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IRJET- Utilization of Rice Husk Ash and Foundry Sand as Partial Replacement Materials in Fiber Reinforced Concrete
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Blood Donation Management System is a web database application that enables the public to make online session reservation, to view nationwide blood donation events online and at the same time provides centralized donor and blood stock database. This application is developed by using ASP.NET technology from Visual Studio with the MySQL 5.0 as the database management system. The methodology used to develop this system as a whole is Object Oriented Analysis and Design; whilst, the database for BDMS is developed by following the steps in Database Life Cycle. The targeted users for this application are the public who is eligible to donate blood ,'system moderator, administrator from National Blood Center and the staffs who are working in the blood banks of the participating hospitals. The main objective of the development of this application is to overcome the problems that exist in the current system, which are the lack of facilities for online session reservation and online advertising on the nationwide blood donation events, and also decentralized donor and blood stock database. Besides, extra features in the system such as security protection by using password, generating reports, reminders of blood stock shortage and workflow tracking can even enhance the efficiency of the management in the blood banks. The final result of this project is the development of web database application, which is the BDMS.
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This project aims at the Introduction to app Service Management. This software is designed keeping in mind the user’s efficiency & ease of handling and maintenance , as and secured system over centralized data handling and providing with the features to get the complete study and control over the business. The report depicts the basics logic used for software development long with the Activity diagrams so that logics may be apprehended without difficulty. For detailed information, screen layouts, provided along with this report can be viewed. Although this report is prepared with considering the results required these may be across since the project is subjected to future enhancements as per the need of organizations.
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This project is being considered in order to reduce and totally eliminate loss of customers to competitors, and save the company from folding up. The current system is manual and it is time consuming. It is also cost ineffective, and average return is low and diminishing. Currently, customers can call or walk-in in order to rent or reserve a vehicle. The staff of the company will check their file to see which vehicle is available for rental. The current system is error prone and customers are dissatisfied. The goal of this project is to automate vehicle rental and reservation so that customers do not need to walk-in or call in order to reserve a vehicle. They can go online and reserve any kind of vehicle they want and that is available. Even when a customer chooses to walk-in, computers are available for him to go online and perform his reservation. When he choose to reserve by phone, any of the customer service representatives can help him reserve the vehicle speedily and issue him a reservation number. The VRS will maintain the database of all vehicles the company has. It will also keep track of all vehicle reservation and return. Reports will be generated bi-weekly. Reports for the Accounts Manager will detail the cost incurred to maintain each vehicle and revenue accrued on each vehicle. Reports for the Maintenance Manager will detail the present mileage of the car in order for him to take care of the vehicle servicing, and when each vehicle will be due for tag renewal. The Branch Manager’s report will detail total cost incurred and total revenue accrued, and the status of each vehicle so that he can decide whether to sell the vehicle or still keep it.
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A computer reservation system or central reservation system is a computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to air travel, hotels, car rental, or activities. These systems typically allow users to book hotel rooms, rental cars, airline tickets as well as activities and tours. They also provide access to railway reservations and bus reservations in some markets, although these are not always integrated with the main system. For these systems to be accessible on mobile phones and computers outside the premises of the airport, cinema, train station or stadiums, they need to be on the internet or a network. This project focuses on the design and implementation of a web based cinema management system for the allocation of seat tickets online. The system would feature the registration of users, use of serial numbers and pins gotten from scratch cards sold and a printed slip. The system would have a store of all the seats and automate the generation of fresh serial numbers and pins.
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Now a day’s education plays a great role in development of any country. Many of education organizations try to increase education quality. One of the aspects of this improvement is managing of school resources. Education Management System carried on by any individual or institution engaged in providing a services to students, teachers, guardians and other persons are intermediary that performs one or more of the following functionalities – Student Admission, Employee Registration, Student List, Employee List, Student Attendance, Employee Attendance, Student Routine, Result Management, Payroll & Accounts. Education Management System (EMS) is such a service which provides all services for an educational institute to make your life easier and faster by assuring its performance. Easy User Management System, Easy Admission Process, Easy Attendance System. EMS is a system that will provide you a bird’s eye view of the functioning of the entire educational institution. It is a management information system helps to manage the different processes in an educational institution like General Administration, Staff Management, Academics, Student Management, and Accounts etc. The information is made using the latest technologies and help’s to make decision making a lot faster, effective and easier than ever before. Also helps to improve the overall quality of education of the institution. We use database and database technology are having a major impact on the growing use of computers. The implementation of the system was done using c# and SQL Server 2012 technologies, allowing system to be run in Windows OS. In a nutshell, Education Management Software managed your education institution by simplifying and automating processes and addressing the needs of all stakeholders helping them to be more efficient in their respective roles.
