This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of magnesium sulfate attack on basalt fiber reinforced concrete with partial to full replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand. Seven concrete mixes were prepared by varying the percentage of manufactured sand replacement from 0% to 100%, with a fixed percentage of basalt fibers. Specimens were tested for compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength after curing and exposure to magnesium sulfate solution. The results showed that concrete with 100% manufactured sand replacement and basalt fibers achieved the highest compressive and tensile strengths, and improved flexural strength compared to other mixes. The study evaluated the use of manufactured sand and basalt fibers to improve the durability of concrete exposed to sulfate environments.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation of Concrete using Vermiculite as Partial...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates the use of vermiculite as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Vermiculite is chosen because it improves workability, fire resistance, crack resistance, and shrinkage resistance while being chemically inert. Concrete mixes are designed for M30 grade concrete with 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of fine aggregate by vermiculite. Testing shows the 15% replacement mix achieves the highest compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength compared to the other mixes and normal concrete. The study concludes vermiculite concrete provides improved properties while being more economical and environmentally friendly than traditional concrete.
Experimental Study on the Properties of PFRC using M-SandIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study on the properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete (PFRC) using manufactured sand (M-Sand) as a partial replacement for river sand. Concrete mixtures with 0-100% replacement of river sand by M-Sand and 0.5% polypropylene fibers by weight of cement were tested. The results showed that compressive strength and split tensile strength increased up to 100% replacement of river sand with M-Sand and addition of 0.5% polypropylene fibers, indicating it is a viable alternative.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Light Weight Fiber Concrete using Pumice Stone a...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on producing lightweight fiber concrete using pumice stone as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate. Pumice stone was used to replace coarse aggregate at levels of 10-50% by weight to reduce the density of the concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and Recron 3s fibers were also added to improve the strength properties. Concrete cubes were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength at 7 and 28 days of curing. The results showed that replacing coarse aggregate with pumice stone produced lighter weight concrete while maintaining adequate strength properties with the addition of GGBFS and fibers.
IRJET- Utilization of Rice Husk Ash and Foundry Sand as Partial Replaceme...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on utilizing rice husk ash and foundry sand as partial replacements for cement and river sand in fiber reinforced concrete. Testing was conducted to determine the optimum fiber content and then evaluate how replacing cement with 5-20% rice husk ash and sand with 10-40% foundry sand impacted the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of the concrete. The results showed that a mixture with 0.5% fibers and 10% rice husk ash and 20% foundry sand replacements achieved the highest strengths.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Engineering Properties of Hollow Concret...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the engineering properties of hollow concrete blocks reinforced with basalt fibre. Basalt fibre is added to hollow concrete blocks in amounts of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by volume of cement to study its effect on compressive strength. Testing shows that with increased basalt fibre content, the compressive strength and density of the hollow blocks increases while water absorption decreases, with the 1.5% fibre content blocks performing best. The aim is to reduce cracking in hollow concrete block walls through the addition of basalt fibre.
IRJET - Flexural Behaviour on Fiber Reinforced Bubble Deck Beam with Recycled...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the flexural behavior of fiber reinforced bubble deck beams that use recycled aggregates. A bubble deck beam is a beam where the core material in the middle is replaced with hollow spheres to reduce weight. In this study, the core concrete of beams was partially replaced with high-density polyethylene balls. Recycled coarse aggregates were used to replace 100% of natural coarse aggregates. Recron 3s polyester fibers were added in dosages from 1-4% by weight of fine aggregate to improve concrete properties. Beams were cast and tested to determine flexural strength, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and split tensile strength at various curing periods. The results were compared to a control beam without fibers
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation of Concrete using Vermiculite as Partial...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates the use of vermiculite as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Vermiculite is chosen because it improves workability, fire resistance, crack resistance, and shrinkage resistance while being chemically inert. Concrete mixes are designed for M30 grade concrete with 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of fine aggregate by vermiculite. Testing shows the 15% replacement mix achieves the highest compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength compared to the other mixes and normal concrete. The study concludes vermiculite concrete provides improved properties while being more economical and environmentally friendly than traditional concrete.
Experimental Study on the Properties of PFRC using M-SandIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study on the properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete (PFRC) using manufactured sand (M-Sand) as a partial replacement for river sand. Concrete mixtures with 0-100% replacement of river sand by M-Sand and 0.5% polypropylene fibers by weight of cement were tested. The results showed that compressive strength and split tensile strength increased up to 100% replacement of river sand with M-Sand and addition of 0.5% polypropylene fibers, indicating it is a viable alternative.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Light Weight Fiber Concrete using Pumice Stone a...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on producing lightweight fiber concrete using pumice stone as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate. Pumice stone was used to replace coarse aggregate at levels of 10-50% by weight to reduce the density of the concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and Recron 3s fibers were also added to improve the strength properties. Concrete cubes were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength at 7 and 28 days of curing. The results showed that replacing coarse aggregate with pumice stone produced lighter weight concrete while maintaining adequate strength properties with the addition of GGBFS and fibers.
IRJET- Utilization of Rice Husk Ash and Foundry Sand as Partial Replaceme...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on utilizing rice husk ash and foundry sand as partial replacements for cement and river sand in fiber reinforced concrete. Testing was conducted to determine the optimum fiber content and then evaluate how replacing cement with 5-20% rice husk ash and sand with 10-40% foundry sand impacted the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of the concrete. The results showed that a mixture with 0.5% fibers and 10% rice husk ash and 20% foundry sand replacements achieved the highest strengths.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Engineering Properties of Hollow Concret...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the engineering properties of hollow concrete blocks reinforced with basalt fibre. Basalt fibre is added to hollow concrete blocks in amounts of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by volume of cement to study its effect on compressive strength. Testing shows that with increased basalt fibre content, the compressive strength and density of the hollow blocks increases while water absorption decreases, with the 1.5% fibre content blocks performing best. The aim is to reduce cracking in hollow concrete block walls through the addition of basalt fibre.
