2. 1. Leaf spot / Phavophleospora leaf spot
• Phaeopleospora indica: Initially circular spots pinkish in colour
appear which gradually turn brownish in colour.
• Centre of the spot is whitish grey coloured and number of spots are
more on leaves.
4. 2. Pestalotiopsis leaf spot
• Pestalotiopsis versicolor (Syn: Pestalotia
versicolor, P. sapotae and P. podocarpi)
5. Symptoms
• Small, reddish brown specks on leaf lamina.
• Spots enlarge, become circular measuring 1 to 3 mm in diameter
• Fully developed spots show grayish centre and dark brown to
reddish margin
• Minute black fruiting bodies (pycnidia) are seen in the center of
spots
6. 3. Flat limb
• Botryodiplodia theobromae
• First reported from Maharashtra and Gujarat
by Khurana and Singh in 1972
7. Symptoms
• Branches of affected trees become flat and twisted.
• Leaves become thin, small and yellow.
• Cluster of leaves and flowers on affected twigs.
• Flowers remain infertile.
• If fruits are set, they are undersized, hard and fail to ripen.
• Foliage and fruits fall prematurely.
9. Symptoms
• Disease severity increases in increased
population of leaf hoppers, aphids and other
insects.
• Black superficial growth on entire surface of
leaves, fruits and twigs.
• Fungus is not a parasite. It grows on the
excreta and honey secretions of insects.
• Under dry spell such affected leaves curl &
shrivel. During flowering time the
appearance of the disease results in reduced
fruit set.
• Sooty mass is a superficial growth of the
fungus and it multiplies on insect secretions.
Impact of this disease on host is
photosynthesis activity and yield decreases.
10. Mode of spread
• Primary source of inoculum: Dormant mycelia
• Secondary source of inoculum: Air borne conidia: Spread:
Insects, Aphids, wind.
Epidemiology:
• Temperature 28-32 ⁰C, 85-90% RH, Warm Weather and
susceptible host.
11. Management
• Sprays of wettable sulphur 0.2% along with insecticide
Dimethoate 1.5g/lit
• Spray of 1% starch solution makes flakes of the fungus and
due to small wind falls of from the plant.
12. 5. Red rust
• Cephaleuros versicolor.
• The algal disease and it has been observed in India and else
where. It is one of the minor disease of importance.
• Reduction in photosynthetic activity and defoliation as a result
of algal attack lower vitality of the host plant.
13. Symptoms
• The disease is characterized by initial
green coloured, circular patches with
marginal serrations.
• The upper surfaces of the spot consist of
numerous, unbranched filaments, which
project through cuticle.
• As and when disease advances the
organism turns red rusty spots on the
leaves and young twig.
• Spores mature, fall off and leave cream
to white velvet texture on the surface of
leaf.
14. Epidemiology
• The disease is more common on close plantation.
• The zoospores cause initial infection.
• High moist condition favours development of fruiting bodies
of the algae.
Management:
• it is controlled by spraying with Bordeaux mixture 1% or
Copper Oxychloride 0.3% or lime sulphur 0.2%.