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Introduction to Casting Processes
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Laundry firms currently use a manual system for the management and maintenance of critical information. The current system requires numerous paper forms, with data stores spread throughout the laundry management infrastructure. Often information is incomplete or does not follow management standards. Records are often lost in transit during computation requiring a comprehensive auditing process to ensure that no vital information is lost. Multiple copies of the same information exist in the laundry firm data and may lead to inconsistencies in data in various data stores. A significant part of the operation of any laundry firm involves the acquisition, management and timely retrieval of great volumes of information. This information typically involves; customer personal information and clothing records history, user information, price of delivery and received date, users scheduling as regards customers details and dealings in service rendered, also our products package waiting list. All of this information must be managed in an efficient and cost wise fashion so that the organization resources may be effectively utilized. We present the design and implementation of a laundry database management system (LBMS) used in a laundry establishment. Laundry firms are usually faced with difficulties in keeping detailed records of customers clothing; this little problem as seen to most laundry firms is highly discouraging as customers are filled with disappointments, arising from issues such as customer clothes mix-ups and untimely retrieval of clothes. The aim of this application is to determine the number of clothes collected, in relation to their owners, as this also helps the users fix a date for the collection of their clothes. Also customer’s information is secured, as a specific id is allocated per registration to avoid contrasting information.
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The project developers created a system entitled Resort Management and Reservation System; it will provide better management and monitoring of the services in every resort business, especially D’ Rock Resort. To accommodate those out-of-town guests who want to remain and utilize the resort's services, the proponents planned to automate the business procedures of the resort and implement the system. As a result, it aims to improve business profitability, lower expenses, and speed up the resort's transaction processing. The resort will now be able to serve those potential guests, especially during the high season. Using websites for faster transactions to reserve on your desired time and date is another step toward technological advancement. Customers don’t need to walk in and hold in line for several hours. There is no problem in converting a paper-based transaction online; it's just the system that will be used that will help the resort expand. Moreover, Gerard (2012) stated that “The flexible online information structure was developed as a tool for the reservation theory's two primary applications. Computer use is more efficient, accurate, and faster than a manual or present lifestyle of operation. Using a computer has a vital role in our daily life and the advantages of the devices we use.
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Online movie ticket booking system for movies is a web-based program. This application allows users to purchase cinema tickets over the portal. To buy tickets, people must first register or log in. This website's backend is PHP and JavaScript, and the front end is HTML and CSS. All phases of the software development life cycle are efficiently managed in order to design and implement software. On the website, there are two panels: one for administrators and one for customers/users. The admin has the ability to add cinemas, movies, delete, halt execution, and add screens, among other things. The website is simple to navigate and appealing, saving the end user time.
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Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
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PrashantGoswami42
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In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on. My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways. In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
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In this project presentation, I will show you the design and build a simple Car Speed Detector circuit using Arduino UNO and IR Sensors. This Arduino Car Speed Detector project can be used to detect speed of a moving car. this is a very simple project idea to present. dept. of electrical and electronic engineering, university of chittagong.