IRJET - Flexural Behaviour on Fiber Reinforced Bubble Deck Beam with Recycled...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the flexural behavior of fiber reinforced bubble deck beams that use recycled aggregates. A bubble deck beam is a beam where the core material in the middle is replaced with hollow spheres to reduce weight. In this study, the core concrete of beams was partially replaced with high-density polyethylene balls. Recycled coarse aggregates were used to replace 100% of natural coarse aggregates. Recron 3s polyester fibers were added in dosages from 1-4% by weight of fine aggregate to improve concrete properties. Beams were cast and tested to determine flexural strength, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and split tensile strength at various curing periods. The results were compared to a control beam without fibers
IRJET - Study on High Strength Concrete by using Replacement of Metakaolin an...IRJET Journal
This study investigates the use of metakaolin and copper slag as replacements for cement and fine aggregate respectively in concrete to improve strength and durability. Various literature studies showed that replacing cement with 7.5-15% metakaolin and replacing fine aggregate with 25-50% copper slag increased compressive strength by up to 40% compared to conventional concrete. The objectives of this study are to determine the optimal percentages of metakaolin and copper slag replacements. Concrete mixes with 0-12.5% metakaolin and 0-50% copper slag will be tested to evaluate compressive strength, split tensile strength and workability. The results will provide information on utilizing industrial byproducts in concrete production to enhance sustainability.
Effect of Granite Powder and Polypropylene Fiber on Compressive, Split Tensil...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of adding granite powder and polypropylene fibers on the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete. Granite powder was used to replace river sand in proportions of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Polypropylene fibers made up 0.25% of the cement weight. Specimens were tested for strengths at 7, 28, and 56 days and after exposure to 300°C. Results showed that concrete with 20% granite powder replacement had improved compressive strength compared to normal concrete. The study aimed to develop more durable and heat-resistant concrete using industrial waste materials.
Mechanical Properties of Cement Replaced Concrete With Rice Husk Ash and Addi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the mechanical properties of concrete where part of the cement was replaced with rice husk ash and polypropylene fibers were added. The study found that replacing 10% of cement with rice husk ash increased the compressive and flexural strength of concrete compared to normal concrete. Replacing more than 10% of cement or adding more than 0.5% polypropylene fibers resulted in lower strengths. The optimal mix was found to be 10% cement replacement with rice husk ash, which showed improvements in strength properties.
IRJET- A Review on Behaviour of ECO Green Concrete in Construction IndustryIRJET Journal
This document reviews the behavior of eco-friendly or "green" concrete in the construction industry. It discusses how green concrete uses industrial and construction waste materials like fly ash and demolished concrete rubble as partial replacements for natural aggregates and cement. Using these recycled materials reduces environmental impacts by lowering CO2 emissions in cement production and diverting waste from landfills. The document outlines the materials used in green concrete, its environmental benefits like increased longevity and reduced energy usage compared to traditional concrete. It also discusses production methods and properties of green concrete, concluding it can reduce the construction industry's CO2 emissions while benefiting from cost savings compared to conventional concrete.
Pervious concrete is a concrete composite material consisting of coarse
aggregate, cement and water. Because of the absence of fine aggregate in the mixture,
the aggregates are bonded together at its points of contact by cement paste, resulting
in a high percentage of interconnected voids that, when functioning correctly, permit
the rapid percolation of water through the concrete. In this work, polypropylene
monofilament and fibrillated fibres are selected as raw materials in three varying
percentage. 0.2% of fiber is added by the total volume of concrete and a new method
for determining the permeability of pervious concrete that provides better design
methodology is used. The experimental test values of permeability are discussed and
validated using Avizo software. The mix design is done for the water to binder ratio of
0.30. Coarse aggregate of 10 mm and 4.75 mm are selected in order to reduce the
void content as per the ACI 522R-06 codal provision. The addition of polypropylene
fibers shows enhancement in mechanical properties of the pervious concrete as
expected
Influence of RGO and Fly-Ash on Cement Composite at Elevated TemperaturesIRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the influence of adding reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and fly ash to ordinary Portland cement concrete composites. Samples were made with 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% RGO and 20% fly ash by weight. Testing found that RGO and fly ash can increase compressive and tensile strength by filling pores, and help maintain properties at elevated temperatures up to 600°C. Overall, RGO and fly ash showed potential as promising fillers for ordinary Portland cement.
An Experimental Investigation on the Properties of Red Mud Fibre Reinforced C...IRJET Journal
- Researchers conducted an experiment to investigate how partially replacing cement with red mud fibre reinforced concrete affects concrete properties.
- They tested concrete mixtures with 0-20% cement replaced by red mud, along with 0.5% and 1% galvanized iron fibres by volume.
- Test results showed compressive and tensile strength increased up to 8% cement replacement by red mud, with the 1% fibre mixture performing better, gaining up to 18.9% higher compressive strength. Higher replacements saw strengths decline.
