete
 The concrete which can fall in the category of Eco-friendly must have
the following characteristics.
 Optimize use of available materials
 Better Performance
 Enhanced cohesion workability / consistency
 Reduced shrinkage / creep
 Durability - Better service life of concrete
 Reduced carbon footprint
 No increase in cost
 LEED Certification

10. Strategies For Eco-Friendly Concrete
The number of strategies, whereby Eco-friendly concrete can help in
achieving the sustainable construction are:
 Increased dependence on recycled materials.
 Effective use of supplementary cementitious materials.
 Improved mechanical properties.
 Reuse of wash water.

11. Materials Selection Criteria
 Green construction materials are composed of renewable, rather than
non renewable resources. Green materials are environmentally
responsible because impacts are considered over the life of the
product. Depending upon project-specific goals, green materials may
involve an evaluation of one or more of the following criteria.
 Locally available
 Salvaged, re-furnished or re-manufactured
 Reusable or recyclable
 Resource & Energy efficiency
 Indoor air quality (IAQ)
 Water conservation

12. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
 Cement Replacements:
GGBS Fly Ash
Recycled GlassSilica Fume

13. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
 Aggregates Replacement:
Recycled Concrete Material Waste
Plastic
Demolition Waste Recycled Glass Aggregates

14. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
1. Cement Replacement
The reduction in the use of Portland cement can be achieved with partial
replacement of cement by the various cementitious materials, such as:
 Fly Ash
 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
 Silica Fume
 Wood Ash etc.

15. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
A. FLY-ASH:
 Fly-ash usually refers to the ash produced during the combustion of coal.
 Less expensive than OPC and improves the strength of concrete.
 Generates less heat of hydration, thus preferable for mass concrete applications.
 Fly ash use in concrete improves the workability of plastic concrete, and the strength
and durability of hardened concrete.

16. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
Advantages of Fly-Ash:
 Utilization of fly ash as a part replacement of cement or as a mineral
admixture in concrete saves on cement and hence the emission of CO2.
 Use of good quality fly ash in concrete has shown remarkable improvement
in durability of concrete, especially in aggressive environment.
 Some of the technical benefits of the use of fly ash in Green Concrete are:
 Higher ultimate strength
 Increased durability
 Improved workability
 Reduced bleeding
 Increased resistance to alkali-silica reactivity.
 Reduced shrinkage.

17. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
B. GROUND GRANUALTED BLAST-FURNACE SLAG:
 Excellent cementitious material.
 Obtained by quenching of molten iron slag form blast furnace into
water/steam, to produce glassy granular product, dried and grounded to fine
powder.
 Optimum cement replacement level is about 70 to 80 %.
 Produces less heat of hydration and improves the durability of concrete.

18. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
Comparison of GGBFS with Portland Cement Concrete:
 Concretes with higher dosages of GGBFS will have lower heat of
hydration.
 Concerts containing slag may show longer time of setting than PCC for
moderate and higher dosages and at lower ambient temperatures.
 Concrete with GGBFS gains strength more slowly, will have lower
strength at early ages and equal or higher strength at later ages.
 Increasing slag dosage is associated with lower permeability in concrete.
 Concrete containing GGBFS dosage greater than 35% by mass of
cementitious material, have shown improvement in resistance to sulphate
attack as well as to alakli-aggregate expansion.

19. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
c. SILICA FUMES:
 Also known as “micro silica”
 Ultra fine powder obtained as a by-product of silicon and
ferrosilicon alloy production, from the condensation of Silicon
dioxide gas.
 Consists of spherical particles of 150nm dia.
 Silica fume is typically used in quantities ranging from 7 to
12% of the mass of the cementitious material
 Improves the durability and increases the ultimate
compressive strength.

20. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
Advantages of using Silica Fume (SF)
 It is generally specified for specialized applications such as structures
exposed to aggressive chemicals.
 It increases durability by making concrete less permeable. Increase
compressive strength as well.
 Due to its smaller size it decreases the void space in the cement matrix,
phenomenon is known as packing.
 Properly proportioned silica fume concrete can achieve very high early
and ultimate compressive strength.

21. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
D. WOOD ASH:
 Wood ash is the residue powder left after the combustion of wood.
 Wood ash has a huge capability for use as mineral admixture and
activator in cementitious material.
 Improves the compressive strength, appropriate for the many
structural application.

22. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
2. Aggregate Replacement
Green concrete can be produced by the use of recycled material, few of
these are as follows:
 Concrete Debris
 Post Consumer Glass
 Foundry Sand
 Waste Plastic
 Stone Crusher Wastes

23. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
A. CONCRETE DEBRIS:
 Most important replacement for reuse as aggregate in new concrete.
 Use of concrete debris to produce new concrete conserves natural
resources, reduces valuable landfill capacity and reducing the use of
virgin material.

24. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
B. POST CONSUMER GLASS:
 Glass is a unique inert material that could be recycled many times
without changing its chemical properties.
 Suitable aggregate for the concrete.
 Substantially reduces consumer landfill waste.
 Increases the durability of concrete.
Waste Glass ConcreteRecycled Glass Aggregates

25. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
c. FOUNDARY SAND:
 Commonly known as metal casting sand having high quality silica sand.
 Sand is typically recycled and reused through many production cycles.
 Foundry sand full fills the ASTM requirements for compressive strength,
absorption, and bulk density.

26. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
D. WASTE PLASTIC
 Plastic is cheap, flexible and strong material and can be recycled to
produce many new products.
 Industrial wastes from poly-ethylene-terephthalate (PET) plastic waste
were studied as the alternative replacement of a part of the
conventional aggregates.
 5 to 50 % replacement levels may be used.
 The modified concrete mix, with addition of plastic aggregate
replacing conventional aggregate up to certain 20% gives strength
with in permissible limit.

27. Waste Plastic Waste Plastic Concrete

28. Materials For Eco-Friendly Concrete
E. STONE CRUSHER WASTES:
 Quarry Rock Dust can be defined as residue, after the extraction and
processing of rocks to form fine particles.
 It can be used as an alternative replacement for sand in the concrete.
 It has sharp and angular particles, thus because of such causes a
gain in strength due to better interlocking.
 Quarry rock dust concrete experiences better sulfate and acid
resistance.
 Its permeability is less as compared to that of conventional concrete.

29. Stone Crusher Wastes Waste Stones for Green Conc.

30. Green Concrete Mix Design Objectives
 The concrete mix design method for green concrete is same as the
traditional concrete.
 The basic Green concrete mix design objectives are:
 Optimizes void spaces between aggregates by optimizing particle
proportion and packing materials.
 Aggregates replace excess cement paste to give improved stability, less
shrinkage and increase in strength & durability.
 Less cement also generates less heat of hydration.
 The slump of the concrete and its flow are a function of the shape & the
quantity of the predominant size of the aggregate in the mix.
 Use of more fine aggregate gives higher slump & flow. So the optimum
proportions of coarse & fine aggregate must be critically found to have the
best and dense concrete in both fresh & hardened stage of concrete.

31. Sustainable/Green Construction with
Green Concrete
 Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building)
refers to both a structure and the using of processes that
are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a
building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation,
maintenance, renovation, and demolition.
 Green Constructions which are concerned with the minimizing of
environmental impact, while optimizing its economical capability.
 Green construction is focused on:
 Affordability & Durability
 Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
 Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
 Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation
 Effectiveness

32. Advantages of Green Concrete
 The main environmental benefits of Green concrete are:
 Reduction of CO2 emission by concrete upto 30 %.
 Increases the use of waste products upto 20% by concrete industry, thus
reducing waste disposal problems.
 Other advantages may include:
 Reduce the dead weight of a structure and allows easy handling, lifting flexibility with
lighter weight.
 Speeds up construction, and shorten overall construction period.
 Less maintenance & repair required.
 Economical than traditional concrete.
 Green Concrete uses local and recycled materials in concrete.
 The heat of hydration of green concrete is significantly lower than traditional concrete.
 This result in a lower temperature rise in large concrete pours which is a distinct advantage
for green concrete.

33. Advantages of Green Concrete
 Improved engineered properties of green concrete may include:
 Mix can result in a reduced paste volume within the concrete structure
resulting in a higher level of protection against concrete deterioration.
 Higher strength per kilogram of cement.
 Increased durability & lower permeability.
 More aggregates typically mean higher Modulus of elasticity.

34. Conclusion
 Green concrete technology is one of the major steps that a construction
industry can implement to achieve sustainable construction with various
means as discussed above.
 Green concrete Technology can save the natural materials for future
use or the generations to come and sustain it for good amount of time.
 By using waste materials for construction, the virgin materials will
become a sustainable material and as well the cost will be reduced.
 The usage of green concrete ensures sustainable development and it is
gaining popularity ever since its initiation.