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IRJET- Utilization of Rice Husk Ash and Foundry Sand as Partial Replacement Materials in Fiber Reinforced Concrete
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4694 UTILIZATION OF RICE HUSK ASH AND FOUNDRY SAND AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT MATERIALS IN FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE Ms. Sivagami1, Vetri Selvi.P2 1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, RVS Technical Campus, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, India 2II Year, M.E.( Structural), RVS Technical Campus, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Concrete is homogeneous mixture of cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water. Cement production gives rise to CO2 emissions and being responsible for about 5% of the CO2 emissions in the world. The availability of the natural river sand is decreasing due to the over exploitation of river sand. In order to reduce the usage of cement and river sand, partial replacement can be done with Rice Husk ash and Waste Foundry sand. Fiber reinforced concrete is one of the recent trends in construction industry, using of the fibers reduces cracks in the concrete and improves tensile strength. The present study focuses onenhancingmechanicalproperties of fiber reinforced concrete in which cement and sand are partially replaced with different percentages of Rice HuskAsh (RHA) and Waste Foundry Sand. Initially the optimum fiber content is found by testing 0, 0.25, 0.5, 075and1percentageof fibers in conventional concrete. Then the partial replacement of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percentages of RHA and the partial replacement of 10, 20, 30 and 40 percentagesofwastefoundry sand are done in the casting of optimum fiber reinforced concrete. The various test specimens are casted and compressive strength test, split tensile test and flexural strength test are carried out. The test results are compared and the optimum percentage of partial replacement of RHA and waste foundry sand which produces high strength concrete is found. Key Words: Concrete, Fiber reinforced Concrete, Rice Husk ash, Foundry sand, partial replacement. 1.INTRODUCTION Concrete is a composite material composed of gravels (coarse aggregate),sand(fineaggregate)andcement (binder). Concrete have inherently brittle nature and have some dramatic disadvantages such as poor deformability and weak crack resistance in the practical usage. Also their tensile strength and flexural strength is relatively low compared to their compressive strength. Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concretecontainingfibrousmaterial which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed andrandomlyoriented. Fibers are usually used in concrete tocontrol crackingdueto plastic shrinkage and to drying shrinkage. They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduce bleeding of water. Some types of fibersproducegreaterimpact, abrasion and shatter resistance in concrete. The worldwide consumption of sand as fine aggregate in concrete production is very high and several developing countries have encountered some strain in the supply of natural sand in order to meet the increasing needs of infrastructural development in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to replace natural sand in concrete by an alternate material either partially or completely without compromising the qualityof concrete.Foundrysand whichis a byproduct that is obtained from the metal industries is a good alternative for the natural sand as it is produced in abundant quantities and is used only for the landfilling purpose which may also pollute the land. Thus the partial replacement of the natural sand with foundry sand maybe a good alternative for the reducing the usage of natural sand and also reduces the causes of dumping of the foundry sand. Cement being one of the main ingredients in the concrete is used in a large quantity in the construction industry. The production process of the cement leads to the rise of CO2 emissions generatedbythecalcinationsofCaCO3 and being responsible for about 5% of the CO2 emissions in the world. Thus it causes a great threat to the environment by increasing the global warming. Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is one of these waste products which are generated as a by- product of rice paddy milling industries. When it is properly brunt it has high SiO2 content and can be used for cement replacement. Rice husk ash exhibits high pozzolanic characteristics and contributes to high strength and high impermeability of concrete. 2. MATERIAL TESTING 2.1 Cement The Ordinary Portland Cement of 43 Grade conforming to IS 12269 – 1987 was used in this study. The specific gravity and initial setting of OPC 43 grade were 3.15 and 35 minutes respectively. 2.2 Fine Aggregate: Locallyavailable river sand conforming togradingzoneII of IS 383 –1970. Sand passing through IS 4.75mm Sieve will be used with the specific gravity of 2.65. 2.3 Coarse Aggregate Machine crushed angular granitemetalof20mmnominal size from the local source was used as coarse aggregate. The specific gravity and water absorption of coarse aggregate