IRJET- Study on Behaviour of Concrete Beams Containing Granite PowderIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of a study on the behavior of concrete beams containing granite powder. Granite powder is a byproduct of granite polishing and milling industries. In the study, granite powder was used to partially replace sand in concrete mixes at percentages of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of sand. Concrete cubes and beams were cast and tested for compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that replacing 15% of sand with granite powder led to the highest increase in strengths compared to the other ratios. At 15% replacement, there was approximately a 15% increase in 28-day compressive strength compared to normal concrete without granite powder
IRJET - Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Ground Granulated Blast Fur...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on partially replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and adding carbon fibers to concrete. The main objective is to design M30 grade concrete and test the strength and durability by replacing 40% of cement with GGBS and adding 0-1.5% carbon fibers by volume. Test results showed increases in compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of the carbon fiber reinforced concrete. Literature on the uses of GGBS and carbon fibers in concrete is also reviewed, finding that GGBS replacement between 40-45% and carbon fiber addition can improve strength and durability. The study aims to determine how GGBS and carbon fibers affect the mechanical and
An Experimental Investigation on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Partial...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on steel fiber reinforced concrete with partial replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand. Cubes, cylinders, prisms, and L-shaped specimens of M30 grade concrete with 50% replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand and 1% steel fibers were cast and tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to evaluate mechanical properties. The tests included compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, shear strength, and the effect of high temperatures. The study aims to compare the mechanical performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete with manufactured sand to normal concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Properties of Light Weight Foam ConcreteIRJET Journal
- The document experimentally studies the properties of lightweight foam concrete with the addition of fly ash as a cement replacement.
- Fly ash is used to replace cement in definite proportions, and the influence on the strength and density of foam concrete is analyzed.
- The results show that replacing fine aggregate with fly ash helps increase the strength of foam concrete at lower densities, allowing for a higher strength-to-density ratio and making it a more sustainable and cost-effective material.
The document summarizes a study that used graphene oxide to resolve the structures of self-assembled block copolymers. The approach allowed for stain-free imaging of the copolymer nanostructures using phase contrast TEM imaging. This provided higher resolution, greater contrast, and less ambiguous results than traditional methods. It also allowed the same specimen to be analyzed using multiple techniques, overcoming limitations of individual methods. It is hoped this new technique will help progress drug and gene delivery systems as well as nanoreactors and nanoelectronics.
This document presents the results of a case study on the strength properties of partially replaced recycled aggregate and steel fibers in nominal concrete. Concrete cubes and beams were cast with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of natural coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate. Steel fiber dosages of 0%, 5%, and 10% by volume were used. Compressive strength of cubes and flexural strength of beams were tested at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that compressive and flexural strengths generally increased from 7 to 28 days. Strengths also generally increased with the addition of steel fibers up to 10% replacement of natural aggregate with recycled aggregate. Adding steel fibers to recycled aggregate concrete improved energy absorption and decreased crack widths under loading.
IRJET- A Study on Influence of Graphene Oxide Powder on Compressive Strength ...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on the influence of graphene oxide powder on the compressive strength of concrete. Various percentages of graphene oxide powder (0%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04% by weight of cement) were added to concrete mixes with different water-cement ratios. Tests found that workability was maintained at different water-cement ratios. Compressive strength generally increased with the addition of graphene oxide powder up to 0.03%, with the highest strength achieved at 0.03%. Curve fitting identified the best fit equations for mix design based on the compressive strength results.
This document summarizes a student project that investigates using granite cutting dust (GCD) and steel fibers to create an economical and stronger concrete. The project will test different replacement percentages of sand with GCD and steel fibers to determine optimum amounts. Tests will examine the composite material's compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, corrosion resistance, acid resistance, water absorption and sorptivity. If successful, the concrete could be used for industrial flooring, pavements, tunnel linings and other applications.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FERROCEMENT DEEP BEAMS WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT...ijsrd.com
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of ferrocement deep beams with partial replacement of river sand by pond ash. 18 deep beams and 18 cubes were cast with varying parameters. The beams had wire mesh layers and shear span-to-depth ratios varied to study their effects. Mortar cubes were also cast with 0-30% pond ash replacement to determine the optimum replacement. Beams were tested under two-point loads and failure modes, cracking patterns, and load-deflection behaviors were recorded. Results showed increased strength and ductility with more wire mesh layers and flexural failures at higher shear span-to-depth ratios.
Effect of Nanoclay on the Structure and Properties of High Density Polyethyle...iosrjce
In this study we prepared high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ clay nanocomposites by melt
compounding in a twin screw extruder with rotational speed of 50rpm and the temperatures of the zones are set
to 180-210°C.Different screw configuration have been used to study the effect of screw elements on the
properties of nanocomposites. screw configuration changed from dispersive to distributive type. Cloisite 15A
was used as the filler and weight percent of clay was fixed to 3wt%. Maleated polyethylene grafted polyolefins
supplied from Reliance ltd. A new combination of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene prepared in our lab
through grafting also taken as compatibilizer.the samples were then characterized by XRD,FTIR and DSC. The
results showed that PE/clay nanocomposites provide better exfoliation with high dispersive screw
configuration. The addition of clay also increased the dispersion and crystallinity of the composite. The clay
particles helped the nanocomposites to develop toruos path that prevent the leakage of gas through it.
Rheological results indicated an increase in the viscosity with the addition of nano clay to PE. wide angle x-ray
diffraction shows the better exfoliation of nano particle clays in the polymer matrix. The mechanical, thermal
and rheological characteristics were measured by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray
diffraction (XRD). XRD indicates that Compatibilizer –nanoclay ratio plays an important role in the exfoliation
of clay in the polyethylene.
This document discusses the modification of asphalt with nanoclay. Nanoclay is described as an eco-friendly and sustainable material that can improve the engineering properties of asphalt. The document outlines how nanoclay-modified asphalt is prepared by dispersing surfactant-modified nanoclay in solvent before mixing with asphalt. Characterization tests showed that nanoclay increases the toughness and aging resistance of asphalt and improves resistance to deicing agents. Overall, nanoclay modification creates a more durable asphalt with improved tensile strength at a lower cost.
