Enteroviruses are a genus of picornaviruses that mainly replicate in the gut. There are at least 71 serotypes divided into 5 groups: polioviruses, coxsackie A viruses, coxsackie B viruses, echoviruses, and newly identified enteroviruses. Enterovirus infections can range from subclinical to abortive infections with minor illness to major illness with paralysis. Prevention is focused on vaccination with oral or intramuscular poliovirus vaccines. While poliovirus has been largely eradicated, surveillance continues to monitor outbreaks and achieve global eradication.