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4695 were investigated as 2.68 and 1.17%. The impact value and abrasion factor of coarse aggregate were 14.13% and24.6%. 2.4 Waste Foundry Sand Waste foundry sand (WFS) was obtained locally from shanthi casting, Coimbatore. WFS were used as a partial replacement of fine aggregate (natural river sand). Metal poured in the foundry is grey iron. The sand was tested for various properties like specific gravity,waterabsorptionetc., and in accordance with IS 2386-1963. 2.5 Polyester Fiber Table -1: Properties of fibers S.No FIBER PROPERTIES POLYESTER 1 Length (mm) 6 2 Shape Straight 3 Size/Diameter(mm) 0.035 4 Aspect Ratio 171.42 3. MIX PROPORTIONS In thisstudy, the controlspecimen(MCS)wasdesignedas per IS 10262-2009 to achieve M30 grade of concrete with w/c ratio of 0.44. The mix ratio for the M30 concrete is 1: 1.467: 2.5 4. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME Total 18 different mixtures of concrete were prepared in the laboratory. First is the conventionalconcretewithoutany additives. Next with the concrete containing Fibres of 0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0 % is prepared. The optimumfibercontentis found by testing the specimens. Thenthepartialreplacement of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percentages of RHA and the partial replacement of 10, 20, 30 and 40 percentages of waste foundry sand are done with the optimum fiber reinforced concrete. 4.1 SLUMP CONE TEST . The experimental work gives the slump value of concrete initially as 30 mm which gradually decreased to 15 mm. The slump value of concrete is very low and it indicates that the concrete slumps evenly and has true slump. Table -2: Slump value for various FRC S.No. Mix ID Fiber percentage Slumpvaluein mm 1 M1 0 24 2 M2 0.25 27 3 M3 0.5 29 4 M4 0.75 29 5 M5 1 30 Table -3: Slump value for 0.5% Fiber reinforced concrete S.No. Mix ID Percenta ge of RHA (%) Percentag e of FS (%) Slump value in mm 1 M6 5 10 29 2 M7 5 20 27 3 M8 5 30 27 4 M9 5 40 26 5 M10 10 10 25 6 M11 10 20 24 7 M12 10 30 24 8 M13 10 40 23 9 M14 15 10 23 10 M15 15 20 23 11 M16 15 30 22 12 M17 15 40 21 13 M18 20 10 21 14 M19 20 20 20 15 M20 20 30 20 16 M21 20 40 20 4.2. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST The comparison of the 7th and 28th day cube compressive strength resultsshowsanincreaseincompressivestrengthof fiber reinforced concrete upto 0.5% of addition of fibers when compared with conventional concrete, after 0.5% of addition of fiber the strength decreases. In the RHA and foundry sand replaced concrete the compressive strength was higher for 10% replacement of RHA and 20% replacement of foundry sand. The maximum compressive strength of 40.22N/mm2 was obtained for10% replacement of RHA and 20% replacement of foundry sand. Chart -1:Compressive strength test results for various percentages of fiber
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4696 Chart -2: Compressive strength test results for Different Mix Ratio 4.3. SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST The comparison of the 7th and 28th day splitstrengthresults shows an increase in split tensile strength upto 0.5% of addition of fibers when compared with conventional concrete, after 0.5% of addition of fiber the strength decreases. In the RHA and foundry sand replaced concrete the maximum split tensile strength of 4.32 N/mm2 was obtained for10% replacement of RHA and 20% replacement of foundry sand. Chart -3: Split tensile strength test results for various percentages of fiber Chart -4: Split tensile strength test results for various 4percentages of RHA and foundry sand 4.4.FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST The comparison of the 7th and 28th day flexural strength results shows an increase in flexural strength of fiber reinforced concrete upto 0.5% of addition of fibers when compared with conventionalconcrete,after 0.5%ofaddition of fiber the strength decreases. The maximum flexural strength of 8.79 N/mm2 was obtained for 10% replacement of RHA and 20% replacement of foundry sand. Chart -5: Flexural strength test results Chart -6: Flexural strength test results for various percentages of RHA and FS 4.5. FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST FOR BEAM The comparison of flexural beam test results shows that the deflection for the concrete specimen replaced with 0.5% fiber, 10% RHA and 20% foundry sand is less when compared to the deflection of the concrete specimen with 0.5% of fiber added concrete and the conventional concrete specimen. Chart -7: Flexural beam strength of conventional concrete Chart -8: Flexural beam strength of 0.5% fiber added concrete