This study investigated the use of washed bottom ash (WBA) as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Cubes, cylinders, and prisms were cast with WBA replacing 0-50% of fine aggregate to test mechanical properties at 14 and 28 days. Results showed that compressive and flexural strengths increased up to 10-20% replacement of WBA but decreased with higher replacements. The 28 day strengths were generally higher than 14 day strengths. The study concluded that WBA can effectively replace up to 20% of fine aggregate in normal strength concrete.
Enhancement of torsional resistance in fibrous normal strength concrete beamseSAT Journals
Abstract This paper highlights the influence of thickness of concrete cover on the torsional resistance in the fibrous rectangular solid concrete beams under pure torsion. In this investigation, thickness of concrete cover vary between 18 and 53 mm. To study the influence of concrete cover in under-reinforced fibrous normal strength concrete, four fibrous concrete beams were cast and test under pure torsion. The under-reinforced concrete beams was designed based on ACI-318-14. The transverse and longitudinal reinforcement indexes are kept constant in the beams. While the aspect ratio of the beam cross section and span to depth ratio of the beams are 1.22 and 5.75, respectively. The test results were claimed that the torsional resistance provided by concrete and reinforcements plus fibre were enhanced at crack and peak loads up to 76.4% and 64.4%, respectively. In contrast, twisting angle, shear strain in concrete, strain in transverse and longitudinal reinforcements were reduced up to 57.8%, 65%, 89.3% and 95.6%, respectively. The spacing between cracks and the angle of inclination of crack at failure was increased whereas the number of cracks reduced. The dimensional analysis was used to proposed equations to predict torsional resistance at crack and peak loads including the contribution of concrete cover. In addition, the Buckingham П theorem was used for this purpose. Based on the 34 data from previous researches and the data in this research, nonlinear multiple regressions in Minitab software version 16 was used to predict the coefficients of the proposed П-groups equations. The proposed models have shown a good agreement with test results. Keywords: Fibrous Concrete, Concrete Cover, and Dimensional Analysis
Experimental and Anlytical Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Opening...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the use of foundry sand as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in reinforced concrete beams. Foundry sand is a waste byproduct from metal casting industries. The study aims to utilize this waste material in concrete production. Concrete cubes and beams were cast using foundry sand replacements of 0-100% in increments of 10%. Beams were cast with a rounded rectangular opening. Testing found that a 40% replacement of foundry sand provided the maximum compressive strength. Beams were then cast using the 40% optimized mix and tested under two-point loading. Test results showed that foundry sand can be used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete, improving strength and providing an outlet for an
Strength Characteristics of Concrete Produced by Replacing Fine Aggregates wi...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study investigating the strength properties of concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder and the addition of 2% basalt fiber. Concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders were cast with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder. The specimens were water cured for 7 and 28 days and then tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results showed that partial replacement of fine aggregate with marble powder, along with the addition of basalt fiber, can increase the strength of concrete at an economical cost while also providing an environmentally friendly way to dispose of industrial waste like marble powder.
IRJET - Study on High Strength Concrete by using Replacement of Metakaolin an...IRJET Journal
This study investigates the use of metakaolin and copper slag as replacements for cement and fine aggregate respectively in concrete to improve strength and durability. Various literature studies showed that replacing cement with 7.5-15% metakaolin and replacing fine aggregate with 25-50% copper slag increased compressive strength by up to 40% compared to conventional concrete. The objectives of this study are to determine the optimal percentages of metakaolin and copper slag replacements. Concrete mixes with 0-12.5% metakaolin and 0-50% copper slag will be tested to evaluate compressive strength, split tensile strength and workability. The results will provide information on utilizing industrial byproducts in concrete production to enhance sustainability.
Effect of Granite Powder and Polypropylene Fiber on Compressive, Split Tensil...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of adding granite powder and polypropylene fibers on the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete. Granite powder was used to replace river sand in proportions of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Polypropylene fibers made up 0.25% of the cement weight. Specimens were tested for strengths at 7, 28, and 56 days and after exposure to 300°C. Results showed that concrete with 20% granite powder replacement had improved compressive strength compared to normal concrete. The study aimed to develop more durable and heat-resistant concrete using industrial waste materials.
Mechanical Properties of Cement Replaced Concrete With Rice Husk Ash and Addi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the mechanical properties of concrete where part of the cement was replaced with rice husk ash and polypropylene fibers were added. The study found that replacing 10% of cement with rice husk ash increased the compressive and flexural strength of concrete compared to normal concrete. Replacing more than 10% of cement or adding more than 0.5% polypropylene fibers resulted in lower strengths. The optimal mix was found to be 10% cement replacement with rice husk ash, which showed improvements in strength properties.
IRJET- A Review on Behaviour of ECO Green Concrete in Construction IndustryIRJET Journal
This document reviews the behavior of eco-friendly or "green" concrete in the construction industry. It discusses how green concrete uses industrial and construction waste materials like fly ash and demolished concrete rubble as partial replacements for natural aggregates and cement. Using these recycled materials reduces environmental impacts by lowering CO2 emissions in cement production and diverting waste from landfills. The document outlines the materials used in green concrete, its environmental benefits like increased longevity and reduced energy usage compared to traditional concrete. It also discusses production methods and properties of green concrete, concluding it can reduce the construction industry's CO2 emissions while benefiting from cost savings compared to conventional concrete.
