This document provides a proposal for a seminar on eco-friendly management of the Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) under field conditions. The objectives are to monitor borer populations, evaluate brinjal cultivars for susceptibility, and test management treatments. The methodology describes a field experiment with 7 treatments and 3 replications using a randomized block design. Data on shoot and fruit infestation, yield, and fruit characteristics will be analyzed. If effective, the results could provide farmers with economical and environmentally safe borer management options.

1. Proposal Seminar On
Eco-friendly Management of Brinjal Shoot and Fruit
Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) under the field conditions
AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
RAMPUR, CHITWAN, NEPAL
Manish Kumar Pal
ENT-03M-2018
Department of
Entomology
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2. INTRODUCTION
 Scientific Name : Solanum melongena L.
 Family : Solanaceae
 Often called as “Baingan" or “Brinjal“ or “Egg plant" or
“Aubergine".
 Second most important popular solanaceous vegetable after
tomato
 In Nepal, the production of brinjal during 2016/17 was
128029 Mt from 8680 ha with productivity of 14.7
Mt/ha(MOAD,2016/17)
 FAO in 2012, China ranks first in the production of brinjal
(58% of world output).
 Good source of vitamins, antioxidants, proteins and fibers
(Obho, et.al,2005).
 Longer fruiting and harvesting period with higher yield
attracts farmers on its cultivation.
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3. Shoot & Fruit Borer (Leucinodes
orbonalis) of Brinjal
 Major insect pest of egg plant
in all eggplant growing regions
of Nepal (Mainali,et.al,2015).
 A Monophagous pest feeds
only on Brinjal (Ahmad
et.al.,2007)
 A single caterpillar may
damage 4-6 fruits which shows
circular exit holes.
 Reduces the crop yield upto
60-70% (Singh &Nath,2010).
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4.  Increase in the number of shoots
per plant will lower the attack rate of
the pest.
 Round shape fruits are more
susceptible compared to long bodied
fruits.
 Infested fruits have remarkable
reduction in vit. C content upto 80 %
(Sharma,2002).
 Farmers apply insecticides 10-12
times in winter and 25-30 times in
the summer and rainy season crop
(Ghimire,2001).
 Absence of economical, eco-friendly
and socially accepted solutions is a
key constraint (IPM CRSP, 2001)
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5. OBJECTIVES
General objective
 To develop BSFB management protocol which are
environmental safe, economically viable and locally
adaptable.
Specific objective
 To monitor the incidence of borer population
throughout the growing season of Brinjal.
 To rank potential Brinjal cultivars which are less
susceptible by borer damage.
 To evaluate the potential management treatments
from a wide range of management tools.
 To evaluate potential loss as well as damage extent by
BSFB under the field condition.
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6. METHODOLOGY
 Research Site:
Janakpur,Dhanusha,Province-2
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Janakpur
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7. Metho……
Treatment: 7
Replication: 3
Plot size: 4.32 m2
Spacing:
60cm*60cm
No. of
plants/plot: 12
No. of sample
plants/plot: 5
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8. Treatment Details
Treatment For Management tools
T1 NSKE 5%
T2 Tobacco leaf extract
T3 Nimbecidine (Azadirachtin 0.03%
EC) – 5ml/lit (Mainali et.al.,2013)
T4 Pheromone trap (Alam et al.
(2003)
T5 Trozen (150g/L gamma-
cyhalothrin capsule suspension)
@ 0.33 ml/lit water
T6 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 EC@0.25
ml/lit water
T7 Control
Details For Varietal Screening
Pusa purple Long
Nurki
Pusa Kranti
Pusa cluster
Sarlahi Green
Namdhari F1-Hybrid
Mayalu F1-Hybrid
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9. Pusa Purple Long Pusa Kranti
Sarlahi green Namdhari f1 seeds

10. Metho…..
Spray: 4 times
Spray start: 30 DAT
Spray interval: 12 Days
Data Record interval: one
day before spray, 3rd, 7th
and 11th days after each
spray.
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11. Screening Scoring Pattern
% of infection Category
0 Immune
0-15 Resistant
16-30 Moderately resistance
31-45 Susceptible
>46 Highly Susceptible
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12. Data To be taken
Shoot infestation percent: (Number of infested
shoot/Total number of shoots)*100
Fruit infestation percent (by number): (Number
of infested fruit/Total number of fruits)*100
Fruit infestation percent (by weight): Fruit
infestation percent (by weight) = (Infested fruit
weight/Total fruit weight)*100
Increase in yield over control (%): [T-C]/C*100
Shape index= (Length of fruit / Fruit
diameter)*1oo
volume index= Length of the fruits * Diamater
of fruits
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13. Analysis
Recorded data tabulated first
GENSTAT for analysis of variance of treatments
Protected LSD at 5% to analyze the variances
between the treatments
T-test at p=0.05 to analyze paired samples
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14. Work Plan
Activities
Year 2019/20
Aug Sep
Oc
t
Nov Dec Jan Feb
Ma
r
Ap
r
MayJun
Jul
y
1. Raising Seedlings
2. Lay out, Land
preparation &
Transplanting
3. Tagging
4. Data collection
5. Data analysis
8. Thesis report writing
9. Thesis submission
10.Publication of research
output
11.Seminar presentation

15. References
Alam SN, Rashid MA, Rouf FMA, Jhala RC, Patel JR et al. Development of an
integrated pest management strategy for eggplant fruit and
shoot borer in South Asia. AVRDC-the World Vegetable Center
Technical Bulletin No. 28. AVRDC Publication No, 03-548,
Shanhua, Taiwan, 2003, 56.
Ghimire SN: Eco-frendly management of brinjal fruit and shoot borer,
Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Master thesis.
Institute of Agriculture and animal Science, Rampur – Nepal. 2001.
Mainali, R. P., R. B Thapa, P. Pokhrel, N. Dangi and S. Aryal. 2013. Bio- rational
management of eggplant fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis
Guenee, (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Lalitpur, Nepal, Journal of Plant
Protection Society 4: 235-247.
Mainali,R.P.,R.B.Paneru,P.Pokhrel and Y.P. Giri. 2015. Field Bio-efficacy of Newer
insecticides against eggplant fruit and shoot borer(Leucinides
orbonalis). International Journal of Applied Sciences and
Biotechnology3(4):727-730
Singh SP, Nath P. Cultural and biophysical management of brinjal shoot and fruit
borer (Leucinodes orbonalis). A biannual new letter of the (CIPS) in
corporation with the (IRAC) and (WRCC-60), 2010; pp.42-43.
Thapa RB (2010) Integrated management of brinjal fruit and shoot borer,
Leucinodes orbonalis Guen: An overview. Journal of Institute of
Agriculture and Animal Science 30 &32: 1-16.
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16. Acknowledgement
• Mr. Sundar Tiwari – Major Advisor
• Mr. Rajendra Regmi – Minor Advisor
• Dr. Resham Bdr. Thapa – Advising committee
• Department Friends
• Department of Entomology
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