Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans that is transmitted through contact with infected wildlife or humans. There are 5 species of Ebola virus, and the average fatality rate is around 50%. The virus carries a negative-sense RNA genome and has cylindrical virions that infect hosts and spread until killing the host. The first Ebola outbreaks occurred in 1976 in Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo. While there is no proven treatment, supportive care such as rehydration can improve survival rates.

1. BY
LAHARI REDDY SOUDU.

2. Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as
Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often
fatal illness in humans.
The virus is transmitted to people from wild
animals and spreads in the human population
through human-to-human transmission.
The average EVD case fatality rate is around
50%. Case fatality rates have varied from 25% to
90% in past outbreaks.

3. FAMILY- FILOVIRIDAE.
ORDER-MONONEGAVIRALES.
GENUS-EBOLA VIRUS
SPECIES-EBOLA
SUB SPECIES-THERE ARE 5 SUB SPECIES,
1.COTA’D IVORAE (IVORY COAST) EBOLAVIRUS.
2.RESTON EBOLA VIRUS (NON HUMAN PRIMATES).
3.SUDAN EBOLA VIRUS.
4.ZAIRE EBOLA VIRUS.
5.BUNDIBUGYO EBOLA VIRUS.

4. EBOV carries a negative-sense RNA genome in virions that
are cylindrical/tubular, and contain viral envelope, matrix,
and nucleocapsid components.
The overall cylinders are generally approximately 80 nm in
diameter, and have a virally encoded glycoprotein (GP)
projecting as 7-10 nm long spikes from its lipid bilayer
surface.
The cylinders are of variable length, typically 800 nm, but
sometimes up to 1000 nm long. The outer viral
envelope of the virion is derived by budding from domains
of host cell membrane into which the GP spikes have been
inserted during their biosynthesis.

6. Ebola virus disease first
appeared in 1976 in 2
simultaneous outbreaks
Nzara, South Sudan and
the other in Yambuku,
Democratic Republic of
Congo.
The latter occurred in a
village near the Ebola
River, from which the
disease takes its name.
The virus causing the
2014 West African
outbreak belongs to the
Zaire species.

9. The virus is transmitted to
people from wild animals.
It has been started to
spreads human-to-
human.
Ebola does not spreads
with air, water or food.
Direct contact through
Broken skin
Mouth &nose
Blood
Body fluids
Direct contact with
Breast milk,
Feces,
Saliva,
Semen,
Sweat,
Urine,
Vomit

10. Generally, Ebola is not
spread by food; however,
in Africa human infections
have been associated
with hunting, butchering,
and processing meat from
infected animals.
To date, there have been
no reports of human
sickness in the United
States from preparing or
consuming bushmeat
illegally brought into the
United States.

14. Various infectious diseases like tuberculosis,
AIDS and dengue have killed millions of people
all over the world but what distinguishes Ebola
from others, is that is highly mysterious..
It can kill within seven days: Ebola violently
multiplies until the viral particles are amplified
to about 100 million viral particles in a droplet
of blood. Further, without resting in a dormant
stage the virus kills the host to find a new one.
The fatality rate of the disease is 60 percent.

15. Antibody-capture enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Antigen-capture detection tests
Serum neutralization test
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR) assay
Electron microscopy
Virus isolation by cell culture.

16. Supportive care-rehydration with oral or
intravenous fluids- and treatment of specific
symptoms, improves survival.
There is as yet no proven treatment available
for EVD.
However, a range of potential treatments
including blood products, immune therapies
and drug therapies are currently being
evaluated.
No licensed vaccines are available yet, but 2
potential vaccines are undergoing human safety
testing.

17. Inactivated Ebola virus
vaccines do not promote
adequate immune
response to the pathogen
and remain ineffective.
Viral subunits vaccine-
success in non-human
primates such as
macaques but not
effective in humans.
Currently there is no
licensed Ebola vaccine.

22. Guinea – 3805 cases – 2533 deaths (4 new cases in Sept.)
Liberia – 10,672 cases – 4808 deaths (Ebola free)
Sierra Leone – 13,911 cases – 3955 deaths (Ebola free)
Italy – 1 case
Mali – 8 cases – 6 deaths
Nigeria – 20 cases – 8 deaths
Senegal – 1 case
Spain – 1 case
United Kingdom – 1 case
United States – 4 cases – 1 death

23. Washing hands,
Avoid funeral or
burial rituals that
require handling
the body of
someone who has
died from Ebola,
Avoid contact with
bats and
nonhuman
primates,
Avoid hospitals.

24. Wear appropriate PPE (personal protective
equipment),
Practice proper infection control and
sterilization measures,
Isolate patients with Ebola from other
patients,
Avoid direct contact with the bodies of
people who have died from Ebola.