Pervious concrete is a concrete composite material consisting of coarse
aggregate, cement and water. Because of the absence of fine aggregate in the mixture,
the aggregates are bonded together at its points of contact by cement paste, resulting
in a high percentage of interconnected voids that, when functioning correctly, permit
the rapid percolation of water through the concrete. In this work, polypropylene
monofilament and fibrillated fibres are selected as raw materials in three varying
percentage. 0.2% of fiber is added by the total volume of concrete and a new method
for determining the permeability of pervious concrete that provides better design
methodology is used. The experimental test values of permeability are discussed and
validated using Avizo software. The mix design is done for the water to binder ratio of
0.30. Coarse aggregate of 10 mm and 4.75 mm are selected in order to reduce the
void content as per the ACI 522R-06 codal provision. The addition of polypropylene
fibers shows enhancement in mechanical properties of the pervious concrete as
expected
Influence of RGO and Fly-Ash on Cement Composite at Elevated TemperaturesIRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the influence of adding reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and fly ash to ordinary Portland cement concrete composites. Samples were made with 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% RGO and 20% fly ash by weight. Testing found that RGO and fly ash can increase compressive and tensile strength by filling pores, and help maintain properties at elevated temperatures up to 600°C. Overall, RGO and fly ash showed potential as promising fillers for ordinary Portland cement.
An Experimental Investigation on the Properties of Red Mud Fibre Reinforced C...IRJET Journal
- Researchers conducted an experiment to investigate how partially replacing cement with red mud fibre reinforced concrete affects concrete properties.
- They tested concrete mixtures with 0-20% cement replaced by red mud, along with 0.5% and 1% galvanized iron fibres by volume.
- Test results showed compressive and tensile strength increased up to 8% cement replacement by red mud, with the 1% fibre mixture performing better, gaining up to 18.9% higher compressive strength. Higher replacements saw strengths decline.
IRJET- Study on Behaviour of Concrete Beams Containing Granite PowderIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of a study on the behavior of concrete beams containing granite powder. Granite powder is a byproduct of granite polishing and milling industries. In the study, granite powder was used to partially replace sand in concrete mixes at percentages of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of sand. Concrete cubes and beams were cast and tested for compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that replacing 15% of sand with granite powder led to the highest increase in strengths compared to the other ratios. At 15% replacement, there was approximately a 15% increase in 28-day compressive strength compared to normal concrete without granite powder
IRJET - Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Ground Granulated Blast Fur...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on partially replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and adding carbon fibers to concrete. The main objective is to design M30 grade concrete and test the strength and durability by replacing 40% of cement with GGBS and adding 0-1.5% carbon fibers by volume. Test results showed increases in compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of the carbon fiber reinforced concrete. Literature on the uses of GGBS and carbon fibers in concrete is also reviewed, finding that GGBS replacement between 40-45% and carbon fiber addition can improve strength and durability. The study aims to determine how GGBS and carbon fibers affect the mechanical and
An Experimental Investigation on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Partial...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on steel fiber reinforced concrete with partial replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand. Cubes, cylinders, prisms, and L-shaped specimens of M30 grade concrete with 50% replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand and 1% steel fibers were cast and tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to evaluate mechanical properties. The tests included compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, shear strength, and the effect of high temperatures. The study aims to compare the mechanical performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete with manufactured sand to normal concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Properties of Light Weight Foam ConcreteIRJET Journal
- The document experimentally studies the properties of lightweight foam concrete with the addition of fly ash as a cement replacement.
- Fly ash is used to replace cement in definite proportions, and the influence on the strength and density of foam concrete is analyzed.
- The results show that replacing fine aggregate with fly ash helps increase the strength of foam concrete at lower densities, allowing for a higher strength-to-density ratio and making it a more sustainable and cost-effective material.
The document summarizes a study that used graphene oxide to resolve the structures of self-assembled block copolymers. The approach allowed for stain-free imaging of the copolymer nanostructures using phase contrast TEM imaging. This provided higher resolution, greater contrast, and less ambiguous results than traditional methods. It also allowed the same specimen to be analyzed using multiple techniques, overcoming limitations of individual methods. It is hoped this new technique will help progress drug and gene delivery systems as well as nanoreactors and nanoelectronics.
This document presents the results of a case study on the strength properties of partially replaced recycled aggregate and steel fibers in nominal concrete. Concrete cubes and beams were cast with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of natural coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate. Steel fiber dosages of 0%, 5%, and 10% by volume were used. Compressive strength of cubes and flexural strength of beams were tested at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that compressive and flexural strengths generally increased from 7 to 28 days. Strengths also generally increased with the addition of steel fibers up to 10% replacement of natural aggregate with recycled aggregate. Adding steel fibers to recycled aggregate concrete improved energy absorption and decreased crack widths under loading.
IRJET- A Study on Influence of Graphene Oxide Powder on Compressive Strength ...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on the influence of graphene oxide powder on the compressive strength of concrete. Various percentages of graphene oxide powder (0%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04% by weight of cement) were added to concrete mixes with different water-cement ratios. Tests found that workability was maintained at different water-cement ratios. Compressive strength generally increased with the addition of graphene oxide powder up to 0.03%, with the highest strength achieved at 0.03%. Curve fitting identified the best fit equations for mix design based on the compressive strength results.