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4697 Chart -9: Flexural beam strength of concrete comparison 5. CONCLUSION By the experimental study on the replacement of RHA and foundry sand in fiber reinforced concrete, it could be observed that major cracks were not found on the specimen after the loading was done. Only minor cracks were found on the specimen. The optimum percentage of addition of polyester fiber in concrete was found to be 0.5% thus Compressive,SplitTensileandFlexuralStrengthincreasedby 2.9%, 9.9% and 3.83% respectively. Further increasing the content of polyester fibers leads to decrease in compressive strength due to loss of workability and Cohesiveness. By keeping 0.5% as constant polyester fiber content, replacement of cement by 10% of RHA and replacingsandby 20% of foundry sand in M30 mix the Compressive strength increases by 7.08 %, the splittensile strengthincreasesby22 % and the Flexural Strength increased by 15.96 % respectively. In flexural beam test, the load carryingcapacity of RHA and foundry sand replaced fiber reinforced concrete beams strengthens more than conventional beam. The contribution of the fibers leads to the increase on ultimate load carrying capacity and resists initial cracks of the beams. The deflection values for the RHA and foundry sand beams were found to be decreased when compared to the control specimen. Thus an environment friendly concrete can be produced by partially replacing the cement and sand with RHA and foundry sand. REFERENCES [1] IS 456: 2000- Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice. [2] IS 383: 1970-Specifications for Coarse and Fine aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete. [3] Pathariya Saraswati C, Rana Jaykrushna K, Shah PalasA, Mehta Jay G and Patel Ankit N, “Application of Waste Foundry Sand for Evolution of Low-Cost Concrete” , International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), Vol. 4, No. 10, pp.4281-4286, 2013. [4] Augustine Uchechukwu Elinwa, “Foundry Sand as Partial Replacement of Fine AggregateintheProduction of Concrete”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp.76-82, 2014. [5] Vema Reddy Chevuri and S.Sridhar, “Usage of Waste Foundry Sand in Concrete”, SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 2, No. 12, pp.5-12, 2015. [6] Preeti Pandey, Alvin Harison and Vikas Srivastava,‟Utilization of Waste Foundry SandasPartial Replacement of Fine Aggregate for Low Cost Concrete”, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.5, No.6, pp.3535-3538, 2015. [7] Sarita Chandrakanth and Ajay.A.Hamane, “Partial replacement of waste foundry sand and recycled aggregate in concrete”, International journal of modern trends in engineering and research,Vol.3,No.5,PP.173- 181, 2016. [8] Pendhari Ankush R., Demse Dhananjay G, Nikam Madhuri E, Karpe Balraj E, Khairnar Pramod R and Suryawanshi Priyanka R, “Partial Replacement of Sand by Waste Foundry Sand”,International ResearchJournal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 04, No. 5, pp.2771- 2776, 2017. [9] S.Madhavan and M.Vijayprakash, “Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Flyash and Waste Foundry Sand as a Partial Replacing Material in Concrete”, Vol. 6, No.4, pp.4222-4224, 2016. [10] Dr. Vagheesha S. Mathda and Ms. Hemali K. Khaire, “Study of Effects of Polyester Fibers on Compressive Strength of Concrete”,International Journal forResearch in Applied Science & Engineering Technology,Vol.4,No. 1, pp.53-56, 2016. [11] U Bhavitha and Mohammed Safiuddin, “Study of Strength Properties of Polyster Fiber Reinforced Concrete”, Journal for Research, Vol. 02, No. 08, pp.12- 16, 2016. [12] Y. M. Ghugal and S.V. Naghate, “Performanceofextruded polyester fiber reinforced concrete” , Journal of Structural Engineering Vol. 43, No. 3, pp.247-257,2016. [13] Revanasiddappa Madihalli, Naveen Kumar B M, Dr. H N Rajakumara and Priyanka, “Studyoninfluenceof recron polyester fibers and slag sand on the performance of concrete”, International Journal of Civil Engineeringand Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 8, pp. 1271–1278, 2017. [14] N.K.Amudhavalli and M.Poovizhiselvi, “Relationship between Compressive Strength and Flexural Strengthof Polyester Fiber Reinforced Concrete”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), Vol. 45 No. 4, pp.158-160, 2017. [15] Alex Tharun P J , Nishma V Mohan, Aswathy L S, Sruthy Sreekumar and Aparna A V, “Strength Characteristic Study of Polyester Fiber Reinforced Concrete”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ETCEA - 2K18 Conference Proceedings, 2018. [16] Karthik M. P., Arul Gnanapragasam A., Sree Vidya V., Manikandan B, Manasha Gayathiri M, “Experimental Study on Rice Husk Ash in Concrete by Partial Replacement”, International Journal of ChemTech Research Vol.10 No.8, pp 812-819, 2017. [17] Ashwini B.V,G.K Supriya,Sathish D.M, Vijay kumar,Ashish Dubay B, “An Experimental Study on Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement for Cement in Concrete” , International Journal of InnovativeResearch in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6, Issue 5, May 2017. [18] I.B. Ologunagba, A.S. Daramola, A.O. Aliu, “Feasibility of using Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement for Concrete”, International Journal of Engineering Trends
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4698 and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 30 Number5,pp267- 269, 2015. [19] Abdul Fareed Babu, Seeram Bhanupravallika, “Characteristics of Fibre-Reinforced Rice Husk Ash Concrete on Strength”, International ResearchJournal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) – Volume:05Issue: 06, pp 3205-3210, 2018. [20] Aishwarya T.R and S.Suresh, “Utilization of Rice Husk Ash and Waste Foundry Sand asPartial Replacementfor Cement and Fine Aggregate in Concrete”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Advanced Technology (IJERAT) – Volume: 04 Issue: 08, pp 46-54, 2018.
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