This document summarizes a student project that investigates using granite cutting dust (GCD) and steel fibers to create an economical and stronger concrete. The project will test different replacement percentages of sand with GCD and steel fibers to determine optimum amounts. Tests will examine the composite material's compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, corrosion resistance, acid resistance, water absorption and sorptivity. If successful, the concrete could be used for industrial flooring, pavements, tunnel linings and other applications.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FERROCEMENT DEEP BEAMS WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT...ijsrd.com
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of ferrocement deep beams with partial replacement of river sand by pond ash. 18 deep beams and 18 cubes were cast with varying parameters. The beams had wire mesh layers and shear span-to-depth ratios varied to study their effects. Mortar cubes were also cast with 0-30% pond ash replacement to determine the optimum replacement. Beams were tested under two-point loads and failure modes, cracking patterns, and load-deflection behaviors were recorded. Results showed increased strength and ductility with more wire mesh layers and flexural failures at higher shear span-to-depth ratios.
Effect of Nanoclay on the Structure and Properties of High Density Polyethyle...iosrjce
In this study we prepared high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ clay nanocomposites by melt
compounding in a twin screw extruder with rotational speed of 50rpm and the temperatures of the zones are set
to 180-210°C.Different screw configuration have been used to study the effect of screw elements on the
properties of nanocomposites. screw configuration changed from dispersive to distributive type. Cloisite 15A
was used as the filler and weight percent of clay was fixed to 3wt%. Maleated polyethylene grafted polyolefins
supplied from Reliance ltd. A new combination of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene prepared in our lab
through grafting also taken as compatibilizer.the samples were then characterized by XRD,FTIR and DSC. The
results showed that PE/clay nanocomposites provide better exfoliation with high dispersive screw
configuration. The addition of clay also increased the dispersion and crystallinity of the composite. The clay
particles helped the nanocomposites to develop toruos path that prevent the leakage of gas through it.
Rheological results indicated an increase in the viscosity with the addition of nano clay to PE. wide angle x-ray
diffraction shows the better exfoliation of nano particle clays in the polymer matrix. The mechanical, thermal
and rheological characteristics were measured by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray
diffraction (XRD). XRD indicates that Compatibilizer –nanoclay ratio plays an important role in the exfoliation
of clay in the polyethylene.
This document discusses the modification of asphalt with nanoclay. Nanoclay is described as an eco-friendly and sustainable material that can improve the engineering properties of asphalt. The document outlines how nanoclay-modified asphalt is prepared by dispersing surfactant-modified nanoclay in solvent before mixing with asphalt. Characterization tests showed that nanoclay increases the toughness and aging resistance of asphalt and improves resistance to deicing agents. Overall, nanoclay modification creates a more durable asphalt with improved tensile strength at a lower cost.
This study investigated the use of washed bottom ash (WBA) as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Cubes, cylinders, and prisms were cast with WBA replacing 0-50% of fine aggregate to test mechanical properties at 14 and 28 days. Results showed that compressive and flexural strengths increased up to 10-20% replacement of WBA but decreased with higher replacements. The 28 day strengths were generally higher than 14 day strengths. The study concluded that WBA can effectively replace up to 20% of fine aggregate in normal strength concrete.
Enhancement of torsional resistance in fibrous normal strength concrete beamseSAT Journals
Abstract This paper highlights the influence of thickness of concrete cover on the torsional resistance in the fibrous rectangular solid concrete beams under pure torsion. In this investigation, thickness of concrete cover vary between 18 and 53 mm. To study the influence of concrete cover in under-reinforced fibrous normal strength concrete, four fibrous concrete beams were cast and test under pure torsion. The under-reinforced concrete beams was designed based on ACI-318-14. The transverse and longitudinal reinforcement indexes are kept constant in the beams. While the aspect ratio of the beam cross section and span to depth ratio of the beams are 1.22 and 5.75, respectively. The test results were claimed that the torsional resistance provided by concrete and reinforcements plus fibre were enhanced at crack and peak loads up to 76.4% and 64.4%, respectively. In contrast, twisting angle, shear strain in concrete, strain in transverse and longitudinal reinforcements were reduced up to 57.8%, 65%, 89.3% and 95.6%, respectively. The spacing between cracks and the angle of inclination of crack at failure was increased whereas the number of cracks reduced. The dimensional analysis was used to proposed equations to predict torsional resistance at crack and peak loads including the contribution of concrete cover. In addition, the Buckingham П theorem was used for this purpose. Based on the 34 data from previous researches and the data in this research, nonlinear multiple regressions in Minitab software version 16 was used to predict the coefficients of the proposed П-groups equations. The proposed models have shown a good agreement with test results. Keywords: Fibrous Concrete, Concrete Cover, and Dimensional Analysis
Experimental and Anlytical Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Opening...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the use of foundry sand as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in reinforced concrete beams. Foundry sand is a waste byproduct from metal casting industries. The study aims to utilize this waste material in concrete production. Concrete cubes and beams were cast using foundry sand replacements of 0-100% in increments of 10%. Beams were cast with a rounded rectangular opening. Testing found that a 40% replacement of foundry sand provided the maximum compressive strength. Beams were then cast using the 40% optimized mix and tested under two-point loading. Test results showed that foundry sand can be used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete, improving strength and providing an outlet for an
Strength Characteristics of Concrete Produced by Replacing Fine Aggregates wi...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study investigating the strength properties of concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder and the addition of 2% basalt fiber. Concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders were cast with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder. The specimens were water cured for 7 and 28 days and then tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results showed that partial replacement of fine aggregate with marble powder, along with the addition of basalt fiber, can increase the strength of concrete at an economical cost while also providing an environmentally friendly way to dispose of industrial waste like marble powder.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Split Tensile Strength of Nano Silica ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document reports on an experimental study that investigated the effect of nano silica on the split tensile strength of concrete. Concrete samples were produced by replacing 0-3% of cement with nano silica. Testing found that split tensile strength increased up to 3% nano silica replacement, with the highest strength achieved with 3% replacement. Workability also increased up to 2.5% replacement before decreasing. The study concluded that nano silica improves split tensile strength by altering the microstructure of concrete and that maximum strength is achieved with 3% cement replacement by nano silica.
An Experimental Study of Flexural Strength of Concrete Beam Reinforced with F...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally tested the flexural strength of concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) grids. Beams of four concrete grades (M35, M30, M25, M20) with dimensions of 150mmx150mmx700mm were cast and tested under two-point bending. FRP grids of two lengths (500mm and 600mm) and 2.5cm thickness were placed in the tensile zone of the beams as reinforcement. Testing found that beams with FRP grids had significantly higher flexural strength compared to plain concrete beams, with an increase of 426% for M35 grade concrete. The results indicate that FRP grids can effectively enhance the flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams.
Experimental Study on High Strength Concrete using Industrial Wastesijtsrd
Generally the river sand is used as a fine aggregate on concrete and is obtained by mining the sand from river bed. Increased sand mining not only affects the aquifer of the river bed but also causes environmental problems. In recent days demand for river sand is increasing due to its lesser availability. Therefore the practice of replacing river sand with Metakaolin is taking a tremendous growth. It is inferred from the literature that replacement of Metakaolin upto 40 gives tremendous increase in the strength of the concrete above which the strength starts to decrease. Various literatures show that replacing with green sand 30 to 40 replacement seems to be effective. In both the cases the workability decreases with the increase in its quantity. Also Bottom ash and Metakaolin replacement results in the decrease of workability and it leads to uneconomic in the project. This paper presents the replacement of fine aggregate up to 40 . The river sand is replaced by Green sand, and Marble powder. The replacement levels of Green sand and marble powder varies from 5 , 10 , 15 and 20 . From the mix design, the w c ratio is taken to be 0.40. The specimens are to be casted, cured for the respective mix proportions and various strength characteristics of the concrete at 28 days are to be performed. The suitability of the replacement materials as fine aggregate for concrete has been assessed by comparing its strength. Sriram R | Mr. Prabakaran | Mrs. Uma Nambi ""Experimental Study on High Strength Concrete using Industrial Wastes"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23155.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/23155/experimental-study-on-high-strength-concrete-using-industrial-wastes/sriram-r
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of River Sand, M-Sand and Quarry SandIRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative analysis of river sand, manufactured sand (M-sand), and quarry sand for use as fine aggregates in concrete. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete mixtures made with 100% replacement of river sand with M-sand and quarry sand. The results showed that at 28 days, M-sand concrete achieved higher strengths than river sand concrete, indicating that natural sand can be fully replaced with M-sand in concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE OXIDE CONCRETE WITH THE...IRJET Journal
- The document presents research on the strength properties of concrete with partial cement replacement by wollastonite and the addition of graphene oxide.
- Testing was conducted on concrete cubes with wollastonite replacing cement at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, along with 0.2% graphene oxide addition.
- The highest compressive and tensile strengths were found with a 15% wollastonite replacement of cement. The addition of graphene oxide and wollastonite improved the strength properties of the concrete compared to the control sample.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on using Metakaolin and Marble Dust in Conc...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on using metakaolin and marble dust in concrete as a partial replacement for cement. Metakaolin is a calcined clay that is easily available in parts of India. Marble dust is a byproduct of marble cutting and manufacturing industries. The study aims to assess the utility of using these industrial wastes (metakaolin and marble dust) as cement replacements in concrete. Various percentages of cement were replaced with combinations of metakaolin and marble dust. The compressive strength and other properties of the concrete mixtures were then tested at 7 and 28 days to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of this partial cement replacement approach.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Nano Silica ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the compressive strength of nano silica concrete. Concrete cubes were made by replacing 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% of cement with nano silica. Testing found that compressive strength increased with higher nano silica content up to 3%, with the highest strength achieved with 3% replacement. Replacement of 3% of cement with nano silica resulted in compressive strengths of 19.43MPa, 25.54MPa and 30.65MPa at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing respectively. The study concluded that nano silica improves the compressive strength of concrete in a replacement level-dependent manner
A Study on Structural Characteristics of Basalt Fibre Mix ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the structural characteristics of basalt fiber mix concrete. Various basalt fiber lengths (12mm, 18mm, 24mm) and dosages (4 kg/m3, 8 kg/m3, 12 kg/m3) were used to cast concrete specimens. Testing showed that 18mm fiber length with 8 kg/m3 dosage provided optimal compressive strength, while 24mm length at 12 kg/m3 provided optimal flexural and split tensile strength compared to plain concrete. 24mm fibers also performed better than other lengths under elastic properties testing. The study aims to investigate the mechanical and elastic properties of basalt fiber reinforced concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Normalconcrete by Adding Jute Fiber ...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates the effects of adding jute fiber as an admixture to normal concrete. Three trial mixes were prepared with varying proportions of jute fiber (1%, 2%, 3%). Tests on hardened concrete cubes, beams and cylinders at 7 and 28 days showed that the 2% and 3% jute fiber mixes achieved higher compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths compared to the normal concrete mix without fiber. The 2% fiber mix achieved compressive strengths 6.3% greater and flexural strengths 2.01% greater than the normal mix at 28 days. Adding jute fiber up to 2% improved the mechanical properties of the concrete.
Effect of Quarry Dust on High Performance ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of using quarry dust as a partial replacement for natural sand in high-performance concrete. The researchers conducted tests to study the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete mixtures containing 60% quarry dust and 40% natural sand, along with 15% silica fume and various percentages of steel fiber (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). The results showed that adding silica fume increased compressive strength, while steel fiber increased tensile strength. A steel fiber content of 1% produced the optimum results. Overall, the study found that quarry dust can be successfully used as a partial replacement for natural sand in concrete.
Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Marble D...YogeshIJTSRD
The advancement of concrete technology is abridging the usance of natural and energy asset, and lessen the pollution of environment by the industrial waste. Marble is a metamorphic rock, resulting from the transformation of pure lime stone. Marble dust is generated in stone processing plants which pollute the environment and affect the humans directly or indirectly. Marble is industrially processed by being cut, polished and used for decorative purpose and thus, economically variable. During cutting process, 20 30 of a marble block becomes waste marble powder. Krishnendra Kumar Shukla | Hirendra Pratap Singh "Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Marble Dust and Recron Fibre as Admixture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38703.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/38703/experimental-study-of-partial-replacement-of-cement-in-concrete-with-marble-dust-and-recron-fibre-as-admixture/krishnendra-kumar-shukla
Studies on quarry dust as partial replacement of fine aggregates in concreteIJLT EMAS
Natural sand is most commonly used fine aggregates
in the production of concrete possess the problem of acute
shortage in many areas. Quarry dust can be used as an economic
alternative to the natural sand. In this investigation an attempt is
made to utilize quarry dust as a partial substitute for natural
sand in producing concrete. Natural sand is replaced by Quarry
dust at an interval of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Mix
proportions for M20 concrete is prepared with reference to IS:
10262-2009 and IS: 456-2000 for the study of workability.
Compressive strength and Flexural strength test results are
compared with the conventional concrete. The strengths were
obtained at the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. Compressive and
Flexural strength increased marginally from 5% to 15%
replacement. There is a slight decrease in the corresponding
compressive and flexural strength at 20% replacement. Good
correlation was observed between compressive strength and
flexural strength. It was observed that the addition of quarry
dust that would replace the fine material at particular
proportion has displayed an enhancing effect on properties of
concrete. This investigation proves that quarry dust can be used
as a partial substitute for natural sand in preparing concrete.
IRJET - Experimental Study on Fly Ash Bricks by using Granite and Marble PowderIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study on fly ash bricks containing granite and marble powder. Various mix ratios of fly ash, lime, gypsum, and granite or marble powder were used to produce brick samples. The samples were then tested to determine their compressive strength, water absorption, density, efflorescence, soundness, shape and size, color, hardness, and internal structure. Test results found that bricks containing 10% replacement of fly ash with either granite or marble powder exhibited the highest compressive strength. Using more than 15% mineral powder replacement resulted in lower strength. Therefore, a 10% replacement was determined to be the optimum mix ratio.
Study of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Containing Silica Fume as Partial Replac...IRJET Journal
This document studies recycled aggregate concrete containing silica fume as a partial replacement for cement. Various percentages of recycled aggregate were used to replace natural aggregate in concrete mixes, from 0% to 50%. Mechanical properties such as compressive and tensile strength were tested. The results showed that replacing up to 30% of natural aggregate with recycled aggregate can achieve similar strength as conventional concrete. Above 30% replacement, strength tends to decrease. The materials used in the concrete mixes included grade 43 cement, natural and recycled coarse aggregates of different sizes, river sand, silica fume, and water.
An Experimental Study of Basalt Chopped Fibers Reinforced Concrete with Repla...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the compressive, tensile, and flexural behavior of basalt chopped fiber reinforced concrete with a replacement of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) for fine aggregates. A total of 108 specimens were cast for M40 grade concrete, including 36 cubes, 36 cylinders, and 36 prisms. The specimens were water cured for 28 days. The study found that with 1.5% basalt fiber for cubes and cylinders and 2% for prisms, the optimum GGBS replacement dosage for maximum compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength was 25%.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Effect on Compressive Strength of Interlocki...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigated the effect on compressive strength of interlocking tiles by replacing cement and aggregate with bagasse ash, lime, and demolished concrete. Tiles were produced with varying proportions of bagasse ash (20-50%) and lime as cement replacements. Testing found that replacing 30% cement with 30% bagasse ash and 70% lime produced the highest strength at 72.28% of standard tiles. This reduced cement consumption and cost while providing adequate strength, providing an eco-friendly and economical building material alternative.
Economic and Qualitative Feasibility of Partial Replacement of Natural Sand i...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that evaluated the economic and qualitative feasibility of partially replacing natural sand with crushed granite fines and marble fines in M30 grade concrete. Various mix proportions were tested with sand replacement levels from 10-50%. The key properties of compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were evaluated at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that the 40% replacement mix performed best in terms of strength properties compared to the control mix. An economic analysis found that using the crushed stone fines provided cost savings compared to natural sand. The study concluded that a combination of crushed granite and marble fines can be a viable and economical substitute for natural sand in concrete.
Effect of flyash on the properties of concrete and construction materialsIJLT EMAS
Fly ash, a waste generated by thermal power plants is
as such a big environmental concern. The investigation reported
in this paper is carried out to study the utilization of fly ash in
cement concrete as a partial replacement of cement as well as an
additive so as to provide an environmentally consistent way of its
disposal and reuse. This work is a case study on fly Ash collected
from CTPS Bokaro .This research was experimentally carried
out to investigate the effects of introducing Fly Ash(FA) as a
Partial Replacement of Portland Slag Cement (PSC) on the
physical and structural properties of Concrete.Consistency,
Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength and Flexural
Strength of concrete with 0% ,5% ,10% ,15% and 20% partial
replacement of PSC with FA has been conducted and result is
calculated at 7 and 28 days.
Similar to Effect of Magnesium Sulfate Attack on Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Partial to Full Replacement of Natural Sand by M - Sand (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
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Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.